Structure of turtle breeding box
All turtles like to stay in the water or eat, and they also like to rest or bask in the sun on land. Turtles have no gills and breathe with their lungs, so they can't stay in the water for a long time. Therefore, after staying in the water for a period of time, they must float to expose their nostrils to breathe and breathe. So no matter how you design the turtle box, in principle, there must be water and land, and it is best to have a ladder between the land and the water to let the turtle climb on the land. The slope is about 20 degrees, which is convenient for turtles to get up and down.
Feeding and bait of turtles
(1) Brazilian turtles have the habit of sunbathing, but they can't bask for a long time. Outdoor turtle boxes cannot be placed in long-term direct sunlight, and shading facilities must be provided. If you raise turtles indoors, you can install an ultraviolet lamp 30 cm away from the turtle box and irradiate 15 to 20 minutes every day. Pay attention to the escape of turtles in the box, and it is best to add a net cover. In winter, the water temperature drops and makes it hibernate. If possible in summer, you can take the turtle out to bask in the sun during the day and bring it back at night.
(2) Farming should not be too intensive, and it should be graded according to size, and turtles will also eat the jungle. For example, a large number of soft-shelled turtles should be raised separately, generally 30 to 40, which is convenient for management and can promote growth.
(3) Turtles are omnivores, and most of the wild turtles in nature are carnivores. Raise small fish, shrimp, pig liver, red worms, cockroaches, etc. Feed raw materials should be put into water, but pebbles should not be put, so as to avoid feed rotting in the cracks of stones and affecting water quality.
(4) Keep the water clean and change the water frequently. It is best to keep the water temperature above 25℃, and the displaced water must be dechlorinated to ensure the water quality. In addition, the sand at the bottom is often cleaned. Avoid breeding of bacteria and pests.
Brazilian tortoise lives in water most of the time and likes to live in clear water. So the quality of water is very important. Pond culture should maintain the transparency of water, the water color should be light green, and the transparency should be 20 ~ 30 cm. The spring and autumn water level is moderate, and the Xia Dong deepens, which plays a role in cooling or heat preservation. In spring and autumn, a part of water is pumped every month, furazolidone and quicklime are sprinkled alternately at regular intervals, and then clear water is added. Change water every 10 ~ 15 days in summer: times. If the water color is brownish green or blue-green, it means that the water quality is too "fat" and all water should be changed in time. When the cement pool is raised, the water quality is easy to change, so it is necessary to change the water regularly. Generally, water should be changed 1 ~ 2 times a week from April to May, especially the dining table should be disinfected. From June to September, due to the high temperature, changing water should be carried out 3 to 4 hours after feeding. When hibernating in winter, you can change water less or not.
The Brazilian tortoise is a dangerous alien invasive species, which eats everything and grows very fast, destroying the ecological balance. Although it was beautiful when it was young, the longer it grew, the uglier it became. I suggest you raise grass turtles. The turtles raised by China people themselves are only a little more expensive than Brazilian turtles, so they are easier to raise. If people who keep Brazilian tortoises don't want to keep them, don't release them into the wild, and there will be endless troubles. You can give it to relatives and friends who want to raise it, or you can sell it to an aquarium store.
Hatching of turtles: First of all, see if it is a fertilized egg: there are obvious white lines or patches on the shell of the fertilized egg. If there is, it can hatch. Artificial incubation. Put the turtle eggs into a wooden box with a height of 25cm, drill a number of small holes in the bottom of the box, spread15-20cm of sand or water moss on the bottom, put the turtle in the sand or water moss, then sprinkle spun yarn or water moss with a thickness of about 2cm on the eggs, cover the sand with a wet towel, and keep the indoor humidity at 25-35 degrees. On sunny days with dry air, spray water 1-2 times a day on the sand, because the air humidity is high, which can reduce the number of spraying.
There are two conditions for incubation: temperature and humidity. The temperature is required to be between 22-33 degrees and below 27 degrees. Most flashy turtles are male, about 3 1 degree, and most of them are female. The humidity requirement varies with different hatching materials, and the air humidity requirement is about 80%. If the hatching material is sandy soil, it is about 12%, and if water moss is used, it is about 30%. Incubation time varies with temperature and humidity. It usually takes about 60 to 80 days to get out of the shell.
Hibernation of turtles: wild water turtles usually dive into the mud at the bottom of the water or hibernate under rocks or fallen leaves on the shore. For domestic water turtles, there are several hibernation measures to choose from:
1. Bury them in wet sand, and pay attention to ensure the high humidity of the sand.
2. Cover their bodies with wet gauze (experience of Shanghai Guiyou Shenwei 2000).
3. Put them in shallow water (this method is not recommended for semi-aquatic turtles like yellow-edged box turtles).
4. Put them in a wooden box and cover them with damp straw (Gui You Junko's experience).
Hibernating turtles should also be checked regularly. Don't let weak turtles or sick turtles hibernate, they don't have enough fat to consume during hibernation. Stop feeding one week before hibernation and soak in warm water, otherwise food and feces will accumulate in the body during hibernation, which will easily cause gastroenteritis. Be sure to keep high humidity, or you will die of lack of water. The ambient temperature during hibernation should not drop below 5℃, otherwise it will freeze to death. They can also be raised by heating to prevent them from hibernating. However, the frequency and quantity of their eating in winter will be reduced to some extent. But for some species of closed-shell turtles, the process of not hibernating may be fatal, and they must hibernate.
Sex of turtle: Generally speaking, it is difficult to identify the sex of young turtles (weighing less than 250 grams) because of their immature sex. Some JS are selling young Brazilian tortoises, saying that sex can be judged according to the pattern of the abdominal armor, which has no scientific basis. For turtles of the same age, females are always older than males. The average Brazilian tortoise weighs 300 grams in males and 500 grams in females. Other turtles have different standards because of different species.
Generally speaking, for common turtles, whether they are water turtles or tortoises, their gender can usually be identified by the following gender characteristics:
Female turtle: the carapace is short and wide, the carapace is flat, there is no depression in the center, the tail is thin and short, the tail base is thin, the cloaca is close to the rear edge of the carapace, and the notches formed by the two anal shields of the carapace are shallow and the notch angle is large.
Male turtle: The carapace is long and narrow, the center of carapace is slightly concave inward, the tail is thick and long, the tail base is thick, the cloaca is far away from the rear edge of carapace, and the notch formed by the anal shield of carapace is deep and the notch angle is small.
For most species of adult turtles of the same year, the male turtle is thin and small; The mother turtle is round, thick and big.
The newly bought Brazilian tortoise doesn't adapt to the environment, so it's easy not to eat. If he is hungry, he will eat in two days, which is also the fastest way for him to adapt to the environment. In addition, turtles need sunshine every day, but they can't be exposed to the sun. Remember to put it in water during the day, change the water every day, and empty the water in the feeding container at night, otherwise its limbs will fester all the time.
In fact, you just need to feed him some food. Turtles have strong self-care ability, unlike those kittens and puppies.
Shopping time: It is best in early summer, because at that time, the turtle ended its hibernation period. With the increase of temperature, its activity ability has also increased, and it is easy to select and identify sick turtles.
Appearance: the shell should not be fragile, with clear lines, bright and wide eyes and clean nostrils. If there is peeling, it means that the tortoise is growing well.
Gender: color discrimination is not accurate. You can tell the turtle upside down by looking at its tail anus. There is not much difference between raising a female turtle and raising a male turtle, but the male turtle can grow bigger and the female turtle can lay eggs.
Feeding: Pick the one with a big appetite.
Variety: There are many kinds of turtles, so you must carefully choose the one that suits you, remember, remember.
Healthy glans and limbs can stretch freely, will compete for food, and some will climb to other places.
Rest on the tortoise's carapace. In short, choose a lively and energetic turtle.
Structure of turtle breeding box
All turtles like to stay in the water or eat, and they also like to rest or bask in the sun on land. Turtles have no gills and breathe with their lungs, so they can't stay in the water for a long time. Therefore, after staying in the water for a period of time, they must float to expose their nostrils to breathe and breathe. So no matter how you design the turtle box, in principle, there must be water and land, and it is best to have a ladder between the land and the water to let the turtle climb on the land. The slope is about 20 degrees, which is convenient for turtles to get up and down.
Feeding and bait
Brazilian turtles have the habit of sunbathing, but they can't bask for long. Outdoor turtle boxes cannot be placed in long-term direct sunlight, and shading facilities must be provided. If you raise turtles indoors, you can install an ultraviolet lamp 30 cm away from the turtle box and irradiate 15 to 20 minutes every day. Pay attention to the escape of turtles in the box, and it is best to add a net cover. In winter, the water temperature drops and makes it hibernate. If possible in summer, you can take the turtle out to bask in the sun during the day and bring it back at night.
Breeding should not be too close, it should be graded according to size, and turtles will also eat the jungle. For example, a large number of turtles should be raised separately, usually at intervals of 30 to 40, which is convenient for management and can promote growth.
Turtles are omnivores, and most of the wild turtles in nature are carnivorous. Raise small fish, shrimp, pig liver, red worms, cockroaches, etc. Feed raw materials should be put into water, but pebbles should not be put, so as to avoid feed rotting in the cracks of stones and affecting water quality.
Keep the water clean and change it frequently. In addition, the sand at the bottom is often cleaned. Avoid breeding of bacteria and pests.
Treatment method of tortoises eye disease
The eye disease of Brazilian tortoise is called white eye disease, which is an infectious disease caused by water pollution. Take the turtle out of the water and put it in the shade to let the membrane flow out of its eyes. You can feed it some animal livers.
Use chloramphenicol or other anti-inflammatory eye drops 1-2 times a day, or use penicillin drugs 1-2 times, and feed 45,000 units per kilogram of turtle weight; Or dip a cotton swab or a new wool nib in the aqueous solution of 1% nitrofurazone or 1% Rafnuel, smear your eyes twice a day, and then put them in clean water. It can be cured in six days.