Byzantines believed that blood, mucus, yellow bile and black bile were the basis of pathological classification of human constitution. All diseases come from the imbalance of four qi, namely dryness, dampness, heat and cold, and health depends on the proper proportion of these four body fluids and the balance of four gaseous states. This is exactly the same as the theory of ancient Greek doctors Hippocrates and Galen. Byzantine medical works, such as euripides (325 ~ 395/6) and Paul (? Gynecology, Toxicology and Prescription after 642 years, 1 1 Simon's cookbooks and health manuals in the century are also guided by the theories of Hippocrates and Galen.
Byzantines pay attention to health care and prevention. The widely circulated Diet Almanac divides the four seasons into four stages: wet, hot and cold, and lists the foods that are suitable for eating and taboo in detail. They believe that diseases are the result of various factors and disorders in the human body, so the key to treating diseases lies in conditioning. The best way to treat a disease is to rest, keep warm and sweat. Health preservation should be more important than treating a disease. In Byzantium, people highly admire some folk earthwork, such as regulating the liver and spleen with pepper, removing bad breath with grass, bleeding three times a year in spring, summer and autumn, treating sprains with massage, stopping bleeding with burning, purifying the air with mugwort leaves and so on. China's ancient history books also recorded that Byzantine surgeons "treated eye dysentery well, or saw the disease before it, or opened their brains to get rid of worms".
12 century Sicilian church mosaic-Christ cured the lame and blind. Byzantine countries attached great importance to the organization and construction of hospitals, not only set up military medical corps in the army, but also attached hospitals or senior medical corps to large charities and monasteries.
In Byzantium, medical care is the responsibility of the church, and hospitals run by monks are all over the country. One of the most famous is Pantora Abbey Hospital in Constantinople. By 12 century, there were 50 beds, belonging to various wards of surgery, internal medicine and gynecology. There are 65,438+00 male doctors and 65,438+0 female doctors, male and female assistants and herbalists, and 65,438+0 medical professors and kitchen staff who teach new doctors. They mainly prepare vegetarian food for patients.
According to the standards at that time, the medical skills of these hospitals were quite advanced. Because Byzantium not only inherited the rich traditional medical heritage of Greece and Rome, but also inherited Arab medical expertise. Doctors in Byzantium can prescribe drugs for indigestion, heart disease and chest pain. They improve their surgical skills through autopsy and dissection. Doctors have a professional division of labor, including ophthalmologists, gynecologists and dentists.
In a mural, there is such a picture, which depicts the scene of a doctor's life in Saint Pantomon. He holds a cross and a medicine box, symbolizing that he can cure patients with strange prescriptions.
There are also murals painted with instruments used to measure the amount of blood released to patients, which is a common medical procedure in Byzantium. The two mechanics above recorded the height of blood flowing into the lower basin. This kind of rice was invented by Arabs, who are regarded as medical authorities and their medical methods have been studied all over Europe.
In a picture, two doctors are hanging a patient with a rope and pulling him up and down on a ladder, hoping that this traction and massage can cure his dislocated spine.
In the 10 century, the illustrations in Byzantine medical textbooks were accompanied by instructions to explain how to bandage the head.
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