Sea cucumber belongs to the class Holothuria. The body is cylindrical, the mouth is at the front, and there are tentacles around it. The anus is at the back end. Bones are tiny calcareous bone fragments. Widely distributed in the oceans of the world. There are many species along the coast of the South China Sea. According to the survey, there are more than 20 kinds of edible sea cucumbers in China, among which Stichopus japonicus, Stichopus japonicus, Stichopus japonicus, Stichopus japonicus, Stichopus japonicus, Stichopus japonicus, Stichopus japonicus, Stichopus japonicus, Stichopus japonicus, Stichopus japonicus, Stichopus japonicus, etc. ? Fish, bighead carp and dark plum have high economic value. Stichopus japonicus is also called "Radix Adenophorae". Stichopus japonicus, with a cylindrical body and a body length of 20-40 cm. There are 20 antennae around the front port. There are 4-6 rows of bone spurs on the back and 3 rows of tube feet on the abdomen. Body color yellow brown, black brown, green brown, pure white or gray, etc. I like the fine sand seabed and the bottom of the rock reef with slow and stable water flow and abundant algae. Sleep when the water temperature is high in summer. When the environment is not suitable, the phenomenon of sewage discharge appears. Strong regeneration ability, can be regenerated after being damaged or cut. Edible. The northern coast of China produces a lot, which can be cultivated artificially. Japanese ginseng, Stichopus japonicus. The largest species of sea cucumber, with a body length of up to l meters. The dorsal spines are very large, and every 3- 1 1 root spines form petals at the base, hence the name "Plum Blossom Ginseng". It is also called "pineapple ginseng" because it looks like a pineapple. The ventral surface is flat, and the tube foot is small and dense. The mouth is slightly inclined to the ventral surface, and there are 20 tentacles around it. The back is orange-yellow or orange-red, scattered with yellow and brown spots; The abdomen is reddish; The tentacles are yellow. It often inhabits coral sand bottom with a depth of 3- 10 meter and a small amount of seaweed. Hidden fish (Carapus hoemi) often inhabit cloaca. Distributed in the Southwest Pacific' China is made in Xisha Islands. It is one of the best edible sea cucumbers in the South China Sea because of its large size and good quality. Cucumber, also known as "cucumber", belongs to Cucurbitaceae. Shaped like a sea cucumber. It is generally taupe, but there are also dark brown, deep purple or yellow-white ones. The body wall is fleshy and the surface is smooth. There are 10 tentacles around the mouth. Living in the sea. Edible. Paracaudina chilensis var, also known as "sea rat", belongs to the family Holothuridae. The body is spindle-shaped and is about 10 cm long. With a slender tail. There are 15 tentacles around the mouth. No pins and thorns. The body wall is thin, and its longitudinal muscles and internal organs can be seen slightly. The body color is taupe or yellowish brown. Sneak into the sand along the coast. Croton crab (Pinnixa) often lives in cloaca. Common in the north and south coasts of China. Sweet potato, arachnida. Body shape and body color are like sweet potatoes, hence the name. The body is spindle-shaped and 4- 12 cm long. Blunt front end, 15 antenna; There is an obvious tail at the back end. The body is flesh red; The body wall is thin and translucent. Caves in shallow sea sediments. Distributed in the coastal areas of China and the shallow seas of Japan, the Philippines and Indonesia.

Sea cucumber is a rare nutritional health food with high protein, low fat, low sugar and no cholesterol. Hundreds of millions of years of historical evolution, benthic reefs, the habit of seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages, the law of biological evolution of natural selection and survival of the fittest have accumulated extremely rich nutritional components in sea cucumbers, forming a nearly perfect, balanced and reasonable nutritional structure, which has been recognized by people since ancient times. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that medicine and food are homologous. Eating sea cucumber will become the first choice for modern people to keep healthy, nourish the body and prolong life. Sea cucumber is not only known as the first of the eight treasures in the ocean, but also has been regarded as a precious nourishing food and medicinal material. According to the analysis, fresh sea cucumber contains 76.5% moisture, 14. 1% protein, 0.2-0.3% fat, 0.3- 1. 1% ash and 94 kcal. The composition of dry sea cucumber is:100g containing 76.5g of protein. 357 mg of calcium, 2.4 mg of iron, 0.0 1 mg of thiamine, 0.02 mg of xanthene and 0. 1 mg of nicotinic acid. Dry sea cucumber contains 6000 micrograms of iodine per kilogram. Although the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in sea cucumber is low and its taste is poor, its nutritional value is extremely high, because it contains high levels of L- phenylalanine, arginine and pine acid, and the protein of sea cucumber is water-soluble, which can be decomposed into various amino acids easily absorbed by human body without the help of salt, acid, alkali and fat. Although the ancients could not analyze the effective components of sea cucumber, they gave a high evaluation of sea cucumber with thousands of years of experience in hanging pots. Ming Metabolism's Five Miscellaneous Notes said: "Sea cucumber …… is very warm and tonic, so it is named because it is full of enemy ginseng". The New Theory of Materia Medica in Qing Dynasty said that sea cucumber has the efficacy of "tonifying kidney and essence, strengthening yang and treating impotence".

Modern medicine has proved that sea cucumber contains more than 50 kinds of nutrients beneficial to human physiological activities, among which protein is extremely high, including 18 amino acids, taurine, chondroitin sulfate, sea cucumber mucopolysaccharide, calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine, zinc, selenium, vanadium, manganese and vitamin B 1, B2, nicotinic acid, etc. Of the 18 amino acids, 8 are essential amino acids that the human body cannot synthesize. In the eyes of Chinese people, the aphrodisiac function of sea cucumber is particularly prominent. This is because amino acids are the basic substances that constitute protein and the main material basis of human life activities. Among them, sea cucumber has the richest arginine content, so it is called "arginine monopoly". As we all know, arginine is the main component of male sperm cells and the main raw material for synthesizing human collagen, which can promote the regeneration of body cells and the repair of damaged bodies, improve human immune function and prolong life. Therefore, ancient doctors called sea cucumber "tonifying kidney meridian, benefiting essence, eliminating flaccidity, promoting fluid production, absorbing urine, strengthening yang, and generating hundreds of pulses." (compendium of materia medica).

Sea cucumbers from different sea areas and families also have different nutritional and medicinal values. In 1980s, Chinese scholars extracted a fucose-containing glycosaminoglycan from the body wall of sea cucumber, that is, sea cucumber glycosaminoglycan (hGAG). When studying the anti-tumor effect of hGAG, it is found that HGAG can cause bleeding in experimental animals, which makes people gradually realize its anticoagulant effect. The researchers used hGAG to treat normal people and patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular thrombotic diseases, and found that HGAG has the function of anticoagulation, reducing blood viscosity and blood lipid, which is conducive to improving the activity of anticoagulant system and delaying thrombosis.

It is worth mentioning that sea cucumber is a rare nutritional health food with high protein, low fat, low sugar and no cholesterol. Hundreds of millions of years of historical evolution, benthic reefs, the habit of seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages, the law of biological evolution of natural selection and survival of the fittest have accumulated extremely rich nutritional components in sea cucumbers, forming a nearly perfect, balanced and reasonable nutritional structure, which has been recognized by people since ancient times. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that medicine and food are homologous. Eating sea cucumber will become the first choice for modern people to keep healthy, nourish the body and prolong life.

As for how to eat, there are too many. In Beijing, bibimbap is usually served with sauce, and in Jiaodong, it is usually served with sea cucumber soup. The best Shandong cuisine is onion and sea cucumber.