Prevention and cure methods of common diseases in the cultivation of Pinus quinquefolius. Deciduous disease
(1) Symptoms: The disease harms all kinds of pine trees. Frequently-occurring disease is on the 2-year-old needle. Generally, yellow-green patches appear in May-June. In August, the lesion expanded, the diseased leaves turned reddish brown and began to fall off. 1 1 month, the lesion turned yellowish brown. There are many small black spots on the lesion, and the needle falls off. Bacteria overwinter on fallen leaves. Germination infection in the second year. Seriously affect the growth and ornamental effect of plants.
(2) Prevention and control methods: reasonable planting density, keeping ventilation and light transmission, controlling watering and adding organic fertilizer. In April-May, 50% zineb wettable powder or 70% thiophanate-methyl with 200-800 times or 1000 times should be sprayed. Every 10 ~ 15 days, 1 time, 3 ~ 4 times in a row.
2. Root rot
(1) Symptom features: Most of the patients are ill after implantation. Mainly in the roots, fine roots rot and turn black or dark brown. At first, the tender buds of the seedlings withered, then turned reddish brown and withered, and the whole plant died after spreading.
(2) Control method: add 500 times solution of 20% thiophanate methyl to flower field or pot soil, and water the root 1 ~ 2 times.
3. Leaf blight
(1) Symptoms: The needles of Pinus pentaphylla turn yellow from the tip down, and the segment color turns dark brown to grayish brown, resulting in half or even half of the leaves dying, and yellow spots with different widths appear at the boundary between disease and health. In severe cases, all the needles are dead. Bacteria overwinter in deciduous soil. In the second year, it spread through wind and rain. Five-needle pine with black pine as rootstock is seriously infected.
(2) Prevention and control methods: Careful maintenance, overwintering temperature of 0 ~ 5℃, slightly acidic soil, shade tolerance, no humidity, waterlogging and heat. Avoid continuous cropping of pine seedlings in nursery. Spraying 0.5: 0.5: 100 bordeaux solution or 600-fold solution of 78% bork wettable powder and 500-fold solution of 20% dracunculus suspending agent from July. You can also choose 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 50% thiophanate-methyl 800 times solution and sulfur suspension 800 times solution for control.
The role of five-needle pine The medicinal ingredients of five-needle pine are excellent and the taste is not astringent; The medicinal components of four-needle pine and three-needle pine are slightly inferior to those of five-needle pine, but the resources of five-needle pine are less. The taste of the second pine is a little astringent. There are more Podocarpus in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in Shanghai, and the taste of Podocarpus is not astringent. Pine resources vary from place to place, and the same species of pine grows in different places, and its efficacy is also different.
In ancient China, there were records of eating pine needles, drinking pine needle tea and enjoying a long life. Ge Hong's Bao Pu Zi records a story about Qin Gong maids: at the end of Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu invaded Xianyang. During the war, the ladies-in-waiting fled into the deep mountains, and under the guidance of the old people in the mountains, they only ate pine and cypress and pine needles. As a result, all faces are rosy, and they are not afraid of freezing in winter and heat in summer. Legend has it that these ladies-in-waiting have lived for more than 300 years, and their hair is black.
Li Shizhen said in Compendium of Materia Medica:? Pine leaf, named pine hair, is warm, bitter and non-toxic, and enters the four meridians of liver, kidney, lung and spleen to treat the swelling and toxicity of various viscera and wind-cold-dampness syndrome. ? It is also said that it can cure swollen blisters, promote hair regeneration, strengthen liver, kidney, heart, spleen and lung, and satisfy hunger and prolong life. Sun Simiao also has a special liking for pine trees, and used the relevant parts of pine trees to treat diseases and preserve health, and founded? Take pine nuts, pine leaves, turpentine? For example, natural regimen.
Five needles pine bonsai production materials (1)
In China, the introduction and cultivation of Pinus pentaphylla is often carried out by grafting because of its few seeds, poor development and low germination rate. Generally, 2-3-year-old seedlings or old piles of Pinus thunbergii are used as rootstocks, and strong five-needle pine 1-2-year-old branches are used as scions, which are about 8- 10 cm long. Cut the lower needles in early spring and connect them with the roots and necks of rootstocks by cutting or abdominal grafting. After adding, cover the soil on the grafting site and leave it indoors for 3 ~ 4 days.
Move the moon to a cool place outside and water it when it is dry. When the scion heals and shoots, the branches and leaves at the tip of the rootstock can be cut off, and then the rootstock above the scion can be cut off many times with the growth of the scion, and the arc becomes a five-needle pine plant. You can also use the bud grafting method to select the bud head of a five-needle pine with a length of more than 2 cm as a scion, graft it on the terminal bud of a black pine in March-April, and cover it with the needles of the rootstock branches for protection. After taking over the work
Five-needle pine can be cultivated into a better five-needle pine bonsai in a short time, with old piles and new branches and beautiful posture. Bud grafting has high survival rate and fast growth, but attention should be paid to releasing the bondage in time.
(2) Upper basin
① pot selection: five-needle pine is exquisite and elegant, with green leaves and green cages. It is advisable to use purple clay pots with simple appearance and deep color. Cliff-type medium-deep circular basin or square basin; Straight dry type and inclined type use rectangular basin or oval basin; Shallow rectangular basin for co-planting; A slightly deeper horse hate basin is used for bending dry type; The root-lifting type adopts shallow round basin, and the size depends on the tree shape.
② Soil: loose, fertile and acidic sandy loam, mountain soil or humus soil are most suitable for Pinus quinquefolius. 20% ~ 30% of sandy soil and 1 ~ 2 parts of decomposed cake fertilizer should be mixed in the compost culture soil at home, so that the fertilizer and soil are mixed, the nutrients are sufficient, and the air permeability and water permeability are good, which is beneficial to the root system development and flourishing of Pinus pentaphylla.
(3) Planting: Sow five-needle pine in February-March in spring, preferably before germination. Trim damaged and rotten roots, cut short thick roots, and wax scissors to prevent turpentine from flowing out. The bottom of the basin is padded with coarse sand or charcoal chips to facilitate drainage. The shallow basin only needs to be padded with plastic sand net. The planting position depends on the tree shape. When planting, the pot soil should be slightly dry, and when filling, it should be loose and moderate. Shake the pot body and compact it carefully. After planting, spread moss on the pot soil, then water it, put it in a semi-shady place, and move it to the sunny place after the growth resumes.
(3) Modeling
The characteristics of the growth and development of Pinus pentaphylla: the branches naturally form lamellae with distinct layers and clear lines; The growth is slow, and there is no adventitious bud germination on the branches, so it is not resistant to pruning; Thick branches are not easy to buckle, and climbing modeling must start from an early age. Therefore, the modeling of five-needle pine should be based on hanging and pruning.
① Climbing knot: Climbing knot is the main method of modeling five-needle pine, which uses metal wire or brown wire to climb knot to shape the main branch into the required shape. The secondary branches are slightly climbed to reach the required direction and angle, and then processed year by year, so that the main branches are bent and the branches and leaves are in pieces, such as stratus clouds. It is best to start climbing the formwork at a young age of 3 ~ 4 years old, and there is a trace of gold in the climbing formwork, so it must be dismantled in time after setting, so as to avoid?
Trapped wires? , affecting the appearance and causing damage.
(2) Pruning: The branches of the five-needle pine are in a wheel shape, and a beautiful tree cannot be grown without pruning. Leave at most two main branches on the trunk in each round. The two main branches of the same round should be one long and one short, and the length cannot be equal. There should not be too many main branches of each five-needle pine, and the extra branches should be simply trimmed. Take small and medium-sized bonsai as an example, only 5-7 main branches are left to form the trunk, so as to achieve simplicity. At the same time, it is necessary to adjust the growth direction of the main branches, correct the extension posture of the main branches, and make the branches handle in a unified and coordinated manner. For the formed five-needle pine, it should also be pruned 1 time every year to cut off dense branches, weak branches, dead branches and various branches that interfere with the growth of trees.
The pruning period should be at the end of the dormancy period of five-needle pine, not in the growing season, so as to avoid overflowing resin.
The trunk of Pinus pentaphylla is mainly independent, but there may be one double trunk or one multi-trunk; At this time, it is necessary to choose the tall trunk as the main trunk and the short trunk as the auxiliary trunk, and the two trunks should be well coordinated. If a book is too dry, it will be uneven and patchy.
Five needles pine not only has the typical morphological characteristics of pine trees, but also has great plasticity. By pruning and controlling growth, we can achieve the effect of seeing the big from the small. Modeling should pay attention to the flowing, vigorous, quaint and poetic artistic image.