Prevention and maintenance of osteoarthritis
According to the investigation, cold stimulation is the main cause of knee pain in osteoarthritis, and people's knees are not cold-resistant. Therefore, patients should "keep warm locally" on their joints. Orthopedic experts at Muyang Hospital affiliated to Renji Medical University reminded patients not to do strenuous exercise, such as basketball, volleyball and badminton. In fact, jumping, falling, sharp turning and other actions are great tests for the knee joint, and it is easy to cause joint damage if you are not careful. For the elderly, walking and swimming are more suitable sports. Don't forget to do warm-up exercises before exercise. Jogging and gymnastics can warm up, move joints, muscles and ligaments, prepare joints and reduce joint injuries.
After the age of 45, due to the sharp increase in the aging degree of the knee joint, the functions of various organs of the body gradually decline, the elasticity of articular cartilage decreases, and it gradually wears and thins, so the knee joint is particularly vulnerable to injury, so special attention should be paid to it. Once the knee joint hurts, it should be sooner rather than later.
The treatment of osteoarthritis with multi-molecular reactive oxygen species focuses on inhibiting inflammation, repairing tissues and relieving pain. Because of its definite curative effect and rapid improvement of clinical symptoms, it is highly praised by European and American medical circles.
1, treating arthritis
1. physical therapy
Physical therapy mainly includes the following types: direct current therapy and drug iontophoresis, low-frequency pulse electrotherapy, medium-frequency current therapy, high-frequency electrotherapy, magnetic field therapy, ultrasonic therapy, acupuncture and phototherapy, that is, infrared ray, ultraviolet ray and cold therapy.
On the basis of drug therapy, choosing appropriate physical therapy according to the position and nature of joint involvement can better relieve joint symptoms and promote functional recovery. In acute arthritis stage, ultraviolet radiation can reduce joint inflammation, while in subacute and chronic stage, hyperthermia is the main method.
2. Drug therapy
Pay attention to the following points when choosing therapeutic drugs:
drug therapy
1) The types and causes of arthritis are different, so we must make clear these before treatment.
2) The patient's age, whether accompanied by other diseases, whether using other drugs, whether pregnant.
3) Efficacy, tolerance, safety, dosage and compliance of the drug.
4) In the treatment of arthritis, children's expenses are relatively high, so we must make plans before treatment.
Therapeutic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis mainly include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids (gs), slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), botanical drugs and biological agents. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are first-line anti-rheumatic drugs, which can quickly relieve joint symptoms, but can't stop the progress of the disease. They should be used in combination with other drugs as appropriate.
Gs is the strongest anti-inflammatory drug. If used correctly, it can quickly relieve inflammation and control the disease, but it cannot be abused. It is suitable for extraarticular manifestations, transitional treatment and local application.
20 10 Chinese journal of rheumatology guidelines for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis suggest that the principle of using Gs for rheumatoid arthritis is short-term, low-dose, combined with vitamin D3 and calcium, and intra-articular injection. For patients with rheumatoid arthritis, early, combined and individualized use of DMARDs can control the disease at an early stage, obviously slow down the progress of the disease and improve the prognosis.
These drugs mainly include methotrexate (MTX), sulfasalazine (SASP), leflunomide (LEF) and hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ). However, the effect of DMARDs in relieving pain is poor, and it will take some time to take effect, so NSAIDs or Gs should be combined in the acute stage of arthritis.
Infection by hemolytic streptococcus groups A and B can cause arthritis manifestations of rheumatic fever. Penicillin is the most effective drug to control acute streptococcal infection. Patients with acute rheumatic fever receive long-term antibiotic treatment to prevent the occurrence of long-term rheumatic carditis. The prevention time for adults shall not be less than 5 years, and that for children shall not be less than 18 years.
Tuberculous arthritis and fungal arthritis need to be combined with the above treatment on the basis of active and effective anti-tuberculosis or antifungal drugs, while viral arthritis does not need antiviral treatment. Reactive arthritis is also related to microbial infection, but the course of most patients is self-limited, usually disappearing in 3-5 months. The course of some patients is as long as 1 year. At present, there are different opinions on whether anti-infection treatment is needed. Botanical drugs can assist in the treatment of arthritis, but no research has confirmed its exact effect in delaying bone destruction. The emergence of biological agents is the gospel of patients with rheumatic arthritis, which can significantly improve the prognosis of patients. However, the indications and contraindications should be strictly screened before use, and the advantages and disadvantages should be weighed.
The treatment of ankylosing spondylitis is mainly based on NSAIDs and DMARDs(SASP, MTX), and biological agents, especially tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonists, have the best effect, especially in patients with axial joint involvement who have poor response to DMARDs.
In addition to symptomatic analgesia (acetaminophen, NSAIDs), the treatment of osteoarthritis can also be applied with hyaluronic acid locally. Glucosamine and diacerein can delay the disease progression in the treatment of osteoarthritis, so it is recommended to use them for a long time.
The treatment of gouty arthritis includes anti-inflammatory and analgesic in acute stage (NSAIDs are preferred) and uric acid reduction in remission stage. Specific drugs should be selected according to the patient's renal function and whether there is kidney calculi. Drugs for reducing uric acid mainly include drugs for inhibiting uric acid production (allopurinol) and drugs for promoting uric acid excretion (benbromarone). The latter is usually the first choice.
3. Immunization and biotherapy
This kind of treatment is aimed at the onset of arthritis and the main links that lead to disease progress, such as targeted molecular therapy of cytokines, plasma exchange, immune purification, immune reconstruction, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and so on. It is mainly used for other patients with severe arthritis that is ineffective, rapid and refractory, mainly rheumatoid arthritis.
4. Surgical therapy
Surgical treatment mainly includes joint cavity puncture, synoviectomy, joint replacement, joint correction and joint fusion. Not every patient needs joint cavity puncture, and the clinical indications should be strictly controlled.
Arthritis has been diagnosed, but there are many stagnant water in the joint cavity of individual joints, and when the joint function of patients is affected, they can puncture the joint cavity and inject drugs into the cavity.
Glucocorticoid, methotrexate and hyaluronic acid are commonly used for intra-articular injection. The first two are mostly used for rheumatoid arthritis. Among them, there is no limit to the number of injections of hormones in the same joint puncture, but if the effect is not good after injecting 1-2 times, the injection should not be continued.
Glucocorticoid, methotrexate and hyaluronic acid are commonly used for intra-articular injection.
Hyaluronic acid is the first choice for patients with osteoarthritis. Avoid excessive joint movement after joint cavity injection to avoid local swelling caused by drug exudation.
Synoviectomy is suitable for patients who can't be diagnosed by clinical, imaging and laboratory examination, and have no obvious improvement after half a year of drug treatment. Before the operation, patients need to make full mental and psychological preparation and preoperative drug treatment preparation. Arthroplasty and joint replacement are used for patients with joint deformity and severe functional limitation. Arthrodesis can artificially cause joint stiffness to relieve pain, stop pathological changes or provide joint stability. Eight categories of dietotherapy
Medicine and food have the same origin, so there have been methods to prevent and treat diseases by using food since ancient times, referred to as "dietotherapy". Diet therapy is convenient, can be taken for a long time, and has no side effects (of course, food should be selected according to symptoms), especially suitable for chronic diseases. For patients with rheumatoid arthritis, dietotherapy plays an important role as an auxiliary therapy of drug therapy. Here is a brief introduction to the effects of different foods on different symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis:
Bitter gourd, bitter vegetable, horse tooth, towel gourd and other foods have the effect of clearing away heat and toxic materials, and can relieve local fever and pain.
Bitter gourd has the effect of clearing away heat and toxic materials.
(2) Coicis Semen, tofu, celery, yam, lentils and other foods have the effects of invigorating the spleen and promoting diuresis, and can be used to relieve swelling symptoms.
Snakes, insects and other foods that can promote blood circulation, dredge collaterals, dispel wind and relieve pain can be cooked or drunk, which can relieve local symptoms of redness, swelling, heat and pain, and also prevent pathological changes from moving to other joints, so they are tonics.
(4) Newly crowed roosters, ginger 150g (sliced), can be stewed in a pot with a small amount of white wine, eaten within 1 day, and then taken every 1 week/time. Rooster has the functions of tonifying deficiency, tonifying kidney, warming stomach and dispelling cold, and can relieve local pain and joint muscle weakness.
A newly crowed rooster
⑤ Dried eel 0.5g, dried in the shade, soaked in 1kg liquor, and can be drunk after 1 month. Drink 50ml each time, twice a day. Eel is gentle and easy-going, and has the functions of relaxing tendons and activating collaterals, expelling wind and removing dampness.
Relieve local swelling and heat pain, prevent the disease from moving to other joints, and have a good effect on shoulder and elbow joint dyskinesia. ⑥ A variety of fruits and vegetables can meet the needs of the human body for vitamins, trace elements and cellulose, and at the same time, have the functions of improving metabolism, clearing away heat and toxic materials, reducing swelling and relieving pain, thus alleviating local symptoms of redness, swelling and heat pain.
⑦ Mushrooms, auricularia and other foods can improve human immunity and relieve symptoms such as local redness, swelling, heat and pain.
⑧ Take 200 grams of lean pork and 0/50 grams of Zanthoxylum bungeanum root/kloc-in soup and seasoning twice a day to relieve severe pain symptoms.
Conclusion: The above is the best method to treat arthritis introduced by Bian Xiao. I believe everyone will have a new understanding of the treatment of arthritis after reading it. However, in order to avoid arthritis in life, everyone should pay attention to joint protection, especially in cold weather.