Question 1: Are there any management requirements for the feed eaten by pigs?
Long, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and director of the Animal Husbandry Health Breeding Center of the Institute of Subtropical Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that feeding pigs with balanced nutrition is an important factor for their healthy growth. Feed consists of feed raw materials and feed additives. Feed raw materials and feed additives used in China are licensed, that is, those approved can be used, and those that are not approved or prohibited cannot be used. The Ministry of Agriculture has published the catalogue of feed raw materials, which is updated irregularly. The use of substances outside the catalogue as feed raw materials shall be scientifically evaluated and published by the Ministry of Agriculture before use.
Feed additive is a kind of feed ingredient with small dosage but great function. Without feed additives, it is impossible to prepare feed that meets the needs of animals and has balanced nutrition. Additives are divided into three categories: nutritional additives, general additives and pharmaceutical additives, and the proportion in feed generally does not exceed 4%. If the proportion is high, the feeding cost will increase, which is not cost-effective for farmers. Traditional single feed can only solve the problem of satiety in pigs, while nutritional additives mainly solve the problem of eating well in pigs. Adding a proper amount of pharmaceutical additives to feed can effectively prevent and treat common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases in pigs. The state has set strict standards for the use of pharmaceutical additives in feed, which are implemented in accordance with the Regulations on the Administration of Veterinary Drugs. It is forbidden to add phenobarbital and other sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant drugs to feed in China. There is no need to add sleeping pills to make pigs sleep more, exercise less and gain weight quickly, because there is little activity in pigpen itself, so there is no need to use sedatives.
In order to ensure feed quality and safety, the Ministry of Agriculture conducts routine monitoring of feed quality and safety throughout the country every year. From 2065438 to the first half of 2007, the qualified rate of all kinds of commercial feeds was 96.43%. It can be said that China's feed products are generally safe and reliable, and the sustained and healthy development of animal husbandry is guaranteed.
Some people say that pig farmers will add urea, arsenic preparation and copper to their feed, which is inaccurate. Urea, arsenic preparation and copper all have corresponding restrictive regulations, and they are not allowed to be used at will. Urea is a high nitrogen fertilizer, which can be decomposed by urease secreted by rumen microorganisms of ruminants such as cattle and sheep to synthesize protein, which is absorbed and digested. However, pigs have no rumen, so the nitrogen in urea can not be absorbed and utilized, and excessive urea may even cause poisoning and death of pigs. Adding proper amount of copper to feed can promote the growth of pigs. The specific standard is that the addition of copper preparation should not exceed 200 grams per 1000 kg feed. In addition, it is rumored that adding inorganic arsenic to pig feed will make pigs look ruddy and shiny, which is a common sense mistake. Organic arsenic is added to the feed, not inorganic arsenic. Organic arsine has obvious effect on improving feed utilization rate and enhancing disease resistance. At present, in addition to China, the United States and many other countries have also approved it as a feed additive. Organic arsine will be excreted from feces, and the residue in pig tissues is extremely low. Inorganic arsenic is a highly toxic substance, commonly known as arsenic, which will lead to the death of pigs and is not allowed to be added to feed.
Question 2: Are pigs growing fast and fattening?
Huang Lusheng, an academician of China Academy of Sciences and secretary of the Party Committee of Jiangxi Agricultural University, said that the rapid growth of modern pigs is mainly due to the progress of breeding pig genetics and breeding technology. During the domestication of 65438+100000 years, many changes have taken place in pigs: reproductive performance has improved, growth speed has increased, and meat quality has also changed. At present, the vast majority of pigs in China are hybrids of Duroc, Landrace and Large White pigs imported from abroad. These commercial pigs can save feed grain (local pigs eat feed 4 kg, meat 1 kg, modern Duroc commercial pigs eat feed 2.8 kg, meat 1 kg) and grow fast (local pigs can grow to 75 kg in 8 months and Duroc commercial pigs can grow to 75 kg in 6 months). It is normal for high-quality pigs to be slaughtered in about 0/60 days, and the slaughter period of better varieties of pigs abroad is shorter.
The improvement of feed quality also plays an important role. The application of modern feed science and technology has greatly improved the conversion rate of compound feed in China, from 4: 1 to 3: 1. It used to take a year to raise a pig, but now it can be released in six months, which is inseparable from the progress of balanced feed and breeding technology. .
In addition, by improving the breeding environment and implementing harmless treatment of livestock manure, the major epidemic situation and antibiotic residue problems have been gradually solved, and the growth cycle of pigs has been gradually shortened, and the pigs can grow to about 100 kg.
Question 3: Do pigs need injections to take medicine when they are sick? Are these drugs safe?
Shen Jianzhong, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and a professor at the College of Animal Medicine of China Agricultural University, pointed out that it is inevitable for pigs to get sick in breeding, as are developed countries such as the United States and the European Union. Veterinary drugs are for pigs. Usually, in order to prevent the risk of infectious diseases in healthy pigs, farmers will inject preventive vaccines for specific diseases. In view of major animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, the state adopts compulsory immunization measures to prevent and control such risks in a unified way; When pigs suffer from group bacterial diseases or other group diseases, farmers usually feed therapeutic veterinary drugs under the guidance of veterinarians to prevent and treat diseases. In view of the trauma and dystocia of individual pigs, veterinarians generally need special treatment.
Veterinary drugs are an indispensable input to promote the safe production and healthy development of aquaculture. According to the provisions of the Animal Epidemic Prevention Law and the Regulations on the Administration of Veterinary Drugs, the use of drugs in animal breeding must comply with relevant regulations. First, veterinary drugs approved by the state and meeting the quality requirements must be used, and prohibited veterinary drugs or compounds are not allowed; Second, people should not use drugs, and hormone drugs should not be used in feed or drinking water; The third is to use veterinary prescription drugs with the prescription of licensed veterinarians; Fourth, use veterinary drugs in strict accordance with the animal varieties, indications, usage and dosage stipulated in the instructions for use of veterinary drugs, and strictly implement the provisions on the withdrawal period; Fifth, farms/households should establish standardized drug use records.
At present, China has never approved hormone drugs to promote animal growth, and the approved hormone drugs are mainly used to treat breeding and obstetric diseases, which is consistent with the regulations of the European Union. Up to now, the Ministry of Agriculture has only approved oxytetracycline and other antibiotics 10 as drug feed additives, and strictly stipulated animal species, usage and dosage, withdrawal period, etc. , basically in line with international standards.
Question 4: Is pork safe to eat?
Qian Yongzhong, a researcher at the Agricultural Products Quality Standards Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, stressed that the Ministry of Agriculture conducts routine monitoring on the quality and safety of agricultural products nationwide every year, and monitors possible drug residues and illegal additives such as clenbuterol. The qualified rate of pork quality and safety monitoring in the first three quarters of 20 17 was 99.8%. In response to people's concern about antibiotics, clenbuterol and water-injected meat, the agricultural department has carried out special rectification actions such as veterinary antibiotics and clenbuterol and "mine-clearing action" for pig slaughter supervision, focusing on cracking down on illegal addition of veterinary drugs, excessive use of veterinary drugs, indiscriminate slaughter, slaughter of "clenbuterol", water-injected meat or other substances, and strictly preventing and controlling quality and safety risks. It should be said that on the whole, the quality and safety of pork products in China are guaranteed, and consumers can rest assured of consumption.