At that time, Yao He was famous for his poems and made extensive friends. He paid tribute to Liu Yuxi, Li Shen, Zhang Ji, Wang Jian, Juyuan Yang, Ma Dai and Li Qunyu. Friendly with Jia Dao, similar in poetry, but slightly shallower than Jia Dao. The world is called "Yao Jia". He is good at five laws, describing natural scenery and depressed officials, and sometimes has good sentences. But the style theme is monotonous and the scenery description is trivial. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng commented on his poems, saying, "It's clean and straight. The way to be a fairy is interesting, but aboveboard; It is constructed with a shallow book, but it is flattering. " Almost at the same time as several children, he cleverly pinched his elders. But the body seems to be small and sharp, and the taste is mild. So the product bureau is embarrassed. "(< Tang Yin Gui's signature >) His poems have a certain influence on later generations, and were taught by the" Yongjia Four Spirits "in the Southern Song Dynasty (see" Four Spirits Style ") and Jianghu poets. See the new and old Tang books for deeds.
He Yao
In his later years, Yao He compiled 300 Poems of Tang Poetry, named Ji Xuan Collection, and selected Wang Wei, Zuyong, Li Duan, Geng Yong, Lu Lun, Si Kongshu, Qian Qi, Lang Shiyuan, Chang Dang, Han Han, Huang Fuzeng, Li, Huang Furan,, Liu Changqing and Ling Yi. And said in the preface: "This is a poet's archer, and he also chose the most mysterious one in the crowd." There is neither Li/Du/Yuan/Bai nor Meng/Han/Liu/Liu, which can be seen in Yao He's eyes as "Li/Du/Yuan/Bai/Meng/Han/Liu/Liu" and so on.
The original meaning of the word "Xuan" is profound and mysterious, which comes from the language of Guan Yao, the "mysterious and mysterious door"-most of his candidates are really indifferent to life; Although the selected poems are far-fetched, they are almost temperament and light as water. From the topics of this anthology, it seems that we can get a glimpse of Yao He's outlook on life and poetry. As far as poetry is concerned, it is reasonable to comment that he is "all plain and neat" in Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty. However, it is difficult to understand the fact that he is a hermit in his official career. Although he has repeatedly revealed in his works that he has never been an official wholeheartedly, and his mind is full of the idea of living in seclusion in the mountains and farming, it is not accidental that he can always be a secretary with three grades.
Yao He and Jia Dao are the same age and were born in the 14th year of Dali (779). Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty says that he is the great-grandson of Yao Chong, the prime minister of Xuanzong, which is wrong. In the late Qing Dynasty, Luo Zhenyu made textual research on the epitaph and postscript of his wife Yao's family, and thought that it was Yuan's, Lu's and He's great-grandson. It can be known that Yao He's great-grandfather was Yao Yuanjing, who worked as a doctor in North Korea/a doctor in Sinong Temple/a Zong Zheng Shao Qing; Grandfather is Yao Shu, who served as Yanling County Magistrate/Ruzhou Sima; His father is Wei Yao, who served as the magistrate of Xiangzhou-He Lin County/as a gift from the son of heaven. Xing Wu recorded in the epitaph is today's Zhejiang/Huzhou, and it should also be Yao He's native place.
How many times did Yao He fall before he was 38? I don't know. He once wrote a poem, expressing the shame and embarrassment of going back to his hometown to meet his fellow villagers-"It's a waste to raise friends for the village, to shoot mandarin ducks, to be ashamed to ask questions on the way home, to live in the spring city, to stay behind closed doors, to gain friends by studying, and to win." In the eleventh year of Yuanhe (8 16), he finally got involved, probably under the care of Li, the examiner at that time, and was soon promoted to prime minister. Yao He later wrote a poem to his brother-in-law. There is a sentence in the poem, "Xiang Fu holds the handle/pays attention to the heart/shows that he was Li's protege, and naturally he should give high marks when marking papers." However, Yao He didn't seem to expect that he could win the first prize. Such a surprise is far better than happiness. As the saying goes, "an accident/joy is often less than a surprise."
About two years after Jin Shihe, Yao He was awarded the master book of Wugong County, Shaanxi Province, which means that Yao He's career began at the age of forty. The bookkeeper, a civilian, is mainly responsible for recording the daily events in the county and various documents of the county government. The "county annals" we see today were handed down after being recorded in the master books of past dynasties. Thanks to these master books, China's local history, though a junior official at the bottom, has shown great value through accumulation. Of course, in a county, it is impossible to have big events every day, so the main book is relatively idle, and there is plenty of time to write poems, drink wine, grow flowers, grow small vegetable gardens ... or you can wander around as long as you don't leave the county. State and county officials in the Tang Dynasty, if they did not go to other counties for business, were regarded as "private bans", and even if they were secretariat officials or county decrees, they would be punished with "one hundred sticks".
From the beginning, Yao He became an official, and he was half-hearted and adopted a reclusive attitude. In the "Thirty Works of Wugong County" in his poem, the first sentence of his poem shows the idea that "the county is far away from the imperial city/hiding for the officials"; In the second song, it is said that "Fang Zhuoyi is a natural/official thing ... fitness is a good thing/besides, it is more empty"; The ninth song says, "There is nothing else to do when you get to the official/you can plant a lot of flowers"; The seventeenth song says "I often take ten days off/look for money every other month" (I don't even bother to pay my salary every month); The twenty-second song is "keeping in good health and being a good officer." The third poem, I think, is the representative of his group of poems, and it also fully shows his carefree outlook on life at the age of forty:
Micro-officials are like horseshoes, only in mud and dust. Follow me wherever you are poor and always take advantage of others.
A book sells your eyesight, and a glass of wine consumes your mind. Early retirement, hidden deep in this body.
He retired as soon as he became an official. Such people are really rare. Therefore, Mr. Wen Yiduo said that he was "writing gloomy five-character poems in a small office", unlike Bai Juyi who was "crying to the society about their morbid tragedies in all walks of life under the great burden of improving society". But I think this is just a poem. Yao He's real life course is different from poetry. Let's take a look at his career!
In Wugong County, Yao He stayed for three years. The so-called "main seal for three years, mountain residence and Pepsi rest" was temporarily abolished after the rank was full. In the second song, his joy of being ignorant and light is vividly on the paper. I don't know if he's telling others or really doesn't want to do anything, because he hasn't been an army soldier in the Webb shogunate for long. At that time, it was Tian, with many titles and titles, such as Dr. Guanglu/Proofreading Stuart/Zhong Shuling/Shang Zhuguo/Yi Guogong, etc. From Yao He's poem "Appreciating the Six Rhymes of Guanglu Tian Qing", it can be seen that when he arrived at the shogunate, he was invited by Tian. Although Tian writes poems, he is not a poet. After all, he holds the title of our time, and his main business is to lead and defend the country and put down the rebellion. In the days when he was in contact with a group of soldiers, Yao He's performance in his poems was still half-hearted: "Looking for soldiers every day/not being an alcoholic after years/not going to school for a long time due to eye pain/lung disease/having no servants and clothes/when to go home/still being a mountain man?" Tian dipped in the sugar pile that he had been appointed for less than a year and replaced it with a man named. Less than a year later, Li Su was replaced by Tian Bu, who was killed by his teeth. As for our poet Yao, the court saw that it was too messy, so it transferred him from the ninth grade to Fuping County as the county captain. Soon after, he was transferred from Bapin to Wannian County, which is directly under the control of the capital, as the county captain.
At the age of about 48, Yao He was transferred back to Chang 'an, where he was appointed as the censor. At the age of 50, he rose from Qipin to Yushi. At the age of 52, he was appointed Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Housing since the sixth grade. At the age of 53, he was transferred to the capital, and Ren Zhengsi was promoted to the golden state secretariat. At the age of 54 to 55, he returned to Chang 'an and served as a doctor of punishments and a doctor of households. At the age of 56, he was transferred from Beijing and went to Zhejiang as the secretariat of Hangzhou. Three years later, he returned to Chang 'an three times, and Ren Zhengsi was the next-level right doctor. Another year, another thing. Another year, I became an official observer of Samby. At the age of 62, his last official position was the director-general and supervisor from Sanpin. Looking at his official history, although he started after the age of forty, he walked steadily, getting promoted almost every two years on average and never being demoted. There must be a secret.
Look up more than five kinds of court officials he has made, including Cui Fuma, Li Taiwei (Li Deyu), Yang Shangshu (Juyuan Yang), Zheng Shangshu (Zheng Yuqing), Pei Prime Minister (Pei Du), Prime Minister (Ling Huchu), Minister Tanaka (Tian), Bai Shaofu, (Bai Juyi), Liu Langzhong (Liu Yuxi) and Han Ji. Of course, from another point of view, Yao may have a good temper, and he doesn't intend to make enemies, but to be aggressive. It is recorded in the Book of Tao written by Li Shangyin in the whole Tang Dynasty that Li Shangyin was appointed as the magistrate of Hongnong County, offended his boss Sun Jian (then the observer of Shanbi) and wanted to resign and leave. Yao He just succeeded to Sun Jian, and when he heard about it, he immediately called Li Shangyin back, showing his kindness (perhaps mixed with his love for Li Shangyin's poetic talent).
Yao and Shi are really good at five laws. Zhang Weizai in Late Tang Dynasty
He Yao
I think he writes poems mostly for fun, finding feelings in nature and being clever in words; When I became an official, I was idle anyway. If I write with such a mentality, I will be very philosophical. Looking at the Five Laws, I think the most important and enjoyable thing is to look at the "jaw/neck" couplet, which Yao He wrote very well. Let me list a few words. People you like can write it down in calligraphy and hang it at home, which is the best application:
"There is less poetry in the world/more wine in the forest"; "The home mountain is far from the city/the sun and the moon are in the boat."
"Let the horse only drink/not defend itself"; "I'm beginning to understand/I'm not there yet."
"The more books, the heavier/the less sleep and the more pillows are always new"; "Aishan has been lying idle for a long time/I have a thin heart here."
"Autumn rolls are better/the name is fatter"; "The mountain is quiet and the clouds are white at the beginning/the branches are high and the fruits are thin."
"Sleepless dream/no number to avoid people calling"; "I want to work with Lin in the next issue/* * What is labor?"
"It is difficult to return to the sea/everything in the world is empty"; "Seeing the moon is too loose/loving the water"
"I feel old when I go up the mountain/I forget my sorrow when I pass the temple"; "Too shallow a cup is not suitable for drinking/too thick a word is not suitable for reading"
"Poetry is born in wine/thought is on the hillside"; "If you have land, you can only grow bamboo/if you have no home, you can only raise geese."
Yao He died in the post of secretary supervisor, and after his death, the court posthumously awarded him as the minister of rites. Fang Gan, his disciple, wrote a poem "Cry for Jian Yao". His seven laws, which are quoted later, can be regarded as an evaluation of his life-several people became disciples as soon as they entered the room, because Confucianism is a crying gentleman. There is no suggestion at home. Every time in the Ming Dynasty, the state-owned legacy continued to be correct. Chen mourned in Xiaoxiang Plain, and hated Taiwan for blowing rain and getting wet.
Appreciation dictionary
Live in seclusion
I don't know myself and live in the city all the year round. There is no trace of the door, and the room is full of cicadas. Although suffering from illness, the dream of leaving office is clear. Mr. Gu, why do you want to learn Zen?
Yao Heji's admiration for Wang Wei's poems, especially his pursuit of "quiet interest", reflects this tendency. The first two sentences: "I don't know myself and live in the city all the year round." Yao He calls himself "Wild Lazy" (8 of Seclusion). It is clear to the onlookers that a lazy and wild person thinks that he is not suitable for being an official or a citizen. However, I don't understand this. Living in the city all the year round, my ears are messy and my workload is heavy. I can't seek peace and leisure because of my ignorance. I don't like cities, but I live in cities all the year round. I have to find my own explanation. The ancients said that he was hidden in the city, so he was also secluded in the city. "The county is far from the imperial capital, and the official is hidden." (< "Poems on the Records of Wugong County") To make such an explanation by myself is to have a clear head and a clear conscience. What is written here is in the county seat, but it reveals the inner peace and interest.
The situation is indeed like this: "There is no trace of the door, and the house is full of cicadas." This second couplet is written to adapt to its sparseness, and it comes from the first two sentences in one breath. There are no clues at the door, indicating that there are few visitors and it is very idle for the official. Cicadas are noisy all over the yard, because no one bothers them, but they feel quiet in the middle; The voice of writing is full of ears, but there is a word "static" in the voice. The first sentence is leisure, and the next sentence is quiet. It is where there is sound that silence is seen and disgust is shrouded in silence.
In this leisurely and quiet corner of the city, the poet is "sick, but his dream of retiring is clear." This triple is written from "disease". Being sick with a slight illness often became an elegant thing for literati in the old society; It is more elegant not to waste chanting when you are sick. Now, after "retiring", even if I hold a small position, I feel very relaxed and quiet. It is really a dream. Write step by step, and you will see a quiet environment. Influenced by Buddhism, the Tang people had a higher realm, that is, they fled for their lives in "Zen", so the fourth author asked himself: "When should we learn Zen, should we stop at Mr. Gu?" When can I put aside all worldly things and ask Mr. Gu (referring to the Buddha) to learn this kind of Zen? Observation is observation. If you get rid of your delusion, your heart will shine freely. Such a state is Zen (that is, Zen theory and Zen way), which is a higher realm of leisure and tranquility. Talking about the state of mind through Zen theory shows the poet's contempt and disgust for the corruption of bureaucracy and the darkness of society at that time, and successfully describes the artistic quiet and interesting realm pursued by the author.
Yao He is an expert in writing five laws. He took great pains to recite, write at different levels and pay attention to it; Poetry is simple and elegant, straightforward, skillful and natural, so it is better.
Two Poems on Poor Borders (I)
General is a town in Guzhou, with greasy water and soft Spring Festival. The air at night and the songs and dances of the city have just gone away, and passers-by don't believe this is the end of the town.
The first topic is "marginal words". The difference edge refers to the extreme far edge. There are two original poems, and this is the first one. The poem about the peaceful rise of the border town is to praise the defense work of the border guards. In the tenth year of Yuanhe (8 15), the author once wrote poems in Jingzhou (now Gansu), a town in Longxi. (qiān cited) state, now a thousand counties in Shaanxi. After Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty, most of the northwest territory was trapped by Tubo. The state is not far from Chang 'an, but it has become the "poor edge" in the author's eyes, and its national strength can be imagined.
He Yao
The whole poem focuses on scenes, showing the general's defensive achievements, and does not pay attention to direct praise. The first sentence "General is Guzhou Town" points out the object of this poem, and the next two poems introduce the prosperity of Guzhou after the general took charge. The poet deliberately exaggerates the mountains, water, solar terms and silk pipes in spring and clear night, which makes people feel that there is no desolation in the border, no smell of war, and what they are exposed to is a prosperous and peaceful scene. "Water is greasy, and the Spring Festival is soft." Water is greasy, which means that water is as smooth as oil, and it is the feminine form of spring water, which is different from the surging summer water. Using the word "greasy" to describe the spring water naturally contains the poet's praise. The word "mountain spring" succinctly describes the infinite spring scenery of mountains and mountains. Soft solar terms mean soft solar terms and timely wind and rain. The meaning of this sentence is: spring is gentle and lovely, and the mountains and rivers are beautiful; Bright spring scenery is the result of "soft solar terms". This is always about the border town scenery in spring and during the day. The border town after nightfall is another scene. The poet only used the word "the silk tube in the city" to describe it, which is an exaggeration. The sound of silk pipes not only came from Plutocratic family, but also rippled on the streets of the whole city. The word "San" is used brilliantly, setting off the scene that thousands of families are happy and undisturbed by the border police. The sound of the silk tube comes from Clear Night, which shows the tranquility and order of the border town in joy. Although it is happy, it doesn't bother. Therefore, although the land is "poor", the scenery is beautiful. No wonder the guests from the mainland don't believe this is a frontier fortress when they see this scene of sudden release of spring and crowing. The appearance of this peaceful scene should be attributed to the general who served as the commander. However, the poet did not directly praise the general's contribution to peace, but implied praise in praising the beautiful scenery, and used the pen very tactfully. Write a sentence about the feelings of pedestrians, or avoid saying praise directly. "Pedestrian disbelief" seems to be written as an objective phenomenon. However, don't the passers-by also include the poet himself? That heartfelt compliment is well written.
works appreciation
Two words without boundaries (Part I)
He Yao
General is a town in Guzhou, with greasy water and soft Spring Festival.
The air at night and the songs and dances of the city have just gone away, and passers-by don't believe this is the end of the town.
And Pei Gongling's new green field hall is also a fact.
The structure is famous, and the porch window is bright on all sides. Gables are higher than Moby, and Xiaozhai's seclusion has finally paid off.
The tortoise dived into the pool and the medicine spun in front of the court. The eaves of the trees are slightly deep, and the steep stone road is difficult to level off.
The road is wide and far, and the heart is idle and listening. Ancient and modern achievements are unique, and the size is hidden.
The morning rain is new, the autumn wind is long and fragrant. Write poems on bamboo and pour wine on flowers.
The ancient temple invited monks to eat, and the square pool watched the cranes. There is nothing so expensive in the world, and you will return to the city in half a battle.
You Hao Tian Xuan Duguan
It's easy to meet each other, but the purple house is idle. The heart falls in the dark path, and the white stone is born in the autumn altar.
The moss is even bamboo, and the crane language should be loose. The wind gathers the fragrance of medicine, and the sound of trees is clear.
Cao Ling's shadow hangs under the eaves, and Gu Shan's name surrounds the wall. There is no ban on going abroad, and returning to the moon.