Problem description:
What are the similarities and differences between depression and bipolar disorder?
Analysis:
The following information is expected to help you;
Depression is an emotional disorder that disturbs your life. It may affect your whole body. Depression can affect your thinking, mood, behavior and how you feel about yourself. Depression can also change you in many ways, such as how you feel about others, how you feel about your work environment or social environment, and even how you feel about your appearance, house, clothes and so on.
People are different, so the symptoms of depression vary from person to person. Are you familiar with one or more of the following symptoms?
I feel depressed almost every day.
Depression and sobbing are both symptoms of depression. However, many people with depression feel numb and not sad.
? Lack of interest/fun and motivation in daily activities.
Depression makes people indifferent to things that are usually considered very important. You may have to force yourself to finish what you have to do. Even a small thing seems to be a burden. Many people with depression say that they are bored and lazy; Although they have no sleep problems, they always feel very tired. Decreased libido is also common.
You may often feel chest tightness and flustered. Going to the hospital for examination often fails to find out the reason.
? Change of appetite.
Depression can lead to an increase or decrease in appetite, so people with depression may gain or lose weight.
? Sleep problems.
Many patients with depression suffer from insomnia, which is often manifested as difficulty in falling asleep, shallow sleep and dreaminess, easy to wake up, and early awakening (waking up at 2-3 am, and then falling asleep is difficult). Early awakening is often one of the characteristic symptoms of patients with depression.
Other depressed patients may sleep too much, or need to doze off frequently in addition to normal night sleep.
? Anxiety or fidgeting.
People with depression are often restless, sometimes reaching the level of agitation. Anxiety can lead to impatience and anger, and even low-level stress is difficult to cope with.
? Tired or weak.
? Guilt, uselessness and insecurity.
People with depression usually feel negative about themselves, the world around them and the future. They may feel guilty about the past. Many people with depression feel that they are useless and think that depression is a punishment for what they have done or not done. Depression can lead to insecurity and dependence on others, as well as untidy clothes and poor personal hygiene.
? It's hard to concentrate on thinking normally.
Depression makes it difficult to think clearly and even make small decisions. People with depression usually have difficulty in concentrating. Patients' work and daily life become inefficient, and frustration and disgust may occur.
? Most patients with depression have different physical symptoms and feel unwell all over the body.
? Suicidal thoughts
Many people with depression want to die to relieve their pain. Patients often have thoughts and behaviors of death to end pain, pain and confusion. s
If you want to hurt yourself and others, please see a psychologist at once.
If you or someone you care about has the above four or more symptoms for more than two weeks; Symptoms are serious enough to interfere with daily activities or have suicidal thoughts; Then please see a psychologist in order to make a correct diagnosis. You or your loved ones may suffer from depression.
If you have depression, the symptoms that hurt you may also hurt your family, your work performance and your interpersonal relationship.
Remember: this is the real symptom of a real disease. Don't indulge in self-blame and bad emotions. On the contrary, you should see a doctor and follow his advice, so that you can return to your normal life as soon as possible. Although it seems a bit troublesome, it is the most comprehensive introduction to bipolar disorder.
I hope you can be patient.
bipolar disorder
The so-called "manic-depression" generally refers to the situation that individuals sometimes have depressive symptoms and sometimes manic symptoms, and these two characteristics constantly interact, so it is also called bipolar disorder, which means that individuals experience bipolar emotional reactions, one is mania and the other is depression. When individuals are in manic stage, they are characterized by abnormal emotions, self-expansion, reduced sleep time, very talkative and often talkative. In addition, their thoughts or ideas often jump around, which is called thinking flight, and they are easily distracted. In behavior, we can see that they often go shopping crazily, regardless of the price. When an individual is in the stage of depression, it is characterized by depression, lack of response or interest in anything, weight change, sleep disorder, lack of vitality, negative cognition or opinion and so on.
Bipolar disorder can be effectively cured by effective and continuous medication and psychotherapy. According to the existing research, it is still possible to inherit such a disease.
Bipolar disorder is a kind of bipolar disorder. The disease is characterized by alternating or mixed manic episodes and depressive episodes. Among them, manic episodes are characterized by hyperactivity, openness, talkativeness, irritability, boasting, arrogance, distraction, jumping thinking, abnormal happiness, blind investment or purchase, increased activities, and reduced sleep time. The characteristics of depressive episodes are: depression, decreased interest, decreased activity, changes in eating and sleeping habits, fatigue and inactivity, self-blame, suicide, etc. It can be seen that friends with bipolar disorder will have extreme emotional changes. They may be "extremely happy" one week ago and want to commit suicide the next. Even mixed seizures are characterized by moodiness and uncertainty.
How to get along with such friends? You can further refer to medical books to understand the characteristics of this disease. When you understand the patient's emotional ups and downs, please tolerate, care and accept him. At this time, your own emotions will not be affected. You can help him see a psychologist and persuade him to take medicine on time, which can improve his emotional stability. You can also make friends with him and do your best to help him adapt to life. But this kind of disease really needs professional medical assistance. Because there are various types of bipolar disorder, it will be better to consult the corresponding way of getting along according to the characteristics of patients when going to the hospital.
Major depression or clinical depression and bipolar disorder are common emotional disorders, because their main symptoms are affecting individual emotions. Depression and bipolar disorder are also called unipolar (because the symptoms are one-way) and bipolar (because the symptoms are two-way) emotional diseases respectively. Other common affective disorders include periodic affective disorder (a chronic moderate depression) and periodic affective disorder (a mild bipolar disorder).
Why do you suffer from such a disease? A person's genetic, biochemical and environmental factors play a very important role in the onset and prognosis of diseases. The existing theories tend that some individuals are naturally prone to brain chemical imbalance (related to heredity), and the stress events in life are only the direct cause of the disease, so the brothers, sisters and children of bipolar patients have a high proportion of bipolar disorder.
Even though everyone has experienced emotional ups and downs in daily life, it is not the same as that of bipolar disorder. The latter is much more extreme than the general emotional ups and downs, both in emotional intensity and duration.
The following are symptoms of bipolar depression:
Long-term sadness or unexplained crying.
Significant changes in appetite and sleep.
Irritability, anxiety, uneasiness or anxiety
Pessimism or indifference
Loss of energy or persistent drowsiness.
Feel guilty and worthless
Unable to concentrate or make decisions.
I can't get pleasure from social activities that I was interested in or didn't want to participate in before.
Unexplained physical pain
Repeated suicidal thoughts
"I completely doubt my ability and can't do anything well. My mind seems to have completely stopped, which is of no use at all. I'm completely desperate. Others say it's only temporary and all this will pass, but they don't know how I feel (although they say they can). God, what's the point of living like this? ....."
The following are symptoms of bipolar disorder:
High spirits, excessive optimism and self-confidence
Reduce the need for sleep and don't feel tired.
Arrogant delusions, inflated self-awareness
An increase in physical and mental activity.
Speak quickly, think quickly and be impulsive.
Poor judgment, easily distracted.
Reckless behavior
In extreme cases, hallucinations may occur.
Hypomania: "I feel very happy and everything is great." I am clear-headed and quick-thinking, and all my shyness has disappeared. I feel relaxed and confident, and things that used to be boring have become interesting ... "
Mania: "my mind is getting faster and faster, so fast that I can't control it." Interesting things began to become ridiculous, and my friends began to be afraid of me ... I was extremely angry, but I was afraid that I couldn't control myself ... "
Remarks: The above are typical symptoms of bipolar disorder (bipolar I), and different subtypes have different manifestations (please refer to the classification of bipolar disorder in the advanced chapter). It is worth noting that patients with bipolar disorder do not necessarily show all symptoms at the same time, and symptoms sometimes show up. In addition, the severity of symptoms varies from person to person and from time to time.
Classification of bipolar disorder (based on Young &; Clemens, 1992):
Mania and major depression.
Bipolar II)- hypomania+major depression.
Bipolar III)- Circulatory affective disorder-mild mania and mild depression.
Bipolar IV)- mania caused by antidepressants
Bipolar V)- major depression with bipolar disorder in family history.
Bipolar disorder VI- unipolar mania
The first type of bipolar disorder is the least controversial and the most widely studied type in diagnosis. In recent years, people think that bipolar II should be more common than previously thought, especially among young people, so all patients with depression should be screened to see if they are bipolar II. Periodic affective disorder may show the same symptoms all his life without developing into a typical bipolar disorder (usually called type I). As for the fourth type of bipolar disorder caused by antidepressants, at present, there is no knowledge that manic period is a side effect of antidepressants or reveals the potential causes of individual bipolar disorder. Some patients with bipolar disorder initially show depression, especially young patients, so it is sometimes difficult to distinguish bipolar disorder from depression. As for unipolar mania, it is very rare. If it happens after the age of forty, it may be a physiological disease such as nerves.
The disguise of bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder may be disguised as conduction disorder, hyperactivity disorder, alcoholism and other substance abuse, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and personality disorder, so it is very difficult to diagnose.
Age of onset of bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder usually occurs in adolescence or early adulthood, but there is often a delay of many years from onset to treatment, which has a great impact on individual interpersonal communication, academic and social functions. Studies have shown that the delay in seeking medical treatment for schizophrenia is related to poor individual prognosis, but there is no evidence that bipolar disorder also exists.
Early onset usually refers to the onset before the age of 25. Usually, the earlier the onset, the heavier the family history. Usually, patients with early onset of bipolar disorder are mainly depressed at first, and it usually takes several periods of depression to appear hypomania. These patients usually respond better to divalproex sodium than lithium salt. Most patients with bipolar disorder will experience multiple episodes, and the length of asymptomatic interval will usually shorten with age.
psychotherapy
Psychotherapy for bipolar disorder usually focuses on the adjustment of life caused by cathode (so the disease usually has a great influence on career planning), providing emotional support, education, coping skills, monitoring symptoms and continuation of treatment for patients and their families.
other
Sometimes it is necessary to be hospitalized during acute mania or when suicidal thoughts are strong. Sometimes, self-harm behavior will be manifested in indirect ways, such as driving too fast, taking drugs, provoking others and so on.
Can bipolar disorder be cured?
Because the cause is unclear, there is no cure at present, but the symptoms can be relieved or the number of attacks can be reduced through drug treatment. If patients and their families can receive appropriate treatment as soon as possible, take medicine on time, and do not stop treatment automatically because of their stable condition, they can maintain a normal and stable life and work.
How can the family help him when the symptoms appear?
What are the signs when the mood is too high?
When you notice that the patient suddenly appears overexcited, energetic, argumentative, prone to conflict with others, excessively generous and enthusiastic, this is the beginning of high spirits.
How to help him?
At this time, patients will become sensitive, easily influenced by the surrounding environment, haggle over every ounce, find fault, be irritable and stubborn, and even have unreasonable demands and behaviors. We must understand that these are all symptoms, and we can agree to feasible requirements. We should accept the unreasonable part and listen sincerely, instead of giving an immediate reply to delay his unreasonable request. If he is too excited to accept persuasion and transfer, he can tell him in a positive, firm but not blaming way: "We care about you, but it is impossible. This can achieve the purpose of restriction and give patients a sense of security and trust.
What should family members pay attention to?
Due to excessive activity and inattention, it is easy to neglect to take care of your own safety and daily life, so it is necessary to-
* Layout a simple and safe environment. Put away scissors and ashtrays to prevent them from being used as martial arts weapons.
* Help pay attention to nutrition intake. Because it consumes a lot of physical strength, it needs a small amount of meals to supplement the required nutrition.
* Pay attention to personal hygiene. Because of inattention, it is easy to ignore washing, bathing and changing clothes, which requires regular reminders.
What are the signs when the mood is too low?
Patients are depressed, indifferent to the surrounding things, addicted to saying nothing or doing nothing, reduced and slow activities, poor appetite, and should pay attention when they wake up easily or early in sleep mode.
What should family members pay attention to?
* Use simple, direct and repetitive sentences to approach the patient and encourage him with understanding and respect.
* Pay attention to the intake of a small amount of nutrients and eat more meals, and accompany them. Food preparation should be easy to chew and digest, and contain high calories and protein. Most patients don't ask for it. Don't take food away just because the patient refuses.
* Personal hygiene, assisting in washing, bathing and changing clothes.
* * * * is to promote blood circulation and assist patients to do passive exercise.
* Pay attention to the surrounding environment to reduce noisy sound, so as to avoid * * *, but still arrange patient activities and encourage contact with people.
* In order to prevent patients from suicidal behavior due to depression, it is necessary to avoid letting patients keep drugs or live alone, pay more attention to patients' emotions, words and deeds, and give drugs on time according to the doctor's advice, and receive hospitalization when necessary.
How to prevent suicide?
* 60-80% of suicide patients have directly or indirectly mentioned what they want to die. Therefore, we should pay attention to the warning signs of suicide, and don't think that people who announce suicide will definitely not commit suicide.
* Observe the patient's words and deeds closely, and accompany the patient at any time if there are signs of suicide.
* Precursors of suicide include sudden changes in patients' mood and behavior, such as patients with severe depression becoming cheerful or active; Or resentment and attack turn into withdrawal or refusal to eat; Or there is a hint of wanting to die in words.
* When finding the precursor of suicide, give full care and support, and encourage patients to express their hatred, anger and sadness.
* Arrange a safe and warm environment and remove dangerous goods from the surrounding environment, paying special attention to the time in the morning and late at night.
* Patiently listen to the patient's painful voice and let him feel that someone cares about him, understands him and is willing to help him.
* Don't deny or laugh at what the patient said, and don't argue with him.
* When patients find signs of suicide, it is best to help and encourage them to seek medical treatment.
* After the mood improves, there is still the possibility of suicide for at least three months, and attention should still be paid to prevention.