Taking Duke Zhou as an example, this paragraph expounds the role of great Confucianism. In the author's opinion, a great scholar is a saint who can make progress and secure the world, and can be polite and righteous when he acts.
Qin asked Sun: "Is Confucianism bad for the people's country?" Sun said, "The Confucians learned the law before the king, and were better at etiquette and righteousness. They are loyal to their courtiers and more noble to their superiors. If the owner uses it, it will be appropriate in the moment; If you don't use it, it will make people retire, which is embarrassing. It will suit you. Although poor and frozen, they will not be greedy for evil ways; There is no place to put a cone, but obviously, it is important to defend the country. Well, you can respond, but it is the broker who finances everything and supports the people. Dynasty is the material of princes, the minister of the country and the treasure of kings. Although hiding in a poor house, people are expensive and sincere. Zhong Ni will be the head of the department, Shen Youshi dare not drink his sheep, Gong Shenshi gave birth to his wife, and he was careful to collapse his home and migrate to his territory. Those who worry about eating horses in Shandong will wait for fleas if they are not prepared. Living in Quedang, the children of Quedang are ignored, relatives take more, and filial brothers take it. Confucianism is beautiful in the present and beautiful in the next place, and so is Confucianism. "
The king said, "But what about him?" Sun Qing said: "He is also a broad-minded person: his will is determined by his heart, his etiquette is determined by the court, his rule is measured by the government, and his loyalty and love for interests are determined by his appearance. He won the world by doing an unjust thing and killing an innocent person. This kind of gentleman's righteousness is believed by people, and it is universally applicable, so what should the world do? , what is it? Then your name is white and the world is ruled. Therefore, people who are near sing heartily, while those who are far away are tired and eager to try. If the four seas are at home, they are obedient, and the husband is also a teacher. " The poem says, "From west to east, from south to north, there is nothing to think about. "This is also called. What do you mean it is not good for the people and the country? " Zhao Haoqi said, "Good!"
This passage is Xunzi's answer to Qin Zhaowang's questioning that Confucianism is not beneficial to the Republic of China. Xunzi said that Confucianism was the first king of France and a man of long righteousness. Being a prince can make politics clear and faith accessible to the world. Living in a poor lane can make the folk customs pure and everyone humanized, so Confucianism is useful to the country.
Wang Zhidao is the first, and the dragon of benevolence is also better than action. What do you mean? Yue: Courtesy and righteousness also. Tao is not the way of heaven, nor the way of earth. The reason why people are Tao is also the way of gentlemen.
The so-called saint of a gentleman cannot be called what a wise man can do; The so-called gentleman knows, you must know what others know; The so-called gentleman debater can't say what the debater argues; The so-called gentleman's inspector is not able to observe what people observe, but is also right. Competing with each other, by what? Fat, fifth order, a gentleman is not as good as a farmer; Knowing everything is rich, loving beauty and evil, arguing between high and low, and a gentleman is not as good as Jia; Set the rules, Chen Shengmo, then forgive people, a gentleman is not as good as a villain; I don't care about right or wrong, but I don't care. I praise you and make you feel ashamed. A gentleman is not like Hui Shi or Deng Xi. When a husband decides the times by virtue, he can appoint officials by virtue, so that all people with virtue and no virtue can get their official positions, and everything can get their official positions, and things should be measured. Don't talk carefully. Hui Shi and Deng dare not blend in, but they must be confident and do their best. This is the power of a gentleman.
Doing anything is conducive to the establishment of managers, but not to the abolition of managers. Husband is the middle thing. What you say is good for rational people and bad for rational people. It is said that the husband is in the middle. The mistake of doing something is called treachery, and knowing the mistake of it is called treachery. Rape is a rape, the rule of the world is abandoned, and it is smooth in troubled times. If the husband is full of space, the difference between firmness and difference is beyond the reach of hearing, eyesight and debater. Although the sage knew it, he failed to roll for the valley. I don't know, harmlessness is a gentleman, knowing harmlessness is a villain. A craftsman does not know harm, and a gentleman does not know harm. If you are good, the law will be chaotic, and if you are good, the law will be chaotic. But the fanatic, the leader's disciple, argues that he is the eldest son and knows no evil. Husband is called a fool, not as good as the name of chicken and dog. "Poetry" says: "If you are a ghost, you can't get it. what's up Face, treat people as useless. Make this good song with extreme opposition. " This is also called.
This passage is Xunzi's answer to "what is appropriate" (that is, what is appropriate). Xunzi said: Etiquette and righteousness most appropriately reflected the former Wang Zhidao, which was pursued by gentlemen. A gentleman can make everything in the world fit, so what he does is appropriate. Inferred from this, words and actions beneficial to reason are appropriate.
I want to be cheap and expensive, stupid and smart, poor and rich, but what? Yue: He can only study. Other scholars, who do, are also scholars; I admire you, you are a gentleman; Knowing it, a saint also. I am a saint in the world and a gentleman in the world, so it is forbidden! Villagers are also miscellaneous and slaughter people, while Yao and Yu are not cheap but expensive! The difference between a country, a door and a house was once undecided. Russia and the original meaning, right and wrong, the map returns to the world in your palm, and it is a stupid understanding to distinguish black and white! Township, Xu Yiren, the world ruled by Russia is here, neither poor nor rich! Someone is here today. However, if you hide thousands of treasures, although you eat them, people call you rich. So is Peter Bao: clothes can't be worn, eaten, eaten or sold. However, people call it wealth. Why? Isn't the appearance of the richest man very sincere here? If you have money, you will be poor and rich!
Therefore, a gentleman is expensive without a title, rich without a promise, faithless without anger, proud of being poor and happy living alone. Isn't it supreme, rich, heavy and strict? Therefore, your name can't be compared with Zhou, your birthday can't be boasted or threatened, you are sincere and then you just. If you fight, you lose, if you let go, you will accumulate, and if you like your birthday, it will be empty. Therefore, a gentleman practices the inside, puts it outside, accumulates virtue in his body, and goes by. If so, his name will rise like the sun and the moon, and the world will thunder. Therefore, the gentleman is implicit and obvious, implicit and clear, and wins by words. "Poetry" says: "He Ming is in Jiugao, and his voice is heard in the sky." This is also called.
On the other hand, a contemptuous husband is not as famous as Tuesday, and he has no respect for others, and he is in danger of taking pains to ask for Amway. "Poetry" says: "The people are unscrupulous and blame each other. If you don't let me, you will die. " This is also called.
Therefore, it is a matter of effortlessness and great responsibility to be big or small. To be dishonest and falsely accuse a virtuous person is to be ashamed of oneself and be good at rising, that is, the more people go up. Therefore, being wise and virtuous is orderly, so it is not chaotic; Only then can the loyal minister dare to accept his position, so he is not poor. The upper level should not be confused, the lower level should not be poor, and the argument is excellent. "Poetry" says: "Also rate obedience." But a good friend is a good friend.
This passage is Xunzi's answer to how to change meanness, stupidity and poverty. Xunzi said: only learning can change all this. Only after learning can a person become a scholar, a gentleman and a saint, which can be juxtaposed with sages. Therefore, although a gentleman has no title, he represents the supremacy and the richest, although he is unknown and famous in the world. The villain is just the opposite.
It is also human virtue to take good advice, cherish wealth and goods, and take health care as the supreme way. The law is firm, so don't listen to it. If there is, it can be described as a strong man. Do things in a firm way to correct what he heard and pretend to be emotional. His words are beyond words, but his actions are beyond words. He knows how to be considerate, but he is not careful, so that he can prosper in the upper class and clear the way for others. If so, he is a sincere gentleman. The method of cultivating a hundred kings, divided into white and black, is one of the best, changing with the times, saluting with four branches, making meritorious deeds in the four seasons, being fair and comfortable in the hearts of the people, and hundreds of millions of people can be described as saints.
Good, good, good, good, good, good, good, good, good, good. I hope it will last for a long time, I hope I insist that there is no danger, I hope I can use my knowledge and wisdom, I hope I can use my fellow travelers, I hope I have articles, I hope I can enjoy myself with others, and I am afraid of being inappropriate. If so, I can be described as a saint. This is a different way.
Is it one? Say: stick to God and be firm. Call it God? Say: those who govern well are called gods. Is it solid? Yue: Nothing is strong enough to fall down. God is solid and is called a saint. A saint is also a human being, and the Tao is also the Lord. The way of human feelings lies in governance, and the best Wang Zhidao lies in governance. Therefore, the way of poetry, calligraphy, ceremony and music is to govern the country. "Poetry" says yes, and its ambition is also; The "book" says this is true; "Li" said yes, and his line was also; "Le" is said to be its homonym; Spring and Autumn Annals says yes, but it is also implicit. Therefore, the reason why "wind" is not driven by others is because it is based on festivals; Xiaoya is Xiaoya because it is a literary work. The reason why "Daya" is elegant is that it takes the right way and shines brilliantly; The reason why carols are the best is to take what they are good for and spread it: the world has done it. If you hide in the countryside, you will die if you are doubled. Hometown is like not hiding, but it is like not dying. It has never happened since ancient times.
This passage is about saints. Saints have all kinds of virtues different from others, which come from the pursuit of perfection by saints. The sage embodies "the way of the world" and "a hundred Wang Zhidao". By studying poetry, books, rituals and music, you can get "worldly wisdom" and get good luck.
The guest said, "Confucius said,' Duke Zhou is prosperous! The more respectful and thrifty you are, the more you can defeat the enemy. It should be said that it was hardly a trip to the Duke of Zhou, and it was not said by Confucius. King Wu collapsed and became a young king. Duke Ping of Zhou became the King of Qi and King Wu, lived in the land of the Son of Heaven, sat down, and his ministers hurried down the hall. It's time. Who will respect it? He ruled the world at the same time, established 7 1 country, lived alone with 53 people, and Zhou's descendants were not crazy or chaotic, so he was a prominent vassal in the world, that is to say, frugality! The punishment of the king of Wu is also a taboo for soldiers on the day of the trip. It is unstoppable to welcome the traditional in the east, and it is bad in the arms, and there are tunnels in the mountains. Uncle Huo was afraid and said,' What happened to five disasters in three days?' Duke Zhou said,' Why don't you put Ji Zi in prison, and Fei Lian and E come to know the politics, and the husband is evil but not good? So I chose a horse to go forward, eat in the morning, and live in Baiquan at dusk. I hate Mu Zhi. As soon as the drum hits, the country is easy to die, and the Yin people take advantage of it. It was not Zhou people who killed him, but Yin people. So there is no reward for the first Lu, and there is no reward for the difficulty. Instead, we decided to make three changes, suppress five soldiers, and establish vocal music, so Wu and Xiang started, Shao and Hu abandoned. Within the four seas, it is easy to change its mind and make it smooth, so the outside world is not closed and there is no danger of separation. By then, who will quit? "
Jujube house is a good gentleman in the world, no horse, no sight; He who shoots well is also good at shooting in the world. Without a bow, they can't see their own cleverness. A great scholar is good at adjusting the world, and there is no place for a hundred miles. Choose a solid horse, not Zhao Fu, not a thousand miles a day; The bow is straight, but it is wrong to shoot far. It is not a scholar to control violence with a hundred miles of land instead of adjusting the whole world.
Although he is a great scholar, he is hiding in a poor house, and there is nowhere to set a cone, so his ministers can't compete with him for fame; In the position of doctor, the monarch can't be immune, the country can't be immune, and his fame depends on the princes, so he doesn't want to be a minister; Use a land of a hundred miles, a country of a thousand miles, and you can't argue with it or dump it. It is also a symbol of great Confucianism. His words are classified, his actions are polite, his actions are regretless, his actions are flexible, he keeps pace with the times, and he has a thousand changes. It is also the record of great scholars. Its poverty, vulgar Confucianism laughs; Very ordinary, very heroic, very embarrassing to escape, fear is heresy, everyone hates it. General rule: poverty means independence. Heaven can't die, earth can't be buried, boundaries and intellectual boundaries can't be polluted, and great scholars can't stand. So are Zhong Ni and Zi Gong.
So there are laity, vulgar Confucianism, elegant Confucianism and great Confucianism. Without learning, without justice, with rich interests as the dragon, he is also a layman. Everything is shallow, and its crown is solved. A little kingly and full of troubled times, and it is a miscellaneous move. I don't know the system after the king's law, and I don't know the poems and books of Yi Li and Chang Sha. His dress behavior is the same as that of the secular, but those who do not know evil are no different from Mozi's words and deeds, but Ming Can will not be different; By deceiving fools, the first king is fed and clothed, and if he gets enough to cover his mouth, he will be satisfied; With the eldest son, it is easy to do things and raise guests. However, if he dare not have other ambitions for life, he is also a vulgar Confucian. After the law, the king, a department, killed "poetry" and "book" with long rites and righteousness, and his words and deeds have long been Dafa. However, you can't understand, you can't teach, you can't smell, you can't know. You can't say you don't know if you know. You don't blame yourself internally and you don't bully yourself externally. Therefore, you respect the virtuous and fear the law, and dare not be conceited. It is also the law of the first king of elegant and Confucian scholars, which unifies the etiquette, one system, shallow knowledge, modern and ancient, ten thousand, etc., although among birds and animals, if it is not white or black; Rely on strange things that you have never heard of or seen. If you suddenly rise from one side, you should respond in the same way. What? If you draw a method and measure it, if it is a symbolic festival, it is a great scholar. Therefore, if Old Master Q uses laity, the country will perish; if he uses vulgar Confucianism, the country will survive; if he uses elegant Confucianism, the country will be safe; if he uses great Confucianism, the country will survive. In the next three years, the world will be one, the princes will be ministers, and the country of Wancheng will be used wrongly.
This paragraph discusses the differences and functions of Confucianism. Confucianism can be divided into vulgar Confucianism, elegant Confucianism and great Confucianism. No matter what kind of Confucianism, as long as it is appointed, it will be beneficial to the country, and the layman outside Confucianism will perish.
If you don't smell, if you don't smell, if you don't look, if you don't know, if you know, you can't do it. When you do it, it will be clear. Ming is a saint. Sages are also benevolent people, who treat right and wrong, match words with deeds, and don't lose a penny. There is no other way, they have almost done it. Therefore, it will be ridiculous to smell it but not see it; Seeing it without knowing it, although knowing it will be false; If you know what you are doing, you will be trapped. If you don't smell it, you will be right and the road will be sleepy.
An old friend who knows without a teacher will be a thief, a brave man will be a thief, the clouds will be chaotic, observation will be strange, and arguments will celebrate birthdays. People who have teachers and know the law are quick to pass, brave to threaten, learn, examine and argue. Therefore, people who study the law are great treasures of people; If you don't learn the law, people will suffer greatly.
Those who do not learn from the law prosper, those who learn from the law prosper, while those who learn from the law rely on emotion rather than sex, which is not enough for independent governance. Sex is also beyond my reach, but it can be changed; Love is not mine, but it can be done. Note the wrong custom, so change it; It's different, so add it up. Vulgarity changes its will, and it deteriorates for a long time, attracting immortals and towering over the earth.
Therefore, the accumulated soil is a mountain and the accumulated water is a sea, which is called the year of death and birth. The highest refers to the sky, the lower refers to the ground, and the six fingers in the universe refer to the ground; Slaughter people and others, accumulate virtue and do good deeds, and do everything, which is called a saint. He takes and gets, becomes it, accumulates it, and becomes sacred. So saints are also human products. People cultivate for agriculture, chop for artisans, trade goods for business, and honor for gentlemen. The son of the craftsman is the successor, and the people of the country are suitable for it. Living in Chu and Chu, there are more and more lives, and living in summer and summer is not born, but also because of accumulation.
An old friend knows to pay attention to mistakes and customs. Every little makes a mickle is a gentleman. Grumpy, uneducated, and a villain. Being a gentleman is always safe and glorious, and being a villain is always dangerous and humiliating. Ordinary people want to live in peace and honor and hate danger and humiliation, so only a gentleman can get what he wants, while a villain hates what he hates every day. "Poetry" said: "Wei is a lover, too; Wei don't have the heart to care. The greed of the people is better than poison. " This is also called.
This paragraph emphasizes the importance of teaching and learning. Imitation is an important guarantee for people to get rid of bad habits, restrain their nature and not be influenced by the world. By constantly learning from teachers and law and increasing your knowledge, you can become a saint. On the contrary, people who indulge their nature and don't learn from others are villains and will be humiliated.
Theory of human nature: ambition is inevitably private, but people want to be public; It is also a common phenomenon that Hebei people are inevitably self-centered and self-centered, while Hebei people are ignorant and self-centered. If you wish to be private, you can be public, if you wish to be affectionate, you can cultivate, if you know, you can ask, you can be talented, and if you are public, you can be said to be a little Confucian. Gong Zhian, Xing, and so on, can be described as great scholars. A great scholar, the son of heaven is also three. Little Confucian, Dr. Maharaja is also a scholar. People, workers, peasants and merchants. Li, the reasons why the master found a ruler for the princes are endless.
A gentleman's words have an altar, his deeds have a table, and his words have a long way. Moral requirements are no less than peace and security; The desire to express your will is no less than the above; Speaking of moral appeal, it's not the second generation. After three generations of Taoism, the king said it was immoral. Most importantly, a small minister is nothing more than Yi, which is why gentlemen are interested in altars and palaces. Therefore, the princes asked about politics and did not sue; If people ask learning is not as good as learning, they will not teach; A hundred schools of thought contend better than the queen, so I don't listen. The husband said that a gentleman's words have an altar, and his deeds have a table.
The first paragraph of this article talks about human relations, and the second paragraph talks about gentlemen. People have grades, and the best embodiment of grades is courtesy, which is the statutes formulated by the master for his liegeman. A gentleman's trip fully meets the requirements of courtesy.