(1) Raw and auxiliary materials for cultivation: The excellent tree species for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum are Fagaceae, Hamamelidaceae and betulaceae. Generally, the bark of tree segments is thick and hard, with less heartwood, developed medullary rays and rich vessels. The DBH of the tree is 8~ 13cm, which should be cut off at the early stage of defoliation, not exceeding the thorns. Pumping water for 10~ 12 days after cutting, and then cutting. The length of wood saving for horizontal burying cultivation mode is 30cm, the length of vertical burying basswood is 15cm, and the water content is 35~42%.
(2) Selection of cultivation season: Ganoderma lucidum belongs to high-temperature fruiting fungi. The lowest temperature for the primordium differentiation of the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum is 18℃, and the production period of the culture tube is when the air temperature is stable at 10~ 12℃. It takes 60~75 days for the inoculated short trees to grow to physiological maturity, then cover the soil in the border and expose it for 30~45 days. Therefore, the pipe-making period of short-length timber cultivation should be delayed by 90~ 105 days, which is the pipe-making period.
(3) Farming site setting: It is best to choose an outdoor farming site near the homestead, and choose a place with loose soil, open terrain, water source and convenient transportation as the farming site. The cultivation site needs to be covered with a shade shed with a height of 2~2.2m and a width of 4.m, and the shed is divided into two border beds with a width of 1.5m, and a drainage ditch is left at the border. If possible, cover the roof of the shed with a black shading net (shading rate is 65%), so that strong scattered light is formed in the shed, and the service life can reach more than three years.
(4) Packaging: low-pressure polyethylene cylinder with folding diameter of 15~24×55×0.02cm is selected. In production, three kinds of plastic pipes are mostly used to adapt to short wood cultivation with different calibers. Put the cut short wood block into a plastic pipe, match the two ends, bend it, tie a small rope on the folded head and tie it tightly. Plastic pipes with a diameter of 2~3cm larger than the length of logs are used, each bag is 30cm long, and two bags are 15cm long, or several sections can be tied into a bundle and put into large bags for sterilization.
(5) Sterilization: immediately after that, perform normal pressure sterilization at 97~ 103℃ for 10~ 12 hours.
(6) Inoculation: Strains at all levels need to undergo strict repeated tests for many times to ensure that there is no mixed bacteria infection. The preparation method is the same as saprophytic bacteria, and the dosage form is sawdust cottonseed hull. There will be "bumps" on the surface of the culture medium, which are pale yellow, which is a unique characteristic of Ganoderma lucidum. When wood is inoculated, the moisture content of the strain is slightly wet, and the humidity is 65 ~ 70%. Move the cooled short wood-plastic bucket, pre-selected sterilized strain bag and inoculation tool into the inoculation room, and fumigate and disinfect with an aerosol disinfection box. Surgery in 30 minutes. First, the bacterial skin on the surface of the plastic bag was discarded, and the double-head inoculation method was adopted. Two people cooperated. One person unties the plastic rope, and the other person scatters the mashed peanut seeds near the alcohol fire, and immediately seals them tightly. The other end is also inoculated, and the cycle is repeated. Then put it on the shelf layer by layer. Vaccination process should shorten the bag opening time as much as possible. Increase the inoculation amount, seal the planting section and reduce the pollution rate. The hyphae spread rapidly along the wood rays of short wood blocks.
(7) Cultivation: When the temperature is low in winter, it should be artificially heated to above 20℃, and the rope can be slightly loosened after 15~20 days of cultivation. After 45~55 days, the short wood is full, and it takes 15~20 days to enter the physiological mature stage before going to the fields.
(8) ostentation and extravagance: Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, Fujian, short blocks of physiologically mature wood were buried horizontally in the boundary. This horizontal burying method is better than releasing cheese vertically. The horizontal spacing of the segments is 3 cm. Finally, the soil is completely covered, with a thickness of 2~3cm. Heavy water for 2 consecutive days. Every 2 meters, build a short curved arch (off the ground 15cm) with bamboo pieces, cover it with film, and the two ends are slightly open. The whole breeding shed forms a compound breeding shed. The soil humidity of buried soil is 20~22%, and the relative humidity of air is 90%.
(9) fruiting management: the fruiting body development temperature is 22 ~ 35℃. If the fruiting body enters the border early, the ground temperature should be increased to keep the border surface moist. It is best to dry the soil particles with your fingers. In the middle and late May, the young cheese broke ground one after another, and the water management alternated between dry and wet. If the body is too dense, it can be thinned and transplanted. And gradually increase the ventilation. So young cheese can get oxygen. On the well-lit side of the top of the handle, a small protrusion appears and expands horizontally. Pay attention to observe the color change of the white edge (growth circle) of the outer edge of Ganoderma lucidum cap to prevent the end edge of Ganoderma lucidum cap from turning gray due to low air humidity (< 75% =). At night, the film at both ends of the border shed should be closed for humidification, and it should be opened during the day to prevent the carbon dioxide at the border from being too high (more than 0. 1%) to produce "antlers" (undifferentiated fungus covers with only long stalks). Ventilation is the key to ensure the normal development of ganoderma lucidum cap. After June, the film on the top of the arch shed should be covered frequently, and both sides should be opened to prevent soil and wood from getting wet by rain. At 25℃, the fruiting body grows slowly, the texture is dense, the cortex is well developed and shiny. Changing temperature is not conducive to the differentiation and development of fruiting bodies, and it is easy to produce uneven differentiation circles. In the middle and late June, in order to ensure the high relative humidity of the boundary air, thick shading objects are often used. When the fruiting body is near maturity, the humidity is slightly reduced and the air is always fresh. The hat extends outward in a circular shape along the horizontal direction and is kidney-shaped. When the white growth point around the cap disappears, the expansion of the cap stops and the cap expands completely. At this point, the outer edge of the mushroom cap continues to thicken. When the surface is lacquered and the mature spores are constantly emitting (that is, brown spore powder is faintly visible on the surface of the mushroom cover), spores or fruiting bodies can be collected. Minimize vibration. If properly managed, it can regrow from the trimmed part within 7~ 10 days.
(10) harvesting and drying: harvesting when the mushroom cap no longer swells, the white edge disappears, the edge of the mushroom cap has multiple layers of thickening, the color of the mushroom cap is consistent, and spores are scattered. After harvesting, the fruiting body and the stalk with sediment were cut off and baked at 40~60℃ until the water content was below 65438 02%. Sealed and stored in plastic bags.
Second, the development prospect of Ganoderma lucidum products is broad: Ganoderma lucidum, as a traditional Chinese medicine and a tonic for prolonging life, has a history of thousands of years and has great domestic market potential. As long as the knowledge of health care function of Ganoderma lucidum is popularized, the development prospect of Ganoderma lucidum production is broad. Ganoderma lucidum occupies a unique leading position in the health care product market. Due to the success of artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, breakthroughs have been made in techniques such as breaking the wall of mycelium and spore powder. Ganoderma lucidum, known as the sacred product of traditional Chinese medicine, has considerable consumption opportunities and broad market prospects for its deep-processed products.