Interesting and free Zhu Zhishan.
Wen Zhiming with both calligraphy and painting.
Xu Zhenqing, the overlord of poetry.
Bohu Tang
Tang Yin (1470 ~ 1523), alias Bohu, was originally from Suzhou. Famous painters and writers in Ming Dynasty. Painting is as famous as Shen, Shen and Shen, and is called "Ming Sijia" in history. Poetry and prose were given to Wen Zhiming, Zhu Yunming and Xu Zhenqing, and they were called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as Wumen Four Talents), ranking first among the four talents in Jiangnan.
Tang Yin's great-grandfather has been doing business in Suzhou for generations, and his parents have opened a restaurant in Gao Qiao. Tang Yin was gifted since childhood, and he was familiar with four books and five classics, and exhibited historical books such as Historical Records and Selected Works of Zhaoming. Chen Zhou, a famous painter who loves painting and is good at it, studied under Shen Zhou. /kloc-at the age of 0/6, he took the boys' exam and passed the county exam, the government exam and the academy exam, ranking first in high school. In the 11th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1498), he went to Beijing and obtained the first place in Xieyuan. The following year, Tang Yin went to Beijing to audition and was demoted as a Zhejiang official on suspicion of taking bribes in Cheng. Tang Yin was ashamed of being an official. After returning to China, he indulged in drinking and was arrogant and unruly.
At the age of 365,438+0, Tang Yin began to "walk the Wan Li Road", covering Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Fujian and Jiangxi provinces. Being poor, I make a living by selling paintings. Tang Yin is good at painting landscapes and meticulous figures, especially ladies, with elegant and clever brushwork. "Tang painting" was inherited by later painters. Works handed down from ancient times include Riding a Donkey, Autumn Wind and Sailing, Li, Marriage of a lifetime, Song of Mountain Road and so on. Poetry includes the complete works of six rulers.
In the fourth year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (1509), Tang Yin built a room in Taohuawu, including Xuepu Hall, Mengmo Pavilion, Zhuxi Pavilion, Mosquito Butterfly Zhai, etc. (Also known as Tangjiayuan, now located in Taohuawu Street). He lived mainly in Taohuawu for the rest of his life, and his major works of art were also produced here.
In his later years, Tang Yin's spirit was empty, and he "converted to Buddhism, named Liu Ru". His thoughts tended to get rid of depression and he renamed his house buddhist nun. In the second year of Ming Jiajing (1523), Tang Yin died at the age of 54. Tang Yin's Tomb, located in huqiu district, was renovated and opened to the public on October 22nd, 1986.
Ladies' painting reached its peak because of its natural and elegant, wild and uninhibited features, and the seal of "the first romantic talent in the south of the Yangtze River", so it was misunderstood by later generations, leaving many romantic legends, such as "Tang Bohu Chou Xiang San Fen" and so on. In fact, his life was bumpy, poor and miserable. It can be described as a typical example of China's ancient intellectuals' unsatisfied ability to serve the country.
Zhu Zhishan
Zhu Yunming (1460- 1526) was a calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, whose name was Xizhe and whose name was Shan Zhi. Because his right hand had an extra finger, he gave birth to his own finger. Changzhou (Suzhou), Jiangsu, was born into a Kuiru family of seven generations of officials. Together with Tang Bohu, Wen Zhiming and Xu Zhenqing, they are also called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as the Four Talents of Wumen).
He has been gifted and studious since childhood. At the age of five, he can write Chinese characters one foot square, and at the age of nine, he is called a "prodigy". /kloc-at the age of 0/0, he is well-read, with magnificent articles and extraordinary intelligence. At the age of 7, he was a scholar, and at the age of 32, he was a juror. He used to be an official in Xingning County and Yingtianfu. Because of his wandering nature and dissatisfaction with official corruption, he resigned and returned to the Soviet Union under the pretext of making friends, inviting guests to drink heavily and cooking wine to relieve his worries, so as to vent his anger.
Zhu Zhishan is one of the "three great calligraphers in the middle of Ming Dynasty". His calligraphy absorbed the calligraphy of Yu Shinan in Tang Dynasty and Zhao Mengfu in Yuan Dynasty, and promoted the cursive scripts of Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi and Tang Huaisu in Jin Dynasty. It is known as "the first in Ming Dynasty" and "the painting of Tang Bohu, the word of Zhu Zhishan". Zhu Zhishan's Liu Ti Shi Fu Juan, Du Fu Cao Shu, Nineteen Ancient Poems, Tang Cao Shu, Cao Shu and Han Juan are all masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. Although Zhu Yunming has no famous paintings, he can also draw, but he rarely writes, and even fewer works have been handed down from generation to generation.
Zhu Zhishan is funny, unrestrained and talented, and likes to travel around informally. Because Zhu Yunming has countless interesting anecdotes, he is a very ready-made creative material. He often appears in many opera works such as San Xiao, The Tiger King Snatches His Parents with his resourcefulness, eloquence and helpfulness.
In Zhu Zhishan, there are still books handed down from generation to generation, such as the Warring States Policy, News, Nine-inch Letters, Before Shan Zhi, Floating Objects, Records of Old Monsters, Bian Xiao, Huaixingtang Collection and Xingning County Records by Su Cai.
Jiajing died in the fifth year (1526) at the age of 67. After his death, Zhu Zhishan was buried in Zhu's ancestral grave in Hengshan, a suburb of Suzhou, but the grave has been leveled.
Wen Zhiming
(1470 ~ 1559), whose first name is wall, the word Ming, and the later word Zhong, Zhiyun, is a layman in Hengshan, posthumous title. Changzhou (now Suzhou) people. One of the founders of Wu Pai. Together with Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan and Xu Zhenqing, they are also called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as the Four Talents of Wumen). It is also called "Ming Sijia" with Shen Zhou, Tang Bohu and Chou Ying. At the age of 54, at the age of 54, Gong Sheng tried to be an official. He was awarded a letter to imperial academy, so he called it a letter to be served.
Wen Zhiming was born in a scholarly family, and his grandfather and father were both writers. But Wen Zhiming was not clever when he was young. A little longer, he studied literature in Wu Kuan, books in Li Yingzhen and painting in China, and finally "became a late bloomer".
Wen Zhiming is good at landscapes, flowers and people. In his early years, he was meticulous in painting, extensive in middle age and mellow in his later years. Masterpieces handed down from generation to generation include Thousand Rock Competitions, Thousand Rivers Striving for Flows, Lady Xiang Jun, Shihu Caotang, Shihu Poetry and Painting, Hengtang Poetry, Tiger Hill Map, Tian Ping Travel Map, Lingyan Mountain Map, Dongting Xishan Map, Humble Administrator's Garden Map and so on.
Wen Zhiming also used ICBC's cursive script, especially the fine print, and seal, official and grass were omnipotent. The four-character script in the book has become a model for future generations to copy. Together with Zhu Yunming and Wang Chong, they are called the "three outstanding calligraphers" of China in Ming Dynasty. His masterpieces handed down from generation to generation include "A drunkard's sake is not wine", "Preface to the Royal Pavilion" and "Fu on the Red Wall".
Wen Zhiming, who died at 1559, is the oldest of the "Four Talented Men". Its tomb is in Wenling Village, the land tomb of Wuxian County. Now it is a key cultural relics protection unit in Jiangsu Province.
Xu Zhenqing
Xu Zhenqing (1479-151year) is called Long Valley and Guo Chang. A native of Meili Town, Changshu, he moved to Wuxian (now Suzhou). Ming dynasty writers. Together with Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan and Wen Zhiming, they are also called "Four Talents in Jiangnan" (also known as the Four Talents of Wumen). It is praised by people because of the quatrain that "every family in Jiangzuo is rich in jade and Yangzhou is full of flowers and trees".
Xu Zhenqing was born smart, but not very liberal. 16 years old wrote "Qian Xin Collection", which is famous in Wuzhong. However, he tried many times in his early years. After reading Li Sao, he wrote a collection of sighs. You Jiang Ji, written in the 14th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (150 1 year). In the 16th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1503), he co-edited New Records of Taihu Lake with Wen Zhiming. In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1505), I heard that Tatar invaded and the officers and men failed in the Anti-Japanese War, so I wrote a long poem "You Yu Tai". In the same year, he was buried, and was awarded the deputy curator of the left temple of Dali Temple. In the fifth year of Ming Dynasty (15 10), he was demoted to Dr. imperial academy.
Xu Zhenqing occupies a special position in the field of poetry, and there are many poems, known as "Xiong Wen". Later, he befriended Li Mengyang and He Jingming, writers of the Ming Dynasty, repented, and advocated retro. Together with He Jingming, Bian Gong, Kang Hai and Wang, they are called "the first seven sons". Qin Yi Lu, written by him, only talks about the Han and Wei Dynasties, but ignores the theory of restoring ancient ways after the Six Dynasties. His poems are elegant in style and gallop between Han and Tang Dynasties. Although deliberately retro, there is still a romantic feeling in Wuzhong.
Xu Zhenqing believed in Taoism in his later years and studied health preservation. Zheng De died in the sixth year of Ming Dynasty (15 1 1) at the age of 33, and his tomb was located at the northern end of Yujiabang, Wandian Bridge at the foot of Huqiu Mountain. Xu Huiqing's other works include The Land, Yi Wen and Lin Yi.
Su Shi: The most talented great writer and artist in the cultural history of China is really an indescribable miracle in the cultural history. He made first-class achievements in the main mainstream cultural fields at that time, such as poetry and literati painting. Anyone who has made such achievements in one of these fields will be immortal. Su Shi is both wise and brave, which is really amazing! His prose, in particular, represents the highest achievement of China's classical literary prose and complements Sima Qian's historical prose in the Western Han Dynasty. I think that in the 5,000-year cultural history, there are many people who study harder, have more experience and have a more bumpy fate than Su Shi. But if they can have one tenth of Su Shi's achievements, they will be called geniuses only once in 500 years. Therefore, talent accounts for 99% of Su Shi's achievements, and diligence and others account for 1%. Such a genius only comes once every five thousand years, which is once in ten thousand years.
Li Bai: This madman and alcoholic, with his wild imagination and superhuman talent, made him the greatest romantic poet in the history of China literature. Li Bai and Su Shi are the most childlike geniuses in the history of literature, while Li Bai is more naive, free and dissolute. The word "poetry fairy" is really his most correct name. He is like a fairy who sings those graceful poems in space, making the 5,000-year-old poetry world his exclusive paradise. It's difficult to get through the Shu Road, sleepwalking in the sky, drinking wine, and 59 ancient poems. Those celestial quatrains are all the stars he picked casually. Li Bai is described in the following words: "Zi's article was written by people. When the earth opens, clouds evaporate and rain falls. Sowing everything is great. Ingenious nature, manpower and application? Another example is the long river, which is boundless. Ten thousand diarrhea, especially at the end. As for words, as for this. I am in a good mood and carry forward my greatness. "
Cao Xueqin: The great novelist who wrote the fantastic book A Dream of Red Mansions, although it is only more than 200 years away from modern times, has excavated less than one tenth of Li Bai's life information more than/kloc-0.000 years ago. However, this does not affect his becoming the rarest genius after Li Bai. It is no exaggeration to say that A Dream of Red Mansions is not only the history of China literature, but also the greatest novel in the history of world literature. Together, Sauron's three representative works will not be half as great as A Dream of Red Mansions. In a few hundred years, when China is revived to become the world's number one power, China culture becomes a world-class scholar, and Chinese becomes the most popular language in the world, the status of A Dream of Red Mansions as a world novel is bound to be recognized by the world. A Dream of Red Mansions is simply a complete character spectrum, a complete compilation of styles, an encyclopedia of life and an encyclopedia of history. Reading A Dream of Red Mansions once is equivalent to living the world again. With a novel, he became an outstanding scholar for 200 years. At all times and in all countries, only Cao Shi.
Qu Yuan: Qu Zi didn't want to be a poet, but he was forced to become a great poet. This politician, who became a poet by chance, made a few complaints because his political ambitions could not be put into practice, which opened the romantic poetry tradition of a great nation. Many writers deliberately want to open a school, but it is only a flash in the pan; And this haggard old man who cares about the country and people all day long has become a star in Wen Yuan, complaining, asking a few questions and singing a few sad songs. Li Sao, in particular, is still the greatest work in poetry. He couldn't find a decent poet for 500 years, but he was able to write the greatest poem in the whole literary history in his childhood. This skill can't be explained except by genius.
Xu Wei: This is a real mental derangement and a real all-round artist after Su Shi. His poetry, calligraphy, painting, and opera are widely read and have achieved great success, which can almost be compared with Dongpo. In particular, the unique painting style of freehand brushwork flower-and-bird painting initiated by him reversed the position of flower-and-bird painting in the painting world, and finally became the mainstream variety of China painting in the past 400 years. Zheng Banqiao claimed to be Xu Wei's "running dog", and Qi Baishi's "hate not being born for three hundred years, grinding ink for the green vine". However, his life has been intertwined with poverty, disease, intrigue, suspicion, death and violence, and his life has been bumpy and his fate has been troubled. He began to learn painting in middle age, and began to devote himself to literary and artistic creation only after the publication of the case of killing his wife at the age of 53. In those crumbling houses, a man who turned from the south to the north spent the last twenty years of his life and reached a peak in the history of art. When reading Yuan Hongdao's Biography of Xu Wenchang, I often sigh: I have been jealous of talents since ancient times, but my nature cannot change!
Li Zhi: If China and the world embarked on the capitalist road in the Qing Dynasty, then Li Zhi will undoubtedly become Rousseau in China and Voltaire in the East. Four hundred years ago, this great thinker boldly put forward the idea of equality that "princes are equal to Shu Ren", pointing out that the essence of "loyalty to the monarch" is "ignorance" and requires the free development of human nature. He is the only master in China who has kept up with the world trend of thought for more than two thousand years since the thought of Qin and Han Dynasties was imprisoned.
Sima Qian: Many historians in later generations are not inferior to him, because he took the road of Wan Li, studied in thousands of books and collected historical materials of Hongfu. However, in order to write a poem "A historian's swan song, Li Sao has no rhyme", you must have extraordinary talent to do it. Sima Qian wanted to die when he was brutally imprisoned. He doesn't need to write history, but he clearly knows that only his genius can complete a once-in-a-lifetime historical masterpiece.
Du Fu: Modern rhythmic poetry finally matured here, finally reached its peak here, and finally made a breakthrough here. When the seven-character verse became the highest form of classical poetry, Du Fu, with his peerless genius who was good at dancing with shackles, sat in the highest hall near the body verse. Du Fu's genius is the most easily overlooked genius, but the history of literature has long proved that in the field of metrical poetry, no one can achieve one-tenth of Du Fu's achievements by hard work.
Tang Xianzu: After watching Tang Xianzu's plays and the translated Shakespeare's plays, I feel that the language is chewy. I don't understand English and Shakespeare's original works, but if Shakespeare is the most talented drama master in the English world, then Tang Xianzu is undoubtedly the most talented drama master in the Chinese world. If Shakespeare had read The Peony Pavilion, he might be ashamed to stop writing.
Cao Zhi: As a representative of Jian 'an literature, he is a great poet who is best at describing beautiful women in the history of literature. His romantic poems are extremely romantic, and his tragic poems are extremely tragic. "Beauty demon and idle, mulberry tour. Soft strips are in Ran Ran, and the leaves return to the roots! " This sentence alone overshadowed all the poems describing beautiful women.