Algae is one of spore plants. There is no difference between roots, stems and leaves of plants. It contains chlorophyll, can carry out photosynthesis, is an autotrophic organism, and makes its own "food". The reproductive organs are mostly single cells, and the vast majority of algae plants live in water, which are widely distributed and varied. There are about 20,000 species on the earth, which are a group of ancient plants. There are mainly red algae, brown algae, green algae, cyanobacteria and so on.
Fungal plants are a kind of spore plants. It is a group of non-green plants without root, stem and leaf differentiation and chlorophyll. It can't make its own food. It's an heterotrophic plant. There are two ways of heterotrophy: parasitism and saprophy. There are about 90,000 known fungi. All bacteria are unicellular, and they usually divide and reproduce. Generally, it can be divided into three categories: bacteria, slime molds and fungi, among which bacteria and fungi are most closely related to human beings.
Lichen plants are a kind of spore plants. It is a special plant, and some fungi and algae live together. Simple structure, no roots, stems, leaves and other organs, but there are false roots to help lichen fix on rocks and bark. Lichen is known as "the pioneer of the plant world" because of its strong drought resistance, high temperature resistance, cold resistance and strong resistance to adverse environment. However, lichens are very sensitive to sulfur dioxide in the air, so it is difficult to survive near cities and factories. People take advantage of this feature and regard lichen as an indicator plant of air pollution.
Bryophytes are one of spore plants. It is a small green plant, which often grows on the ground or rocks in wet places and has false roots. There are about 40 thousand species, which are divided into two categories: moss and moss. Bryophytes have embryos, maternal protection and stems and leaves in the process of reproduction, belonging to higher plants. The most common bryophyte is pumpkin.
Pteridophyte is a kind of spore plants. It grows in the humid environment of forests and Shan Ye, and belongs to higher plants. Roots, stems and leaves are different, but they don't bloom and seed. Instead, many brown sporangia groups grow on the back edge of leaves, and spores are produced inside. It reproduces with spores, but fertilization is inseparable from water. Pteridophytes in modern life are mostly herbs, while ancient pteridophytes are tall trees. Due to the change of strata, most of them became extinct, and the remains were buried underground. After a long time, coal seams were formed.
Gymnosperms are one of the seed plants. Most of them are tall trees, belonging to higher plants, with about 800 species. The ovule of gymnosperms has no ovary coating, so the seeds formed are exposed without pericarp coating. This is the origin and main characteristics of gymnosperms. Fertilization of gymnosperms is not limited by water, and it is more suitable for land growth than ferns. There are many kinds of precious gymnosperms in ancient times (such as Ginkgo biloba, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, etc.). ) is preserved in China, so it is called "the hometown of gymnosperms".
Angiosperm is one of the seed plants. It is the highest class in the plant kingdom and has an absolute advantage on the earth, reaching almost 300,000 species. Their ovules are covered by ovaries, their seeds are not exposed, and their seeds are covered by a layer of pericarp, so they are called angiosperms. Angiosperms have real flowers, so they are also called flowering plants. Its fertilization function is not limited by water at all, and it has better adaptability to land environment. Compared with other plants, its structure is the most complex, complete and adaptable. The relationship with human beings is also the closest.
Green plants are plants containing chlorophyll. They can carry out photosynthesis and take organic matter as their own nutrition, so they are also called "autotrophic plants". Except for a few bacteria, fungi, some algae and some parasitic higher plants, common plants are green plants.
Non-green plants refer to plants that have no chlorophyll, cannot produce organic matter through photosynthesis, and must absorb existing organic nutrients to maintain their own lives, so they are also called "heterotrophic plants", including parasitic plants and saprophytes.
Parasitic plants refer to plants that are parasitic on other living bodies (called parasites or perennial plants), and they absorb nutrients from their hosts, such as dodder and mulberry mistletoe.
Saprophytic plants refer to plants that get nutrients from dead or decaying organisms, such as bacteria, most molds, yeasts, fungi, tremella, mushrooms and so on.
Terrestrial plants refer to plants that grow on land. According to their different requirements and adaptability to soil moisture, they can be divided into xerophytes, mesophytes and hygrophytes. According to their needs and light tolerance, they can be divided into sunny plants and shady plants.
Aquatic plants refer to plants that grow partially or completely under water, including aquatic algae, aquatic ferns and aquatic seed plants. According to the way aquatic plants adapt to the environment, they can be divided into four types: phytoplankton, submerged aquatic plants, floating aquatic plants and floating aquatic plants.