The second is Yu Qian.
The following is an introduction to him by Encyclopedia.
biography
Ming Xianzong, Wang Shouren, was born in Yuyao, Zhejiang during Chenghua years. His father Wang Hua and Wang Hua won the first prize in the 17 years of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (148 1), and Wang Shouren moved to Peiping (Beijing) with his father.
In Ming history, Wang Shouren was born as Wang Yun, but he could not speak when he was five years old. He didn't speak until he told others that he had changed his name to Wang Shouren. Wang Hua is very strict with his son's family education. When Wang Shouren was a teenager, he studied martial arts and worked very hard, but he liked playing chess very much, which often delayed his lessons. Although his father scolded him repeatedly, he never changed his mind. In a rage, he threw chess into the river. Wang Shouren's heart shook passively, and he suddenly realized that he immediately wrote a poem to pin his ambition:
Chess is fun all day long, but once it is lost by strict relatives.
The soldiers fell into the river without rescue, and the generals drowned together.
A horse travels thousands of miles with the waves, like swimming in the Three Rivers.
There was an earthquake with a cannon, and Wolong immediately became worried.
He calls himself Zhuge Liang and is determined to achieve something. After that, I studied hard and made great progress in my study. Riding, shooting and the art of war have become more and more skilled. In the twelfth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1499), he was admitted to the imperial examination and was awarded the post of the Ministry of War. At that time, the imperial court knew that he was a learned man, but Zhong Zhang, the eunuch of the prefect's military affairs, thought that Wang Shouren had taught the scribes of the Ministry of War, so he looked down on Shou Ren. Once he forced Shouren to shoot an arrow in public, trying to make a fool of himself. Unexpectedly, Shouren filed a bow and arrow, brushed three arrows, hit three shots, and the whole army cheered, which made Zhong Zhang very embarrassed.
Wang Shouren was the director of the Ministry of War for three years, and suddenly suffered from lung disease and died of it. The building is located in Yangming Cave next to Long Rui Palace in Huiji Mountain. The deceased was called Mr. Yangming. After recovering from illness, Wang Shouren was sentenced to 40 years old in Zheng Deyuan (1506) of the Ming Dynasty and relegated to Longchang (xiuwen county). After Liu Jin was punished, he was appointed as the magistrate of Luling County and was promoted to Shao Qing of Nantaipu Temple. At that time, Wang Qiong was appointed minister of the Ministry of War. He thought that Shouren had unparalleled talent and recommended it to the court. In the eleventh year of Zheng De (15 16), he took the right suggestion and succeeded the governor of Gannan. He got on the horse to run the army, got off the horse to run the people, and the civilian was in charge of the military code, combining civil and military, doing things in Zhi Min and using troops quickly. In order to suppress the peasant uprising and put down the "Chen Hao rebellion", he worshipped the Nanjing Ministry of War and sealed "Xinjian Bo". Later, because of his high performance, he resigned and went back to his hometown to give lectures. He founded academies in Shaoxing and Yuyao to promote "Wang Xue". In the sixth year of Jiajing (1527), he was transferred back to the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. Later, due to lung disease, he went begging and died in Nan 'an, Jiangxi. Qiao Wencheng.
childhood
Wang Yangming was born in the eighth year of Chenghua in Ming Xianzong (1472) on September 30th, and entered a scholarly family and an official family. His ancestor was Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His father, Wang Hua, was the champion in Chenghua seventeen years (148 1), and later became an official in Nanjing. According to the chronicle, on the eve of his birth, his grandmother dreamed that someone had sent a son from the clouds. When I woke up, Wang Yangming was just born, so my grandfather named him Wang Yun, and the villagers also called his birthplace Ruiyun Building. However, he didn't speak until he was five years old. One day, a monk passed by and touched his head and said, "Good boy, it's a pity to tell the truth", meaning that his name "Yun" revealed the secret of his birth. His grandfather suddenly woke up and changed his name to Shouren. After that, he began to speak. This story is a bit of a myth, but it can be seen from this story that he did not show intelligence when he was young.
When he was ten years old, his father was the top student in high school, and Wang Yangming went to Beijing with his father. When passing through Jinshan Temple, my father and friends got together. At the banquet, someone suggested making a poem about Jinshan Temple. Everyone is still thinking hard. Wang Yangming has already finished: "Jinshan is as big as a fist, breaking the underwater sky." I was drunk on the wonderful platform last month, and Xiao Yu blew through the hole and fell asleep. " The fourth floor was shocked, and he was asked to write poems to build a moon house. Wang Yangming casually intoned, "The mountain is near the moon, and the sidewalk is bigger than the moon. If people have eyes as big as the sky, the mountains and the moon can see wider. " Show extraordinary imagination and profound cultural accomplishment.
When he was studying in Beijing at the age of eleven or twelve, he asked his teacher, "What's the first thing?" The teacher said that "only reading can get the first place in the imperial examination". At that time, he said, "The first thing is not to study, but to learn to be a saint." Despite this, he has been unruly since he was a child, and all records say that he is not so "heroic". For example, after the death of 13-year-old mother, his stepmother was very bad to him. He bribed a witch to play tricks on his stepmother so that she could be nice to him from now on. He doesn't study very hard and often leads his companions to play military games. When he was young, he traveled the border, practiced riding and archery, and showed the secrets of Sun Tzu's art of war. He often takes the method of arranging stones as a game when meeting guests.
Ideological evolution
At the age of seventeen, he went to Nanchang to marry Zhu Yanghe's daughter Zhu Shi, but no one could find him on the wedding day. It turned out that this day he wandered into the Tiezhu Taoist Temple. When I met a Taoist who meditated there, I asked him for advice. The Taoist told him a way to keep in good health, and he sat quietly with the Taoist until his father-in-law took him back the next day. Since then, he has often discussed health preservation with Taoist priests from all over the world.
At the age of twenty-two, Li Dongyang, then the cabinet official equivalent to the prime minister, said with a smile: "If you miss this time, you will win the championship in the Ministry and strive to be the champion in the Ministry." Wang Yangming's pen hangs, and the old man in the DPRK is surprised as a genius.
Jealous people say that if the young man wins the first prize, he will be arrogant. At the age of twenty-five, I failed the exam under the pressure of taboo.
At the age of twenty-eight, he did well in the examination of the Ministry of War, and was among the best. He won the Jinshi and taught the Ministry of War. Wang Yangming praised Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism in his early years. In order to practice Zhu's "learning from the law", he made up his mind to cultivate bamboo for seven days and seven nights. As a result, he found nothing, but he fell ill. From then on, Wang Yangming had great doubts about the theory of "Wu Ge".
In the year of Zheng Deyuan (1506), Ming Wuzong was sentenced to 40 years in court for opposing eunuch Liu Jin, and was demoted to Longchang, Guizhou (70 miles northwest of Guiyang, xiuwen county) as an official. He came to the southwest mountainous area of China, where the mountains are thin and Miao and Liao live together, which gave him a new understanding of the central idea of the university. Wang Shouren believes that the heart is the root of everything, and everything in the world is the product of the heart. I realized that "the sage's way is self-sufficient, and seeking truth from facts is also a mistake." History calls Longchang Enlightenment. During this period, he wrote "Training all the students in the Dragon Field". Many of his disciples were puzzled by his theory of "unreasonable outside the heart, nothing outside the heart" and asked him: What is the relationship between the flower trees in Nanshan and my heart? He replied, "When I didn't see this flower, it died with my heart." When I came to see this flower, I understood its color for a while. I know this flower is not outside your heart. "
[Edit this paragraph] Military achievements
Jiangxi pingding
In the 12th year of Zhengde (15 17), there was a rebellion in the south of Jiangxi and the mountainous areas bordering Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong. Mountain people rely on caves to build villages and form their own army in Fiona Fang, nearly a thousand miles away. The local officials were helpless, so they told the imperial court. The Ministry of War advised Jiangxi, the governor Wang Shouren, who was the right capital of the empire at that time, to suppress the rebellion.
In the 13th year of Zheng De's reign (15 18), in the first month, Wang Shouren pacified Chi Zhongrong (Chidabian), and invited him to establish Heping County and County School. In March, Shouren arrived in Jiangxi to take up his post. Quickly mobilize troops from the three provinces to suppress the uprisings in Xinfeng and other places. In July, Wang Shouren read that the war caused great losses. Last week, he asked the court to allow him to woo himself. The Ming court entrusted the local military and political power and allowed it to be humble. 10, Wang Shouren led his troops to attack Lantianfeng and Xiezhishan Barracks in Zuoxi, Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province, and joined forces with them in Zuoxi. Wang Shouren surrendered himself. In November, Wang Shouren sent a special envoy to woo, and broke the blue sky phoenix department.
Take King Ning alive.
Wang Shouren's greatest military achievement in his life was to quell Wang Ning Chen Hao's rebellion. When he was going to Fujian to wipe out bandits (there were not many troops), his troops had just marched to Fengcheng, and Ning Wang Zhu suddenly rebelled. Therefore, Wang Shouren actively prepared for war, allocated rations, repaired equipment, and then issued a denunciation of thieves and robbers, published an indictment against Wang Ning, and asked all localities to arise and be diligent.
At that time, I was most worried about the invasion and occupation of Nanjing by Zhu Dong, the king of Ning. If Nanjing falls, Ning Wang will have the capital to claim the title of emperor, and at the same time occupy the geographical position, which is hard to destroy. Wang Shouren bluffing, using false propaganda and false information, disturbed Wang Ning's sight, forcing him to make a wrong judgment, thinking that various armies have formed a trend of encirclement. At the same time, the use of double agents made Wang Ning doubt the strategy of his men to attack Nanking. Ning Wang was really taken in. He hesitated for half a month and was at a loss. He dare not send troops to attack Nanjing. Wang Shouren took advantage of this opportunity to prepare to defend Nanjing, making it impossible for Wang Ning to attack Nanjing.
In July, King Ning led 60,000 men, captured Jiujiang and Nankang, and crossed the river to attack Anqing. At this time, Wang Shouren has mobilized 80,000 troops (mainly local militia and farmers), claiming to be 300,000. It was pointed out that Anqing should be given first aid. Wang Shouren said, "Jiujiang and Nankang have been occupied by the enemy. If we cross Nanchang to save Anqing, we will be caught between Scylla and Charybdis. Now Nanchang is empty, and our army is full of momentum, which can be broken in one fell swoop. When the enemy heard of the fall of Nanchang, they would certainly return to the division to save it. At this time, when we meet him in Poyang Lake, we will definitely win. "
Nanchang was quickly breached and stopped for two days. Wang Shouren sent his generals to meet Wang Ning's army in Huiyuan, Nanchang. Four divisions marched in and ambushed all the way. After the war, Wang Ning's army was quickly attacked between Scylla and Charybdis and was divided into several parts. Later, he was ambushed and defeated, and fled to the eight-character brain area. Seeing a genial smile, King Ning quickly dispatched the elite troops from Jiujiang and Nankang to attack, and sent several troops to meet and win Nankang.
This battle is quite fierce and it is a key battle. Once the loyalist retreated, Wang Shouren immediately beheaded the evacuee and ordered the army to fight to the death. Finally, the enemy was defeated. The enemy surrendered to the woodshed area and arranged the ships in a square. Ning Wang took out gold and silver jewelry to reward soldiers and asked them to fight for their lives.
But Wang Shouren saw the defects of Wang Ning's phalanx, and he decided to follow Battle of Red Cliffs's example and set the ship on fire. The next day, King Ning held a "morning meeting" on the boat. Wang Shouren's army arrived, loaded the boat with grass, set fire to the wind, and burned Wang Ning's auxiliary boat. Imperial secretaries and civil and military officials below Princess Lou committed suicide by jumping into the sea. Wang Ning's ship ran aground, unable to move, and quickly changed to a small boat to escape, and was caught by Wang Mian, a subordinate of Wang Yangming, and other civil and military ministers in Wang Ning also became prisoners. Soon, Nankang and Jiujiang were also captured by loyalists, and Wang Ning's rebellion was completely quelled, only for 35 days. Therefore, Wang Shouren is called "the God of Daming Army".
Later, Ming Wuzong went to war under the pseudonym of "General Zhu Shou". The eunuch intends to release Wang Ning, let Wu Zong fight Wang Ning, and personally arrest him to please the emperor. Wang Yangming showed kindness to eunuch Zhang Yong, indicating that doing so would kill more people. Finally, the result of coordination is: let Ming Wuzong go to Nanjing, and then let Wang Ning be captured by the emperor, and everyone is happy.
The full text of Wang's Meritorious Monument:
Ji Mao and Yi Hai rebelled in Nanchang, saying that the soldiers were going to Que. Break Nankang, Jiujiang, and attack Anqing, shaking far and near.
19 1 1 In July, Minister Shouren returned to Nanchang with soldiers belonging to the family of martyrs, and Chen Hao was captured. Others in the party decided. When really, the son of heaven heard that he was angry, and the pro-unified Sixth Division came to discuss it, so he took Chen Hao back.
In Hehuang Wei, SHEN WOO didn't kill him. For example, is it an earthquake, smashed or folded? If the artifact is returned, who dares to peek? In view of the splendor of Chen Hao, it shows the spirit of the emperor to better our country.
Zheng De Chen Geng was unlucky in the first month, and the military affairs of the governor were advised, Wang Shouren wrote. The attached officials are listed on the left.
[Edit this paragraph] Educational thought
"On Practice" is divided into three volumes, namely, upper, middle and lower volumes, which are included in "Wang Wen's Book of Success", including one to three volumes, as well as a single book. The volume contains quotations from Wang Shouren's lectures, including the "theory of matter" and "mind is reason" mainly discussed in his early lectures, as well as the related issues of mind and nature in Confucian classics; This volume is mainly composed of seven letters written by Wang Shouren to his contemporaries and students. Actually, it is seven books about learning, in addition to socialism. Among them, Gu Dongqiao's Answer, Teaching and Reading Liu and so on have great influence. , focusing on the theory of "unity of knowledge and action" and "to conscience". The second volume is Quotations of Lectures, and the second volume is a summary of Zhu's later years. Zhu Zi's conclusion in his later years includes a preface he wrote and 34 self-reproaching words in Zhu Yi, aiming at making Zhu self-criticism and self-denial, and proving that Zhu did have a tendency of "returning to the roots and seeking truth" in his later years. The quotations from Wang Shouren's speeches included in the volume mainly discuss "conscience" and "to conscience". The Manuscript, edited by Wang's disciples Xu Ai and Qian Dehong, contains the main contents of the theory, which has always been regarded as the "classic" of Yangming's mind and is an important material for studying educational thoughts. All the quotations were recorded by Wang Men's disciples, but the editor just arranged them, indicating which articles were recorded by whom, without further arrangement, so there is no internal logical connection between the articles. Wang Shouren's Seven Letters is the representative work of Wang Shouren's academic works. However, when reading these letters, if we link them with other letters about learning, they reflect Wang Shouren's more mature educational thoughts in his later years. However, due to the editor's choice, some important works such as Respect for Classics in Jishan Academy and Questions about Universities were not included, which obviously made us feel inadequate in understanding and studying Wang Shouren's educational thoughts. Therefore, when commenting on Biography, it is necessary to contact other chapters in the book.
[Edit this paragraph] Ideological achievements
Wang Shouren is a master of subjective idealism in Song and Ming Dynasties. He developed Lu Jiuyuan's theory against the Zhu Cheng School. He said: "The heart of good and evil has no body, and the heart of good and evil is useful. Knowing the good and knowing the evil conscience is good for the good and good for the good. " And take this as the teaching purpose. He asserted that "the principle of everything is not in my heart" and "knowing is the principle of heaven"; Deny that there are reasons, things and things outside the heart. It is believed that learning is to "learn only from its heart" and "compare with planting, the heart takes root." Those who study, cultivate, irrigate and support hoes are nothing more than roots. "It is required to use this method of self-cultivation to achieve the so-called' integration of all things'. His theories of "unity of knowledge and action" and "progress of knowledge and action" are aimed at opposing the theory of "knowing and action in turn" of Ru Songru and Cheng Yi, and various statements that separate the relationship between knowledge and action. He talked about children's education, opposed to "whipping the rope and imprisoning if you want", and advocated that "you must be encouraged and the center will be happy" in order to achieve "natural nature, daily necessities". His theory appeared in an "anti-traditional" posture, and after the middle of Ming Dynasty, Yangming school was formed and had great influence. He accepts disciples everywhere. After his death, Wang Xue was divided into several schools, but the same school appeared, and each school had its own advantages. His philosophical thoughts are widely circulated overseas, especially in Japanese academic circles. Tougou Heihachirou, a Japanese general, has a waist tag that "worships Yang Ming all his life". His disciples and psychology have influenced many people: Xu Jie, Zhang, Harry, Tao Xingzhi and so on. And they are famous overseas!
Wang Shouren is not only a philosopher and educator, but also a famous poet. He loves the mountains and rivers in his hometown very much. After he returned to his hometown, he often visited places of interest and left many well-known poems. As he wrote "Recalling Longquan Mountain":
I love Longquan Mountain, where monks are quite wild.
Sitting in the well all day, sometimes lying in Panasonic.
Don't go to Yunshan for one night, travel for three years.
Shame on killing the spring under the rock will clear itself sooner or later.
Wang Shouren traveled to Xuedou Mountain in Fenghua, and his poem Xuedou Mountain is beautiful. People have been telling it for hundreds of years.
It is difficult to break the poor mountain road alone, but it is difficult to cross a thousand streams and see the stone altar.
Gog rings the bell and the monk sleeps. It's very cold in summer in Lin Yuan.
Gu Lei is faintly connected with the rock waterfall, and Shan Yu is closely reflected with the bamboo pole.
Don't be surprised that all the peaks are familiar. I have seen this painting once.
Wang Shouren's life is full of works. After his death, his teacher compiled 38 volumes of Wang Wencheng's Book of Public Rights, among which the most important philosophical works were biographies and university questions.
He condensed his ideas into four sentences:
No good, no disgusting body,
There are good deeds and bad intentions.
Knowing good and evil is conscience,
Doing good and eliminating evil is a good thing.
Yuyao "Four Monuments Pavilion" has a monument pavilion to commemorate him. The inscription reads: the hometown of Wang Yangming, a sage of Ming Dynasty. Couplet: once a famous university teacher, there are still high-rise buildings that reveal Ruiyun. Banner: True Three Immortals.
"unreasonable outside the heart"
Inheriting Lu Jiuyuan's theory and carrying forward Lu's thought, it is called "Lu Wang School". Based on the theory of "mind is reason", Lu Jiuyuan thinks that the place where things start is to realize the truth. Wang Shouren was dissatisfied with Lu Jiuyuan's explanation. He said: Lu Xiangshan's learning, "he knows speculation and the language of things, although he is tired and does not follow."
Oppose Cheng's method of "seeking the ultimate truth through things", because things are endless and unique, which is too tiring. Therefore, he advocated seeking the truth from his own heart, believing that the truth is in his own heart, and the truth is transformed into all things in the universe. People have grasped its subtlety, so people have grasped its essence.
As Lu Jiuyuan said, "The heart is rational and the heart is rational." Why not look outside? Therefore, it is obvious that "initial heart" is clear about "heaven". Therefore, Wang Shouren emphasized: "There is only one heart, which means benevolence in terms of all its troubles;" As far as its appropriateness is concerned, this means righteousness; As far as its organization is concerned, this means reason. Can't seek benevolence, justice and reason from outside? This knowing and doing is two because it seeks truth from the outside; Seeking truth from my heart, this holy gate is the teaching of unity of knowledge and action. "
"Unity of knowing and doing"
In the relationship between knowledge and practice, starting from "the universe is one", we oppose Zhu's "foresight" theory. Wang Shouren thinks that since we know this truth, we should carry it out. If you just claim to know and don't practice, it can't be called real knowledge. Real knowledge cannot be separated from practice. For example, when you know the truth of filial piety, you are already very filial and care about your parents; When you know kindness, you have treated your friends with kindness. The real unity of knowing and doing lies in doing what you know. Knowing and doing happen at the same time. His aim is "if there is something wrong with the engine, knock it down, and it needs to be completely eradicated so as not to lurk in the chest."
In the handbook compiled by his students, Wang Shouren understood Zhu's theory of separation of knowledge and action, such as "after the prophet's behavior". Ancient sages saw that many people spent a lot of time and energy on knowledge and neglected action, thinking that this would lead to grandiose atmosphere, so they began to emphasize the need to know before acting, and later people understood it as saying that they should act after acting, which misunderstood the sage's meaning. Beijing Jiaotong University, Northeastern University and Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics regard it as part of the school motto.
To conscience
Wang Shouren has experienced many deaths and hardships in life. At the age of 50, he put forward the academic purpose of "to conscience" as if the finishing touch: "A certain theory of conscience comes from many deaths and tribulations, so I want to speak it out at once. I am afraid that scholars will treat it as a child's play, treat it as a situation, treat it as hard work, and treat it as ignorance! "
"just ask for it"
Wang Yangming advocated the "seeking truth from facts" style of study, and made many explanations. Today, the spirit of "seeking truth" is still very important. Zhejiang University regards it as part of its motto.
Scholars, agriculture, industry and commerce
Gu put forward in Volume 7 of Rizhilu that "scholars, farmers and businessmen are called four people, and their theory began with Guan Zi (Guan Zhong)." Wang Yangming believes that scholars, agriculture, industry and commerce "all belong to the ways that are beneficial to strangers, and then merge into one", and further explains the view that "the four ancient people walked in different ways, shared the same way, and specialized in one thing". He put the industry and commerce, which has always been regarded as a "cheap industry" in the traditional concept, at the same height as scholars. (Table of Jiean Cemetery) Wang Yangming's Addendum to the Manual says: "Although trading by the day does not harm him as a saint." This theory is called "New Four-person Theory".
"four-sentence teaching"
"Four-sentence teaching" is a comprehensive summary of Wang Yangming's philosophical thoughts in his later years, that is, "there is no body that is good and disgusting, and there is a good and malicious trip, knowing good and evil as a conscience, and eliminating evil as a style".
For details, see "Those Things in the Ming Dynasty".
[Edit this paragraph] merit tablet
In ancient times, after a great war, the winning party, the metropolis, carved stones near the battlefield to remember its merits and demerits. Lushan Mountain also has such a place.
There is a stone wall dozens of feet square under Xiufeng Li Jing's reading platform. There are three stone carvings on the stone wall: seven buddha written by Huang Tingjian, a great poet and calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, a poem written in the Ming Dynasty on the right, and an inscription written by Wang Yangming on this stone after Zhu Pingding's rebellion on the left, which is called a merit tablet. Inscription *** 136 words, solemn and vigorous font, stone three points. Later generations commented on this inscription cloud: This mountain is immortal at the moment, and the wind and thunder care for the light in the forest.
Wang Shouren, whose real name is Boan, was born in Yangming Cave, his hometown, and was called Mr. Yangming. Wang Yangming, a native of Zhejiang, was a famous philosopher, educator, politician and strategist in ancient China. He used to be the chief of the military capital. In the 14th year of Ming Dynasty (15 19), in June 14, the imperial clan king Zhu rose up and rebelled in Nanchang. Hundreds of rebels swept Nankang and went straight to Jiujiang. All the way to Anqing, forcing Nanjing, there was a tendency to go north and take the capital directly, and the Ming court shook up and down, making people panic. At this time, Wang Yangming, the governor of Gannan, who was stationed in Fengcheng, quickly rushed to Ji' an, made decisive decisions, mobilized troops, and went straight to Nanchang, the lair of the rebels. When he heard the news, he was anxious to see Li. Wang Yangming and the rebels fought Poyang Lake. In just 35 days, Wang Yangming defeated the insurgents and captured Zhu alive in Misheng Street near Nanchang. A great rebellion that endangered the country was almost put down in laughter. However, Wang Yangming made such great contributions, but he was not rewarded by the court. Instead, he was slandered and framed by a series of people. Ming Wuzong even felt that Wang Yangming put down the rebellion so easily and lost face. He believes that such a battle should be performed by his own troops from the south. Eunuch Zhang Zhongzhi framed him and colluded with him. Since Wu Zong asked Wang Yangming to let him go and let him lead the army to fight Zhu again ... In this case, Wang Yangming rushed to Qiantang overnight and handed Chen Hao over to the eunuch. At the same time, according to the will of Wu Zong, he won again and attributed the victory of counter-insurgency to Wu Zong. In this way, the emperor's face was taken care of and Wang Yangming's life was guaranteed.
On the 30th day of the first month of the following year, Wang Yangming went to Kaixian Temple (now Xiufeng Temple) and carved stones to record his merits. The memorial tablet praised the emperor's "imperial power SHEN WOO" and "pro-unification six-part proposal, and then capture Chen Haogui". In a short inscription, Wang Yangming also vaguely expressed his complicated feelings.
Probably Wang Yangming was impressed by the scenery around Kaixian Temple when he carved stones to record his merits. He likes this place very much. In March this year, he came to Kaixian Temple again. Wandering in the forest, thinking about water, this quiet landscape, this Lin Tao spring stone and many cultural attractions all remind him of his ups and downs and bumpy life. With emotion, he wrote several poems to express his inner worries.
Its "revisiting the wall of Kaixian Temple" cloud:
Zhong Cheng didn't understand business, and he looked around for mountains and temples.
I am still paying for my wife and children, but I have not left my post until now.
I have been here twice before the opening of the light in March, but the door of the temple monk is not open.
The mountain gods seem too vulgar to drive, and the stream wind blows people's backs.
Don't you see that a rich family is like wine, five fights will wake you up.
The mountains and rivers are harmless, and the floating name is not in my trace!
There is also "Longtan Night Sitting" cloud:
Where is the fragrance of flowers clear at night? The sound of the stone forest hut across the stream.
Everyone who is lonely is out of the moon, and birds and mountains are singing when it is empty.
The grass is wet and the wind is lighter than the kudzu;
In the stream, if you want to write a blue meaning, the north of the river and the south of the river are infinite.
This poem expresses the author's loneliness, melancholy and heaviness. After hundreds of years, the memorial tablet under Li Jing's reading platform is still clear and eye-catching. After reading this inscription of 100 words, you can read the two poems mentioned above. Facing the stone wall is like facing a deep page of history. Through the inscription praising the emperor's imperial power, we can see the true face of the covered history.
Attachment: Full text of Jigong Monument:
Zheng De, born in June, and Chen Hao called soldiers to Que when they rebelled in Nanchang. Break Nankang, Jiujiang, and attack Anqing, shaking far and near.
19 1 1 In July, Minister Shouren returned to Nanchang with soldiers belonging to the family of martyrs, and Chen Hao was captured. Others in the party decided. When really, the son of heaven heard that he was angry, and the pro-unified Sixth Division came to discuss it, so he took Chen Hao back.
In Hehuang Wei, SHEN WOO didn't kill him. For example, is it an earthquake, smashed or folded? If the artifact is returned, who dares to peek? In view of the splendor of Chen Hao, it shows the spirit of the emperor to better our country.
Zheng De Chen Geng was unlucky in the first month, and Wang Shouren, commander-in-chief of military affairs, wrote a book. The attached officials are listed on the left.
[Edit this paragraph] Political views
He advocated clear "reward and punishment" to improve the effectiveness of the rule, and advocated practicing ethics to prevent "crime". He believes that rewards and punishments are "great gifts of the country" and should be paid full attention to and used correctly. At that time, there were more and more "thieves" because of the excessive use of "Zhao Fu", because of the lack of troops, and because of the lack of good implementation of rewards and punishments, so that "death is effective and there is no suggestion and reward; Retreat and flee, there is no sum of slaughter. " Such laws are not clear, and rewards and punishments are not believed, even if there are millions of troops, it is useless. He also advocated that "the reward should not exceed the time, and the punishment should not exceed the time". He believed that the outdated reward was equal to no reward, and the outdated punishment was equal to no punishment, which did not play the role of persuading good and punishing evil. The purpose of these propositions is to improve the efficiency of governance in order to "break the thief in the mountain". He also advocated moral education to alleviate class contradictions and reduce the number of crimes and rebellions. He said, "If people are poor, there will always be thieves." He thought that the people were already very poor, and if they continued to accept it, they would be driven to be thieves. Therefore, it is necessary to "stop paying redundant employees' wages, damage the rewards that are not urgent, stop paying anonymous levy, and strictly save expenses", and implement "relief" and "rent-free" for the victims, so that they "will not give up on themselves and become thieves". Therefore, he opposed "legislation belittles morality" and advocated "establishing factions to change customs" immediately after suppressing the people's uprising in order to achieve long-term stability. He taught junior officials that even barbarians could be affected if they tried their best to "love the people" and implemented the policy of "nurturing education". Even the place where "thieves make strong beams" can become "the crown of ceremonial ceremonies". He stressed that the purpose of this aspect is to focus on one thing, that is, to "break the thief" with soft hands. But there is a limit to this soft hand. He emphasized that punishment is the guarantee of "moral education". "If there are stubborn and tough people who refuse to obey the government", they must "immediately arrest them and govern them by military law, and no thieves are allowed to be stubborn".
Emphasize that law enforcement should be "emotional and legal", treat him differently, and oppose "greedy and indiscriminate killing, regardless of jade." For example, when dealing with the rebels in the "Chen Hao Rebellion", they advocated that only the principal offender should be sentenced to death. As for those who "disobey", they think that "the original situation will be fulfilled, the loss will be light, and the penalty will be like injury". It is better to "obey the will of the people" and sentence them to exile the army forever, so that "the feelings and laws can be exhausted" and "the crime is too light". In another "notice", he even announced that those who were coerced into "insurrection" would be exempted from investigation. "For the first time, everyone was allowed to vote to avoid death and give them a chance to return to work." Doing so not only makes the police know, but also shows the "kindness" of the court. This is the concrete application of his "soft-hearted hooligan" strategy in law. In addition, he also advocated that the application of the law should be combined with the specific local conditions at that time, especially in remote areas where the land is far away and the politics and religion are inferior, and when the people are ignorant of the law, all matters such as "learning money and food" can be handled conveniently from the local reality at that time: "At the request of the applicant, promote the reformers and protect the people." Under the principle of "action by force", he noticed the flexibility of applying the law.
We should pay attention to "discipline", purge law enforcement personnel and put an end to "extra-legal punishment". We should vigorously clean up the illegal acts of the children of dignitaries stealing official positions, such as meanness, "harassing the road, making meritorious deeds by taking advantage of the situation, getting something for nothing, relaxing the morale of the soldiers, and encouraging resentment in border defense", especially for law enforcement officers who "fight violence with violence." However, he pointed out that in the judicial trial, "it is difficult to punish Cao Dian for prison proceedings" and things are "complicated and difficult". They are often suppressed and restrained by powerful people, so that if they break the prison according to law, "it is not out of mouth, but humiliation has been imposed on them;" Things are not solved in reverse, but the machine has been sent into a trap. " In this case, it is very difficult to make them "not obsessed with the law, not suffering from disaster." In this regard, it is especially necessary to remove obstacles to the implementation of the law by cleaning up bureaucracy and strict rewards and punishments. He also urged to strengthen prison management and put an end to "extra-judicial punishment", pointing out that the "prison-lifting hall" in the capital is an important place where "all prisons in the world exist", and officials responsible for lifting prisons must take it seriously, especially "shackles, key opening and closing, prevention of cold and hot weather, special support for hunger and thirst diseases". This can not only prevent "accidents", but also prevent prisoners from being "lightly abandoned to death". He also stressed that the "crimes" committed by prisoners in prison are not all "forbidden secrets", and there are also reasons why improper supervision has prompted them to commit crimes again. Therefore, only if the order in the prison is "not harsh and dense" and the prisoners are not subject to "extra-legal punishment" can we avoid "more harm than good".