Characteristics of Fertilizer Requirement and Fertilization Techniques for Eggplant Vegetables
(1) Growth Characteristics and Fertilizer Requirement
Eggplant vegetables include tomatoes, eggplant and peppers, which are all harvested fruits. They are both warm-loving vegetables and fat-loving vegetables. Its root system is developed and its fertility is strong, among which eggplant has the strongest fertilizer absorption ability, followed by tomato, and pepper has the lower fertilizer tolerance ability. The whole growth period is obviously divided into vegetative growth period and the period when vegetative growth period is parallel to reproductive growth period, that is, seedling stage and flowering and fruiting stage. Therefore, corresponding measures should be taken in cultivation management to scientifically adjust the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. This vegetable with K>N>P has the highest absorption of potassium, and the order of absorption of various elements is K > N > P.
(2) Key points of high-quality and high-yield fertilization technology
(1) Pay attention to nutrient supply at seedling stage. The nutrient supply of solanaceous vegetables at seedling stage is very important, because the flower bud differentiation of these vegetables is at seedling stage, and the growth of seedlings directly affects the early maturity and yield, and even affects the quality of products.
The nutrients needed by seedlings are mainly provided by seedbed soil and substrate. Bed soil or other substrates used for seedling raising should be loose, fertile, breathable, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining. Generally, fully decomposed organic fertilizer is used, mixed and screened with mature and fertile garden soil, and appropriate amount of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer is added. Generally, no topdressing is needed at seedling stage, and 0.2% ~ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.2% ~ 0.3% potassium nitrate and urea can be sprayed on the leaves.
(2) The growth period of solanaceous vegetables with heavy basal fertilizer is long. After being planted in the field, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth go hand in hand for a long time, that is, it is necessary to continuously supply nutrients while growing branches and leaves. Therefore, before sowing, it is necessary to combine soil preparation and apply sufficient base fertilizer to ensure nutrient supply throughout the growing period. The amount of base fertilizer accounts for about 50% ~ 60% of the total fertilizer application, mainly decomposed organic fertilizer. With phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 25-30 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0/5-20 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride/kloc can be applied every 667 square meters. For fields with too thin fertility or weak seedling condition, available nitrogen fertilizer can be appropriately increased as topdressing, but decomposed human feces are the most suitable. Base fertilizer should be fully decomposed, 4000 ~ 5000 kg per 667 square meters, and fully mixed with soil.
(3) Graded topdressing is a kind of vegetables harvested in stages. After the fruit begins to bear fruit, the demand for nutrients is increasing, and the demand for nutrients is the highest in the full fruit period. Changing dressing by stages can ensure the supply in time. Generally, topdressing should be started after eggplant or the first ear fruit is set. Combined with harvesting, topdressing should be carried out 3-5 times every 15 days, and topdressing should be carried out again at full fruit stage to prevent premature aging.
Characteristics of Fertilizer Requirement and Fertilization Techniques for Cucumber Vegetables
(1) Growth Characteristics and Fertilizer Requirement
Cucurbitaceae vegetables include cucumber, pumpkin, wax gourd, gourd, loofah, melon, watermelon, bitter gourd and other cucurbitaceae vegetables that harvest young or old melons as product organs.
The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per 65,438+0,000 kg melon and fruit: cucumber absorbs N 2.8 ~ 3.2kg, P2O5 50.8 ~ 65,438+0.3 kg, K2O 3.6 ~ 4.4kg；; Wax gourd absorbed N 1.3 ~ 2.8kg, P2O50.6 ~ 1.2kg, K2O1.5 ~ 3.0kg. ..
(2) Key points of high-quality and high-yield fertilization technology
① Proper nutrient supply at seedling stage is short, but flower differentiation is still at seedling stage. Therefore, nutrient supply at seedling stage has an effect on seedling growth, flower bud differentiation, maturity and yield. It is necessary to choose fertile and loose garden soil, and add decomposed manure and a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as seedbed soil to raise seedlings, which is conducive to cultivating strong seedlings.
(2) According to the fertilizer demand characteristics of different melon crops, the growth period of melon crops with heavy base fertilizer and heavy topdressing is long, that is, vegetative growth and reproductive growth go hand in hand, and most of them are harvested continuously or at one time after maturity, but the fruiting habits and fertilizer demand characteristics of different melon crops are obviously different. Therefore, the use of base fertilizer and topdressing should be treated differently. Such as cucumber, bitter gourd, towel gourd and so on. Small fruit type, early fruiting and many melons, it belongs to tender fruit type melon in yield composition. Generally, when the vegetative organs grow to a certain size, they enter the stage of simultaneous vegetative growth and reproductive growth, which lasts for a long time, keeps bearing female flowers, keeps bearing fruits, and keeps harvesting, and needs constant supply of nutrients. However, cucumber has shallow roots, weak fertilizer absorption ability, intolerance to high concentration soil solution environment, and likes nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, the fertilization principle of cucumber is to pay equal attention to base fertilizer and topdressing, that is, on the basis of adequate base fertilizer application, combined with harvest, topdressing for many times, eating less and eating more meals.
Characteristics of fertilizer requirement of leafy vegetables: There are many kinds of leafy vegetables, and the main organs of products are vegetative bodies, mainly including Chinese cabbage, celery, spinach, lettuce and lettuce with tender leaves and bulbs. Among these vegetables, lobular vegetables need nitrogen most in the whole growth period; Large leafy vegetables also need more nitrogen, but at the peak of growth, more potassium fertilizer and appropriate phosphorus fertilizer should be applied. If the nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient in the whole period, the plants are short, the tissues are hard, the yield is low and the quality is poor. To apply fertilizer scientifically, we must first understand the element absorption of various vegetables, and then subtract the content of various nutrient elements in the soil. Then, according to the utilization coefficient of different fertilizers, the fertilization amount is greater than the nutrient absorption of vegetables, nitrogen is 1 ~ 3 times, phosphorus is 2 ~ 6 times, and potassium is 1.5 times. Attention should be paid to the application of organic fertilizer. Generally, it is required to apply more than 5 tons of organic fertilizer per 667 square meters greenhouse every year, and pay attention to the application of trace elements, rare earth fertilizers and biological bacteria fertilizers, less volatile fertilizers, and no immature organic fertilizers and chlorine-containing fertilizers with side effects, otherwise it will not only easily lead to soil degradation, but also cause fertilizer damage.