Shi Huai's Confucian works have five distinct characteristics: First, he interprets the classics. That is to say, the annotations after the Tang and Song Dynasties are pushed away and the Confucian classics are understood by reading the original text. Because in these classics, the meaning of the previous article is often clearly explained in the following sentences. As long as the two chapters are linked, we can naturally understand the original ideas of the classic authors. The Analects of Confucius is basically written in this way.
The second is the combination of history and history. That is to compare, compare and integrate Confucian classics with related historical books to study the thoughts expressed by the classic authors at that time. The Analects of Confucius, for example, combines the Analects of Confucius with historical sites in the Spring and Autumn Period to see the social and political chaos at that time, so as to see the greatness of the cultural spirit initiated and established by Confucius. Mencius Bypass, combined with the seven classics of Mencius and the relevant historical materials in the Warring States period, illustrates Mencius' spirit of helping the world.
The third is the introduction of side labels. With his profound knowledge, including the essence of a hundred schools of thought, Mr. Huai concentrates on the theories of the past and the present in one furnace, and can often learn from others and solve the problems that have always discouraged famous artists. For example, the seven levels of "knowledge, control, determination, quietness, security, consideration and success" mentioned in "Great Learning" are the characteristics of education and learning in China's traditional pre-Qin culture, and also the Confucian self-cultivation kung fu. Although these "seven certificates" have a great influence on later generations, universities have not specified how to practice them. The neo-Confucianists since the Song and Ming Dynasties are all confined to their own opinions, so they can't make it clear. Master Huai used Buddhism and Taoism to explain the "seven defenses" kung fu in "A Brief Introduction to Universities", thus surpassing the previous views.
The fourth is the explanation in simple terms. Teachers who teach and write books like to make profound truths easy to understand, with approachable attitude and humorous language. The Book of Changes, for example, always gives people a mysterious feeling. Shi Huai's two Yi-ology works won the answers with unique and wonderful enlightenment, which made the profound Yi-ology deeply rooted in people's hearts. Through Shi Huai's explanation, readers will find that the Book of Changes is actually an easy learning.
The fifth is to connect ancient and modern times. The greatest feature of Shi Huai's Confucian works is that "the past and the present have changed, which is a common saying". In his view, the "Four Books" and "Five Classics" both have values beyond time and space, but understanding these classics should be combined with the changes of the times. In The Analects of Confucius and A Brief Comment on Universities, Shi Huai not only helps readers to understand the thoughts of classic authors in connection with present and present events, but also often points out the route and direction that his nation and country should take in the future according to the cultural trends of the modern world. Therefore, Shi Huai's works bridge the gap between ancient and modern cultures and become a bridge for contemporary China people to understand traditional culture.
The second category of the complete works is Buddhist works. This part has the largest number of works, including Zen Sea Divination, etc. 17 kinds. Buddhism is a systematic summary and great change of ancient Indian culture. After the Han Dynasty was introduced to China, it came into contact with China's Confucianism and Taoism, and experienced a process from conflict to integration, which gradually became an important part of China's traditional culture. It can be said that since the Six Dynasties, China culture is a cultural form formed by the confluence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Therefore, understanding the traditional culture of China is inseparable from the study of Buddhism.
Buddhism still has its important value in today's world. Nowadays, all mankind takes modernization as their social goal. Although modernization has brought about material progress, it has also caused social morbidity. Rationalization is the keynote of modernization, and the most powerful expression of rationalism is science and technology. Technology rooted in science actually shapes the characteristics of the modern world. Max Weber, a German thinker, calls this modern rationality "instrumental rationality" because it only involves the rationality of means and tools to achieve specific goals, while ignoring the value of life. Herbermas, a contemporary representative of Frankfurt School in Germany, pointed out: "A high degree of instrumental rationality leads to the arbitrary decision of scientific and technological consciousness and the colonization of the living world." In today's world, people are busy chasing material wealth, but they lose themselves in their busyness. People gradually alienated themselves into things, and life became an accessory of things. Man is alienated from nature, society, family and himself, cutting off the ancient connection with spiritual home. On the surface, people still regard happiness, success or creation as their goal in life, but in fact there is no goal. People feel more and more empty, anxious, fidgety, lonely, lonely and desperate, resulting in a feeling called "wandering soul" by American sociologist Peter Berger. Therefore, how to calm people's minds is becoming more and more important for a perfect life.
At this time, people suddenly turned around and rediscovered the significance of religion to life. Religion, only religion can meet the psychological needs of human beings to surpass themselves and pursue eternity, perfection, truth, goodness and beauty. This is a function shared by all religions. Therefore, people's religious spirit may change their form of existence, but it will not disappear. Western Christianity advocates relying on God's salvation to achieve this transcendence. However, the concept of "God is omnipotent" has collapsed under the impact of modern rational spirit. People no longer think that the earth is the center of the universe. God created the world and also created human beings. God is omnipotent. In Nietzsche's words, "God is dead". People can give up the illusion that God is the "savior", but they can't live without religious spirit and give up the spiritual need to transcend themselves. Buddhism has not been dragged down by this concept of "savior". It teaches people self-esteem and self-confidence and relies on their own strength to get rid of the pain of life and death. Therefore, Buddhism can shoulder the mission of calming people's hearts and enhancing the value of life. This is the fundamental reason why Buddhism is gradually spreading around the world from east to west today.
Shi Huai 17 kinds of Buddhist works can be roughly divided into three parts: Buddhist scripture interpretation, Zen Buddhism and Buddhist practice. There are five explanations of Buddhist scriptures: the explanation of the great meaning of Lengyan Sutra, the explanation of the great meaning of Lengga Sutra, the introduction of Jue Yuan Sutra, what the Diamond Sutra said, and the pharmacist's view of saving the world. Because most of the Chinese Buddhist scriptures circulated in the past were translated before the Tang Dynasty, the language is old and the meaning is obscure. What's more, it takes thousands of years to understand and explain, which is completely different from ancient times to modern times. Therefore, ordinary readers find Buddhist scriptures difficult to read and often daunting. However, once these Buddhist scriptures are explained by teachers, they become easy to understand and are loved by readers at all levels of culture. The characteristics of teacher Huai's explanation of Buddhist scriptures are: on the one hand, the combination of translation and interpretation, on the premise of maintaining the meaning of the original words and sentences, tells the great significance in modern language; On the other hand, the essence of Buddhism is explained by modern physical principles. For example, Master Huai recommended the Shurangama Sutra as the outline of all Buddhism. This classic systematically summarizes the core essence of Buddhism. It not only pointed out the method of pointing directly at people's hearts and understanding the nature of Buddha for Nina Li Chi, but also showed the method, order and various conveniences of spiritual practice for those who were deeply rooted. Gu Xian said: "Since reading Leng Yan, I haven't read the book of human dross." . This shows the position of Shurangama Sutra in the traditional culture of China. Master Huai pointed out that the Shurangama Sutra began with seven points of knowing the mind and eight points of returning, and explained the principle of the unity of mind and matter layer by layer. Master Huai made a modern explanation of this in the Interpretation of the Great Meaning in the Leng Yan Jing, explaining how the Leng Yan Jing proved the principle of the material world from the physical and mental experiments, and how to point out the theory and method of the physical and mental liberation experiments from the physical category. It tells us that the monism of mind and matter in Buddhism is not only an ideological theory, but also based on people's actual psychological situation, which can be proved by experiments. Therefore, Buddhism does have scientific verification and philosophical argumentation.
Of course, Buddhist scriptures are not only difficult to read, but also difficult to read because of their abstruse contents. If you can't understand the reasons, be good at distinguishing methods, concentrate your thoughts and proceed from real practice, it will be difficult to get a glimpse of their teaching. For example, Shurangama Sutra is recognized as one of the most difficult Buddhist scriptures to read. Su Zizhan once said: "The meaning of coldness is quiet, and the style of writing is simple. Scholars may not make sentences, but those who leave the article and forget its meaning will be concerned." Under a teacher's careful study of knowledge, he made great efforts to the Shurangama Sutra, thinking carefully, distinguishing clearly, analyzing rigorously, summing up arguments and integrating them into his heart. Therefore, he clearly clarified the clue of the Shurangama Sutra for readers in his interpretation of the righteousness: at first, in the Sutra, 65,438+008 philosophical questions about life were put forward through the mouth of great wisdom, but the Buddha did not answer them one by one. Instead, it is to confess one's own mind, nature and phase, and to discriminate five methods, three self-natures, eight senses and two non-selves respectively, thus leading to metaphysics. It can be seen that the purpose of Shurangama Sutra is directed at the physical and mental life of life and the fundamental nature of the universe. With the help of Shi Huai, Lunga's meaning is obvious.
Shi Huai's lecture not only clarified the background for readers, but also pointed out the main points that are easy to learn. For example, in China culture, the Diamond Sutra is a Buddhist sutra with great influence. It is unique in that it transcends all religions and includes all religions, not limited to the scope of Buddhism. For thousands of years, countless people have studied and recited the Diamond Sutra, and gained enlightenment from it. What is the mystery of the Diamond Sutra? In the Diamond Sutra, Master Huai pointed out: The focus of this sutra is kindness and caring for thoughts, which is the road from ordinary people to enlightenment, and so are saints and ordinary people. What do you care? To learn Buddhism is to prove Taoism, and the highest state of Buddhism's preaching Taoism is called nirvana. Nirvana is not death, nirvana is perfection, neither life nor death, neither coming nor going, and it is always pure. How to protect your mind? You shouldn't have a place to live and you shouldn't have been born. Being unmoved is the idea of keeping inner peace. Even in turmoil, it is quiet, as if it were still. For another example, the classic of pharmacologists is an easy-to-understand Buddhist scripture. Master Huai pointed out in The View of Salvation in the Classic of Pharmacists that the 12 wish of the pharmacist Buddha is the focus of this classic, which shows the greatness of the Mahayana spirit of saving the world and saving people. If readers grasp this key point, it will be easy for them to read the classics of pharmacologists. For another example, The Jue Yuan Sutra is a canon that guides all living beings to practice Buddhism. It is recorded that Sakyamuni Buddha answered the questions raised by 12 Bodhisattva. These 12 bodhisattvas have different shapes and represent the practice method of 12. In Jue Yuan Jinglue, Master Huai clearly put forward the key points of how to understand nature, how to cultivate, cultivate outlook and cultivate Zen. Master Huai often cites a large number of examples to explain the truth when explaining Buddhist scriptures. In "Jue Yuan Jinglue", when it comes to seeing the ground, revising the certificate and making a wish, there are examples to explain in detail. Many examples are Shi Huai's own experience. In "The View of Saving the World in Pharmacologists' Classics", Shi Huai often takes his own personal experience as an example and explains it in combination with the classics, so even if he goes deep into the most subtle place, readers will certainly be able to understand it.
Master Huai's Zen works include Exploration of the Zen Sea, Introduction to Zen and Taoism, Meditation Video, Zen Talk, Zen Forest System and China Society. Of course, most of the books on Buddhist revision are related to Zen, and they are listed separately for the convenience of narration. Since the Song Dynasty, Zen has gradually become the mainstream of Buddhism. Buddhists in the world say that there are countless Zen people, and Buddhist temples are everywhere. However, most people know nothing about the purpose of Zen, from meditation to playing games. In today's world, there are few reasonable and practiced meditators like Shi Huai. Therefore, if only in terms of this achievement, it is well-deserved that Nan is a contemporary Zen master.
The Record of Zen Sea is Shi Huai's most important work on Zen, which not only records Shi Huai's meditation experience all his life, but also is an original work on Zen. Shi Huai began with a clear understanding of meaning and position: the purpose of Zen is to understand nature and achieve Buddhism. Collect quotations extensively, denounce all kinds of Zen sayings, know how to understand Zen and grasp phrases, and explore the source of Zen. Teacher Huai emphatically expounded the truth of Zen and teaching, epiphany and gradual enlightenment. Buddhism in China has roughly ten branches. All branches except Zen practice their own teachings (classics, laws and doctrines), and only Zen advertises "no words, pointing directly at people's hearts, seeing nature and becoming Buddha". Later, Zen disciples thought that they could abandon the study of Confucian classics and Tibetan Buddhism and realize Taoism. In fact, the relationship between Zen and teaching theory is that "the words are reasonable, and the Buddha says that Sanzang teaches twelve points, all of which depend on it." If pushed to the extreme, a word can't stand, which is already the second meaning. "Master Huai pointed out: Although Gude of Zen did not necessarily learn teaching methods before entering Zen, most of them were familiar with righteousness before or after enlightenment and integrated with the school of mind. Therefore, Zen practitioners should not neglect to study Buddhist scriptures, but should review the old and learn new things and integrate various theories.
At the beginning, Zen flaunted "no words", hoping to get rid of dogma and open a way of thinking for Buddhists trapped in various theories of words and drama in a unique way, and enter a world full of confidence and vitality. By the end of the Tang and Song Dynasties, the living style of Zen had become a dead word, and the founders of various factions had to do some different things, such as talking, watching the case, holding fists and drinking sticks. In order to inspect scholars and temper their knowledge. However, later generations of meditation practitioners gave up the roots and pursued the end, and they died of old age and never came out again. In view of this, Shi Huai did not take talking as a real method, did not take drinking as a family style, and returned to the true colors of Zen.
Zen started from Hongren, the fifth ancestor, and was divided into north and south, with the southern Sect having an epiphany and the northern Sect gradually practicing. Southern Buddhism swept the world in later generations. Meditators think that Zen Buddhism does not need meditation, but only needs an epiphany in one machine and one environment to get the Tao. Master Huai pointed out: "It is gradually gaining experience to do the great cause of Tibetan Buddhism and unify all practice methods. It is the founder of Zen Buddhism, and the epiphany in words is also accumulated by fumigation. " Therefore, Zen practitioners must pay attention to cultivation. As to whether to practice first, then realize the Tao, then practice at the same time, or practice after realizing the Tao, Shi Huai thinks that although the three theories are different, the Tao is a family with different roots, so there is no need to argue with each other. Master Huai's Zen method not only combines the secret knowledge of Buddhism, but also runs through the words of Confucianism and Taoism. Relative to quantity, it will be unified and unique.
Meditation video is the opening quotation of Master Huai, who presided over the Seven Meditations over the years, and the practice report of ten aspects of learning. Through this article, readers can get a glimpse of the real Zen style. Zen Seven is intended to collect evidence during meditation to understand the true meaning of life and the reasons for the cycle of life and death, so as to transcend life and death. Referring to Zen Buddhism, Shi Huai adopted the method of Tang and Song Dynasties. Because of the different habits and troubles of all beings, he broke the traditional seven-stroke method, laughed and scolded, and taught students in accordance with their aptitude. Readers will have a deeper understanding of Shi Huai's Zen thoughts and attainments by reading The Exploration of Zen Sea. The first half of An Introduction to Zen and Taoism tells the purpose, origin and influence of Zen on China culture. Zen Talk introduces the case-solving of Zen in the past dynasties in a simple way, which can be called a popular Zen history. Zen Jungle System and China Society The characteristics, origin and evolution of Zen Jungle System are introduced in detail. These three books introduce the knowledge about Zen from different aspects.
There are five books for practicing Buddhism, namely, Meditation for Immortality, Initial Practice of Wisdom, Basic Belief of a Buddhist Learner, Study on the Positive Pulse of Zen Buddhism and How to Practice Buddhism. Learning Buddhism is different from learning other knowledge. We should not only learn Buddhist theory, but also practice it. Seeing the ground, practicing certificates and making wishes are the outlines that must be adhered to in studying Buddhism and practicing, which are inseparable. Master Huai pointed out in "Basic Beliefs of Buddhists" that realizing wishes is the basis of practicing all Buddhism. A Buddhist student must base his faith on the great wish of the Bodhisattva, so as to break through the evil karma caused by many troubles and achieve Bodhi Tao. In his book, he explained the secret meaning of Hua Yan Putin's Fairy Wish and made public the realization of Pu Xian's wish. How to Practice Buddhism is one of the most important works of Master Huai. He gave an incisive explanation and specific guidance on the practical steps of learning Buddhism and practicing, and corrected the confusion, mistakes and unconscious mistakes on the road of practicing. "Ding Hui Chu Xiu" is a lecture on how to stop seeing, fix and repair wisdom, which is suitable for beginners. Among them, "Viewing the Great Righteousness of Buddhist Scriptures with Infinite Life" focuses on the introductory knowledge of the method of cultivating pure land, expounds the relationship between pure land and Zen and knowledge-only learning, and eliminates the misunderstanding that cultivating pure land is only unintentional to say Buddhist names. Mahayana must be based on Hinayana. What is the practice of Hinayana? In the study of the positive pulse of Zen, Master Huai taught the practice of Zen based on the secret method of Zen. Through the practice of this concept, the impurity of our body will truly appear in our hearts, which will help us get rid of the body view and then see emptiness. Meditation and Immortality is the most authoritative work on meditation practice. In the book, Master Huai integrates the meditation principles of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, absorbs the knowledge of Tibetan secret qi, points out various methods, comments on the practice experience of monks from all walks of life in cooperation with Chinese and Western medicine, teaches correct dharma practice, and answers various questions about the change of qi and pulse reaction. Master Huai's practical teaching of Buddhism is unique in the world today. He not only combines the knowledge of Buddhism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Chinese and Western medicine, religion, philosophy and science, but more importantly, he has worked hard for decades. Master Huai's meditation kung fu has been scientifically appraised. Dr. Zhou Xiaoru, Director of Orthopedic Department of Taiwan Railway Hospital, and Dr. Zhuo, Director of Anesthesiology Department of Zhongxing Hospital, used testing instruments to test the physiological status of pregnant teachers in time. I found that there was a straight line on his ECG, and there was no fluctuation. Science has proved that the "stopping pulse" of meditation is really true.
In addition, Shi Huai's Buddhist works included in the complete works include A Brief History of the Development of Buddhism in China, Tantric Taoism and Oriental Mysticism. A Brief History of the Development of Buddhism in China is a concise history of Buddhism. The process from the origin of Indian Buddhism to the introduction of Buddhism into China has reached the present situation of Buddhism in contemporary countries all over the world, providing clear clues for understanding the historical origin of Buddhism. Taoism, tantra and oriental mysticism introduce the principles of Yijing, traditional Chinese medicine, immortal alchemy and Tibetan tantra, explain the true meaning of tantra, and expose the illusion of religious mysterious rituals. As Mr. Huai said: in human culture, mysticism has been circulating from ancient times to the present, like religion and non-religion, like philosophy and non-philosophy, and also like religion and philosophy. As an ancient civilization with a long history and culture, China is one of the cradles of mysticism. In the past, mysticism was popular because of its mystery. People often attached importance to it, quoted fairy tales and even gathered people to collect money. If we can carry forward the scientific spirit, discard the false and retain the true, discard the useless and preserve the essence, we can still find many valuable cultural heritages from it.
The third kind of complete works are academic works about Taoism, mainly "The Theory of Old He Zi" and "A Brief Introduction to the Development History of Taoism in China". In addition, some chapters in the aforementioned Buddhist works, such as Introduction to Zen and Taoism, Meditation and Immortality, and Tantric Taoism and Oriental Mystery, are also about Taoist knowledge. Taoist culture is one of the mainstream of traditional culture in China. Taoist scholars from Lao Zi, Lie Zi and Zhuang Zi are "all-round, extensive and profound". Since the Han Dynasty, Taoism has changed and concentrated on Taoism, and its "general history" will inevitably lead to the disadvantages of "disorder, grotesque and fragmentation". Therefore, in modern society, scholars often regard Taoist culture as superstition, and even a group of ignorant people assume that Taoism itself has no ideological scholarship, but only plagiarizes Buddhism. Mr. Huai learned Taoism in his early years and gained samadhi, so he admired Taoist culture to the utmost. He once said: among Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, Buddhism pays more attention to birth. Although Mahayana of Buddhism also advocates joining the WTO to save all beings, monks themselves pay more attention to being born; Moreover, the knowledge of Buddhism begins with psychology and then enters the metaphysical way. Confucianism, based on the study of Confucius and Mencius, tends to enter the WTO. Although there are some born ideas, such as "great learning" and "golden mean", they tend to join the WTO, starting from ethics and then entering the metaphysical road. Taoism, Zhuangzi is better, can join the WTO, can also be born; Whether you go out or come in, let it be. In personal health? /ca & gt；