This letter is divided into five paragraphs, with distinct levels and distinct context.
The first paragraph comes straight to the point and explains the reasons for breaking up. At first, it was really "I am narrow-minded, I can't bear it, I know my ears with one step" and "I don't know my feet". The way to make friends is to get to know each other. It is clearly stated here that Dan Tao and I don't know each other. Obviously, the basis for announcing the exchange no longer exists. Next, point out the reason for writing this letter: "I am afraid that I will be ashamed to cut myself by myself. I hope to help myself by introducing a corpse." I recommend a sword in my hand, so I am full of jealousy, so I think I may step on Chen Qi. " The allusion to "crossing the line" here is very vivid. This classic is based on Zhuangzi's Free Travel. I used to run errands for the teacher, but I took the initiative to bring a chef instead. Ji Kang easily changed his point of view, saying that the chef dragged the priest into the water and completely changed the moral of the story. Ji Kang particularly emphasized the word "shame": I want to help myself because he feels guilty inside, because what he has done is cruel and dirty. He suddenly touched a sensitive place in Dan Tao's soul. The use of this allusion here has a wonderful effect of "taking a warning". The use of allusions in writing has always been divided into "dead classics" and "living classics". Like Ji Kang, painting at will and using it for me is a good example of success. At this point, the basic difference with Shanjuyuan has been clearly pointed out. Let's further develop our own views.
In the second paragraph, the author puts forward the principle of getting along with others. At first, this paper lists eleven historical figures, such as Laozi and Zhuangzhou, and through the comments on their deeds, expounds the truth of "moving with nature, each has his own security". On the surface, Ji Kang has nothing to do with being an official or retiring. He praised Dan Tao as a "mediator". However, after reading the above, it is not difficult to understand the moral. Since under such circumstances, the official is inevitably contaminated with blood, then the "nature" of the official is self-evident. Therefore, Xu Xu became a bitter satire. Of course, this irony is completely silent, but the other party knows it and has a fever on his face. The ancients said "needle in cotton" and "thorn in mud", which refers to this implicit irony. After expounding the general principle of "following the nature", the author changed his pen: "Besides, Yanling high school students have the wind of hiding, and celebrating each other for a long time is like a festival, which is entrusted by the will and cannot be taken away." It is pointed out that the life path chosen by people according to their honest nature cannot be forcibly changed. This is a link between the preceding and the following.
The third paragraph describes his own nature and living conditions. After writing about some of his extremely lazy living habits, he used a metaphor: "This is a bird and a deer, which are rarely tamed, so they are subject to the teaching system;" If you look at the shackles for a long time, you will be crazy about tassels and go to the soup; Although decorated with gold guards, I think about the forest and the grass. "What an image! The bird understood the word at once. The author compares himself to a wild and untamed deer. He said to Dan Tao: Yes, you can get "golden bodyguards" and "exquisite dishes"-wealth and splendor, but I also know the price, which means sacrificing my most precious thing-"thinking more about the forest and aiming for abundant grass". Therefore, I would rather go through fire and water than this wealth trap. Writing here, there is no need to make abstract comments. The author has vividly described his noble and upright attitude towards life and his position of not compromising with evil forces.
However, the author refused to write it. In the fourth paragraph, he further enumerated Ruan Ji's persecution and pointed out that his contradiction with the court etiquette was more acute. Ji Kang summed up these contradictions into nine articles, that is, the famous "those who are inevitably unbearable are seven, and those who are not unbearable are ten." These nine articles stand side by side, rolling and running, and there is no room for the other party to have a say. Ji Kang's proud image of "Who can tame the dragon" is also presented to readers. This "seven can't, two can't" seems a bit crazy to us today, but at that time, it was caused by arrogance and political struggle. It is not surprising that the so-called "erudition is like madness" and "nothing can be achieved without madness". In this long passage, the author exaggerates two living environments: one is that Dan Tao tried to drag him in, that is, "official business is in the palm of his hand", "noisy place, variety", "shocking" and "don't move"; One is what he yearns for, that is, "fishing in the grass with one piano and one singing" and "watching fish and birds in the mountains". In contrast, it goes without saying that what is turbid and what is clear. At this point, the author's own life purport and refusal to cooperate have been fully described. In particular, the article "Not Tang Wu but Thin Kong Zhou" is tantamount to a declaration of breaking away from the Sima Group with Zoroastrianism as its ruling tool. This article later became an important cause of his death.
The following paragraph turns to each other and blames them for making friends carelessly. After enumerating four ancient and modern sages who "know their reason" and "know their nature, so they help them", the author used the method of restraining one and promoting the other. He said: this truth can only be understood by well-informed people. Of course you do. At first glance, it seems to be a promise of "success", but then came a big turning point: "You can't be complacent about Zhang Fu, but you are better than others. I am addicted to smelly rot and raise ducklings to kill rats. " It's like pointing your nose at Dan Tao: I thought you were a good friend, but you are like that stupid guy who forced the Vietnamese to wear a flowered hat, like an owl eating carrion. These two sentences are really enjoyable, which is the expression of Ji Kang's true nature of "stiff intestines and pathogenic factors". If the irony at the beginning still hits the nail on the head, this is tit for tat. From this, we can imagine the growing anger of the author when writing.
Finally, the author talked about his future plans, saying that he should "leave those things alone to protect his old age". This part is a little sharp. Because he is the leader of the occasion and the object of Sima's suspicion, he has to keep a low profile. But the attitude is still firm: "Once forced, it will be crazy, and it will not be like this." You can say that you would rather die than work. My contempt for Dan Tao is not over yet, so I stabbed him again at the end of the article: some savages enjoy drying their backs, while others regard celery as beautiful and want to give it to the king. Although sincere, it is unreasonable. "I hope this is not the first step." Quiet again, just teasing.
Liu Yuxi said: "Eight tones and political communication, articles contend with the times." Breaking Up with Juyuan Mountain is a mirror of political thoughts in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Intuitively, Dear John is Ji Kang's full confession, which not only describes his "let nature take its course" lifestyle, but also shows his arrogant and stubborn personality. However, the cognitive significance of breaking up does not stop there. On the one hand, we can appreciate the dark and sinister political atmosphere at that time from Ji Kang's angry words. On the other hand, Ji Kang is the leader of "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", and he has high prestige and considerable influence among scholars. Therefore, the life purport and mental state described in the dear John letter are representative to some extent, which partly reflects the social outlook and ideological trend at that time.
As a literary work, what attracts our attention more is its unique writing style. The evaluation of Ruan Ji in Wen Xin Diao Long Ming is "extreme Jun Qing, Shen Yao, Ruan Zhi". Zhong Rong's poems also evaluate Ji Kang's poems with "Qingyuan" and "Junqie". It shows that it is a temporary universal theory. Tasting works, this judgment is really appropriate. In addition, Moon Hee is famous not only for his poems of Qing Dynasty, but also for his poems of Qing Dynasty. What is "clarity"? Generally speaking, it is extraordinary in conception, concise in writing and thorough in meaning. This article talks about my purport, likes and dislikes, condescending, no one reads, laughs and scolds, and writes. Originally, this letter was written to politely decline the recommendation, but the author did not stick to this specific matter, but focused on the principles of being a man and the way to make friends, learning from the past and comparing people today. The so-called Qingyuan is here. From the writing point of view, Tao is talking about the way of dealing with the world, with the theme of "moving with the nature, each with his own security", describing his living habits and mental state, and then inferring that it is inevitable for him to be an official, and there should be only a retreat. Next, turn to the other party, and mark the way of making friends with "knowing their nature and helping them", and then blame the other party for being sorry for their friends. It looks comfortable on the surface, but it has a strong logical force in its bones. Coupled with the thorough and decisive words of "seven unbearable, two impossible", it can naturally be called "awesome". Liu's evaluation of Ji Kang's prose is "the prose is like a cocoon, endless", which is also the internal logic of focusing on this main line. Moon Hee's calm style bears an obvious mark of the times. On the one hand, at the end of the Han Dynasty, Wei Chu emphasized the rule of name and law, and his articles tended to be concise and thorough. On the other hand, the thought of extravagance and extravagance among literati influenced the article, and the so-called creative attitude of "learning from the heart" and "making the spirit" appeared. Subjective emotion was the leading force to drive pen and ink, so the author's own image was integrated into the work, and Ji Kang was called "Xia Jun" in "Carving a Dragon with a Literary Mind". When I read this dear John book today, didn't I really think there was a kind of "dragon" unruly chivalry in it? Like other stories, such as "Seven Unbearable" and "Two Inevitable", "Little Moon Curses Birds" and "Mei Qin Reveals the Secret", Ji Kang's condescending, laughing and cursing spirit is vividly embodied. In this sense, it can be said that with a distinctive personality, there is a distinctive style of writing. "Wen bian is related to the world, and the rise and fall are related to the time sequence." Under Sima's butcher's knife, the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" came back from the dead, which is so creepy and touching that it is rare to break up.
Attachment: Breaking up with Shanjuyuan
Break up with shanjuyuan
Ji kang
Kang Bai: I am used to calling me Yingchuan, and I have regarded him as my confidant. However, blame this and that, the meaning is not familiar with the first step, how to do it? When I came back from Hedong the year before last, Xian Zong and A both said that they should go first and discuss their own generation. Although things can't be done, you won't know if you are satisfied. There are many strange things to do in the first step. I am narrow-minded and unbearable, so I know you first. I don't like it when I hear that I want to go down; I'm afraid I'll be humiliated if I'm cut by others alone. I wish myself help by introducing a corpse, and recommend the sword in my hand, full of jealousy. Therefore, this is the first step for Chen Qi.
People who used to study and be introduced, or say nothing, now I believe that it really has ears. Sex is unbearable, but it is really not strong. Today's vague language is full of knowledge and talent, which is unbearable. External is not unusual, internal is correct. Like the whole life, just regret. Laozi, Zhuang Zhou, my teacher, also live in humble posts; Liu Xiahui and Dong Fangshuo, as well as talented people, are all humble. How dare I be short! Zhong Ni loves everything and is not ashamed of flogging; If there is no desire, the three boards make yin. Yes, it is a gentleman's intention to think about the economy. The so-called Danone, the good thing is perseverance, the bad thing is complacency and boredom. From this point of view, the monarch of Yao and Shun, the rock habitat of Yao and Shun, the assistant of ovary and the trip of Song are one of them. Looking up to a few princes can be described as people who can fulfill their ambitions. Therefore, a gentleman can do anything, all roads lead to the same goal, follow nature, and have their own security. Therefore, if you have a hospital, you will not go out, but you will not go into the mountains. And the wind of the son Zang, Changqing Mu Xiangru's festival, ambition.
You can't take away what you entrusted.
Every time I read the biographies of Shang Zi Ping Tai, I admire them and think they are human beings. Less lonely dew, mother and brother see arrogance, not involved in Confucian classics. No matter how lazy you are, your muscles are sluggish, and you often don't wash your hair and face on 1 month 15; It's not boring or itchy, so you can't take a shower. Every time I pee frequently, I can't help it.
A little cell rotation is an ear. I have lived for a long time, and my feelings are arrogant. Simplicity and politeness are opposites, laziness and slowness complement each other, and I am tolerant of my peers. Read "Zhuang" and "Lao" again and add more. Therefore, Jin Rong's heart is getting weaker and weaker, and the feelings of the stone man turned to Benedict. This is made up of birds and deer.
If it is difficult to train, it will obey the teaching system; If you look at the shackles for a long time, you will be crazy about tassels and go to the soup; Although it is decorated with gold bodyguards, it is good to eat food, thinking more about the forest and aiming at abundant grass.
Ruan Sizong's mouth is that no matter what others say, I learn from every teacher, but I can't. It's not harmful to things to be extraordinary, but it's too bad to drink. It is brought by the people of etiquette, and it is as sick as hatred. Fortunately, the general saved his ears. Not as good as the heir, but slow; Don't understand human feelings, it is darker than a machine; There is no caution, but there are fatigue, long-term contact with things, and growth defects. Although you want to be safe, can you get it? He is also polite and has laws to follow in court. He is self-sufficient and familiar, seven of them will endure, and two will not. Worthy got up late, but Guan Hu didn't say anything. It was the last straw. Singing with a musical instrument, I hooked the grass field, but the officers and men guarded it. I couldn't move, and I couldn't bear to part with it. Sitting in danger for a while, I can't shake my joint pain for a while [note 1], and my gender is so complicated that I have to scratch myself, but I have to wrap myself in a chapter and pay homage to the official. It's not convenient to write, and I don't like to write. But there are many things in the world, and if you don't pay each other, then sin will hurt your righteousness. If you want to force yourself, you can't stick to it for long.
It's amazing. I don't like mourning, but human beings value it. I have never seen the grievances of those who forgive, and I want to see the injured; Although Qu Ran blames himself, his nature cannot change. He has to be obedient to the customs, so ungrateful, and he will never get rid of the grievances, so unbearable. I don't like laymen, but I want to be with them
The * * * thing is that the guests are full, their ears are ringing and the place is full of noise. There are six things that can't be tolerated at present. The heart is impatient, but the official business is in the palm, and the maintenance is entangled in the heart. The world is complex, worrying and unbearable. Whoever is not a soup, his martial arts are thin and full of holes, more than the world.
This incident will show that the world will not tolerate it, which is not a good thing. You have a bowel disease, you call a spade a spade, and something happens. This is different. In order to carry forward the nature of caution and independence, it is not difficult to combine nine diseases. It is better to stay in the world for a long time when there is an internal disease.
I also heard the last words of Taoist priests, worshipping pavilions and Huang Jing, which made people live longer. I believe it very much. I'm glad to come to Shanze to see the fish and birds. If you are an official, it will be abolished. You can give up what you like and fear!
Knowing your wife's nature, you can help her. I don't force Bo to become a child, but all his festivals are complete. Zhong Ni was built in midsummer to protect its shortcomings. Near, don't force Yuan to take Shu directly, Hua Ziyu is not strong, young and weak. This can be said to be consistent and the truth is known. The first step is to regard the straight wood as a wheel and the composer as a chariot. The cover doesn't want to waste his genius, so do it right. Therefore, the four people have their own jobs and enjoy success. Only those who can achieve it can understand that this is the first step to the inner ear. Don't be complacent, Zhang Fu, who is better than who. I'm smelly and rotten, and I want to raise a small honeymoon to die. I learned the art of keeping in good health, so that I can shine outside, lose my taste, wander in loneliness, and have no value, no Jiu Nan, no matter what my first step is. I'm depressed again, and I'm more and more embarrassed. I'm trying to do it myself, and I can't be so unhappy as I am now. Since I have tried divination, if the road is exhausted, I will hear something. There is nothing wrong with the first step, let it turn to the ravine.
The new news that I lost my mother and brother is often sad. The woman is thirteen and the man is eight. She is underage, and her condition is complicated and sick. What can I say? Today, I hope to keep the humble hutongs and educate my children and grandchildren; When I get old, I talk about my life. Drink a glass of turbid wine, play the piano and volunteer to finish it. If you don't make mistakes, you want to be an official. If you are good, use your ears. The first step is to know that you are poor and careless, not as good as today's talents. If the layman likes glory, he can leave alone, which will be faster; This is the latest, so to speak. However, it is valuable to make your talents broad and all-inclusive, but you can't camp. If I am sick and sleepy, I just want to leave those things alone to save the rest of my life, which is really lacking. Can you see the yellow door? It's called true slaughter! If you are interested in * * * taking the road of kings, you will also be interested in each other. * * * is a kind of fun. Once forced, you will go crazy. Self-blame is heavy, not this.
Man Zi, who has a quick back and a beautiful Qin son, wants to offer the supreme. Although it is only a little interesting, it is already sparse. I wish I didn't like it. Its meaning is so. We should not only solve the first step, but also think from another angle. Ji