Liu Heng, the Emperor of Han Dynasty, was a successful emperor with political talent and general plan of governing the country in the early Han Dynasty. He was 23 years old when he acceded to the throne, and he was the son of Gaozu. During his 23 years in power, he continued to implement the policy of rest and recuperation. The main measures are as follows:

(1) further reduce taxes and corvees. Rent-free for continuous 12 years, and the corvee is changed to once every three years.

(2) Lighten punishment and abolish corporal punishment. What is corporal punishment (readable notes)? Penalties such as Mohe are criminal laws left over from the slavery era, and some torture is often beneficial to human disability. There is also a story about Emperor Wen abolishing corporal punishment. 12 years, Emperor Wendi ordered the punishment of Qi Taicang, a famous doctor, and his daughter Ti Ying wrote to Emperor Wendi, pointing out that corporal punishment was too cruel.

(3) advocating thrift. Wendi has a famous saying that "there is no need to be stingy in managing personnel", which means that he cherishes human and material resources. During his reign, "the palace, the garden, the car, the ride and the service have no income"; I stopped working on the terrace because of the pity of "100 gold, 10 people's wealth"; He also asked the harem "don't drag clothes, don't embroider curtains." He was cautious in politics all his life and was praised by scholars of all ages.

After the death of Emperor Wendi, Emperor Jingdi Liu Qi succeeded to the throne, and he continued to carry out the policy of sharing interest with the people. He has been in office for ten years, and his outstanding points are as follows: (1) Promulgating the imperial edict of attaching importance to agriculture: "Agriculture is the foundation of the world". (Reading the textbook quotations) shows that the government attaches great importance to agriculture, which means "the people are the foundation of the people and the people are the foundation of the country". Food and clothing are not from "fishing and hunting", but completely from here. Only by increasing grain output can people live and work in peace and contentment, improve people's livelihood and ensure the economy. Land rent will be reduced to 30 tax to encourage agricultural production. Corruption and perverting the law will be severely punished. On the one hand, the punishment of flogging will be reduced, prison escape will be lighter and prison affairs will be simplified. On the other hand, strengthen official management, punish corrupt officials, and stipulate severe punishment for corruption, bribery and official duties.

Therefore, the officialdom in the early Han Dynasty was relatively clean. What is "the rule of culture and scenery" can be summarized as: attaching importance to agriculture and mulberry, strict law and discipline, social stability and economic prosperity.

Why did the social situation of "the rule of culture and scenery" appear in the early decades of Han Dynasty? Because the rulers in the early Han Dynasty faced the situation of social and economic fragmentation, they took loving Qin's tyranny and subjugating the country as a lesson and regarded recuperation as the basic national policy of building the country and rejuvenating the country. The practice from Gaozu to Wenjing governance is successful, which shows that: on the one hand, the formulation of policies is correct; On the one hand, it can be seriously implemented, especially in the continuity of such implementation. Although the internal disputes of the ruling class in the early Han Dynasty were quite complicated and there were threats from Xiongnu outside, as a basic national policy of sharing interests with the people, several generations have not changed, which is undoubtedly very important for the economic recovery in the early Han Dynasty. The political system in the early Han dynasty basically followed the Qin system, but under the centralization, the enfeoffment system abolished in the Qin dynasty was restored. Implement the county system in parallel with the feudal system. As early as the Chu-Han War, in order to capture all the military forces and compete with the Chu army for the throne, Liu Bang once enfeoffed a number of kings with different surnames. Under the banner of the Han army, Liu Bang finally became emperor. Later, he thought that Zhao Wang could not be trusted and could only be used. Therefore, after he proclaimed himself emperor, he got rid of the king with different surnames under various excuses, and at the same time enfeoffed Liu's sons and nephews as the king with the same surname. As an auxiliary means to consolidate the central government in the Western Han Dynasty, the enfeoffment system played a positive role in the early Han Dynasty. However, due to the great privilege of enfeoffment system and the expansion of power, the contradiction between centralization and kingdom decentralization became increasingly acute, which eventually led to rebellion within the ruling class in the Western Han Dynasty.