Because of the great political pressure, scholars in Wei and Jin dynasties often discussed all things in nature together, which led to the rise of metaphysical words. At the same time, celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties also indulged in landscapes and everything returned to nature, which affected their dietary concept to get different changes in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
People also began to pay attention to health care, even the diet was mainly vegetarian, so why did such a wonderful concept of health care appear in the chaotic Wei and Jin Dynasties?
In the early Wei and Jin Dynasties, Buddhism gradually rose, and many emperors became Buddhists.
During the Western Jin Dynasty, the "Eight Kings Rebellion" that lasted for 16 years and the "Yongjia Rebellion" that lasted for 6 years plunged the people of the whole country into dire straits. The displacement and psychological pain caused by war need psychological comfort, which provides an opportunity for the spread and development of Buddhism.
Buddhism flourished in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and there was a situation of "480 temples in the Southern Dynasties". Coupled with the invasion of ethnic minorities in the northern region and frequent wars, a large number of northern gentry moved south and established a stormy southern regime.
Social chaos, political darkness, Confucianism, which occupies the dominant position, is gradually ignored because it cannot solve social problems, and metaphysics takes the opportunity to take its place and become the mainstream of social thought. The spread and development of Buddhism and metaphysics had a great influence on the diet at that time.
The growing Buddhism advocates not eating meat or drinking alcohol, advocating vegetarianism and avoiding spiced diet.
However, this is not a rigid requirement. It wasn't until Liang Wudi promulgated "Wine and Meat" that monks were required to eat wine and meat according to law, and that pasta was the main sacrifice in ancestral temples, that vegetarianism began to become a discipline that Han Buddhism must abide by.
The clear talk of metaphysics coincides with the lightness of vegetarianism, and vegetarianism has become a meal admired by scholars in this period. The characteristic of meat food is that it makes people fat and manic, while vegetarian food makes people thin and strong, which embodies the indifferent ambition of staying away from the rivers and lakes and conforms to the life and value orientation of retired literati. The prohibition of alcohol in Buddhism and the talk of metaphysics have made healthy vegetarianism popular for some time.
Vegetarianism for health preservation has swept the whole society, from the monarch to the official scholar-officials, and then to the common people, and the wind of vegetarianism has risen. Even the rulers and their families advocate vegetarianism, although the four seas are rich.
According to the Five Emperors of Liang Shu, Liang Wudi's diet is not meat and fish, but some foods, such as soybeans. Not only that, but Liang Wudi also published "Soft Writing of Breaking Wine", which is the specialty of Buddhist disciples. Among the dignitaries, although many spend money like water, there is no shortage of vegetarians. Lu Qing, a senior official, is honest and clean, and likes to eat wheat, rice and vegetables.
Most recluses take vegetarian food as their pleasure, and Ji Kang has expounded the diet theory of Laozi and Zhuangzi incisively and vividly-frying the internal organs with flavor, cooking the intestines and stomach with fermented grains, and rotting the bone marrow with incense. He advocates a light diet and less selfish desires, which is good for health.
In Wei and Jin Dynasties, vegetarianism dominated, but it didn't completely exclude meat food. In festivals, banquets and other special occasions, the status of meat food such as fish is particularly important, but generally speaking, meat food such as fish is always in an auxiliary and secondary position compared with vegetarian food such as rice, wheat and vegetables.
Pan An, a handsome man, mentioned in "Idle House" that "the garden is irrigated for daily use; Sheep and cheese, the cost of Evras ",shows that most people advocate vegetarianism. "
According to Qi Shu Yao Min, during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were wheat, beans, millet, rice and other food crops.
In addition, the vegetarian production of Buddhism at that time was very elegant. Although Buddhism forbids meat, it can enrich vegetarian raw materials. Chicken, duck, fish and so on can be imitated by vegetarianism. The taste is light and healthy, and the goods are vivid and refreshing.
Buddhist vegetarian food is made from a variety of raw materials, including fruits and vegetables, fungus food, bean products, etc., giving people a crisp, mellow and soft feeling. Of course, ordinary monks don't often eat these exquisite vegetarian dishes. Monks usually eat vegetables and porridge in the morning, with rice for lunch and porridge for dinner. Monks eat separately, and everyone eats separately with food.
Metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties paid attention to the integration of "essence" and "spirit", which realized the artistic conception of harmony between man and nature and formed the atmosphere of "living on food".
At first, "food" was only the unsuccessful career of southern literati, and later it turned to its own life and enjoyment. They are not satisfied with their talents, and hope to show their superiority of "being one with nature" with their extraordinary spiritual realm and enviable life.
At that time, the famous metaphysicist Yanhe took the lead in adopting Wu Thirteen. He is the grandson of General He Jin at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and a senior official in the official department. He likes to take Wu Shisan away.
Black stone powder, also known as cold food powder, is made of refined stalactite, actinolite, magnetite, hollow bluestone and raw sand. Wushi powder originated in the Han Dynasty, but few people took it because of the danger of death. However, during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yanhe took Wushi Powder and advocated its miraculous effect-"both treating diseases and making people happy". He thinks that after taking it, its appearance is radiant, showing its inner spiritual vitality.
According to Yu Jiaxi's "Academic Essay, Textual Research on Cold Food, Clothes Stories of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties", there are about 3 1 person in Jin Dynasty, 7 in Wei, 9 in Song, 3 in Qi, 4 in Liang, 4 in Chen 1 person, 4 in Wei, Jin, Northern Zhou and 2 in Sui.
Ji Kang is also a follower of keeping in good health by eating. He advocates breathing, taking food as health care, and achieving the unity of form and spirit and the unity of exterior and interior. Only by "nourishing the soul" can we achieve "supreme happiness" In fact, "taking food as the sky" is not a diet therapy, but to prolong life, using plants as raw materials, similar to the current health care products.
However, in the later period of metaphysics, the idea of keeping healthy by eating went to extremes, pursuing immortality or becoming immortal. In order to pursue immortality, the prescription of Wushisan has also changed. The prescription recorded in the silk book "Prescription for Health Preservation" unearthed in Mawangdui is actually based on Darkmouth. Not only is the prescription highly toxic, but people who take Wushi Powder must eat cold rice and not wear thick clothes. In the long run, their health will be worrying.
In addition, taking Wushi powder is also prone to hallucinations. Tuoba GUI, Emperor Daowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, was both wise and brave. He defeated his opponent in the Yan-Wei hegemony, dominated North China and moved the capital to Pingcheng, which laid the foundation for the Northern Wei Dynasty to unify the North. However, in his later years, such a man took Wu Shisan with him, and he had the illusion that "there are always unruly people trying to kill me", and his suspicion was increasing day by day. He wanted to protect his son TaBaShao's mother, Mrs He. TaBaShao colluded with the defenders and eunuchs and personally killed his father.
The famous metaphysical scholar's career is unsatisfactory, cynical and high-spirited, but his ambition is hard to show, so he chooses to take Wushi Powder regularly to express his determination not to go along with the secular. Later, the lofty pursuit of taking Wushisan gradually turned into a desire for immortality. Maybe they want to compare Whose Life is Hard with that era.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Ji Kang's free and easy, Guangling San's hearty, Ruan Ji's bohemian, celebrities' romantic, and his works were amazing. However, with the frequent regime changes, people began to pay attention to medical care because of the disaster of "you sing and I come on stage".
However, in the magical health bureau, from vegetarian diet to eating black food, the pursuit of feathering into immortality is full of the sorrow of the times. As Dickens said, this is the best time and the worst time.
References:
Qi Min yaoshu
Jin Shu
Idle residence fu