1) Important sites of ancient culture 1. Nanzhao ape-man: The ape-man fossils found in nanzhao county, Nanyang, Henan Province prove that human beings lived in Henan about 500,000 to 600,000 years ago. 2. Xuchang people: In 2007, ancient human fossils dating back about 65,438+10,000 years were discovered in Xuchang, Henan. Its discovery and cooperation with other sites provide certain evidence that China people did not originate in Africa. 3. Jiahu Site: Located in Wuyang, Henan Province, about 9000 years ago. The world's earliest musical instrument, the world's earliest wine, the world's earliest symbols engraved with similar words and other world's earliest achievements of civilization have been discovered here, which has caused a sensation in the world and is considered as "the first threshold for mankind to move from ignorance to civilization". 4. Peiligang Culture: It was named after its discovery in Peiligang Village, Xinzheng, Henan Province about 8,000 years ago, and it is one of the sources of Chinese civilization. 5. Taihao Mausoleum: About 7000 years ago, it is located in Huaiyang County, Zhoukou, Henan Province. It is the No.1 Fuxi Mausoleum in Taihao, Huang San, and also the first mausoleum in China 18. Founded in the Spring and Autumn Period, it was expanded in the Tang and Song Dynasties and perfected in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with 5 1 imperial sacrifice. Huaiyang, called "Wanqiu" in ancient times, is the capital and resting place of Fuxi and the capital of Shennong. It is considered to be the birthplace of surname culture, farming culture and dragon totem in China, and the holy land of China and Dongyi. 6. Yangshao Culture: It was named after it was discovered in Yangshao Village, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, about 5,000 to 7,000 years ago. This is the most extensive and typical ancient culture in the same period, and the archaeological excavation in Yangshao Village is also the beginning of modern archaeology in China. 7. Huangdi's Hometown: Xinzheng, Henan Province is recognized by domestic historians as the place where Xuanyuan Huangdi was born, started his business and built his capital. China people began to offer sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of mankind, in Xuanyuanqiu, Xinzheng in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it has continued to this day. The "ancestor worship ceremony in the hometown of the Yellow Emperor" has also become the first ceremony in China because it has been widely recognized by Chinese all over the world, and it is playing an increasingly important role in improving the cohesion of the Chinese nation. 8. Erlitou Culture: It was named after it was discovered in Erlitou, Yanshi, Luoyang about 4,000 years ago, and was considered as the capital of Xia Dynasty by academic circles. The earliest bronze ritual vessels in China were unearthed here. 9. Zhengzhou Mall: Located in the center of Zhengzhou today, it is an important capital in the early Shang Dynasty. This is one of the reasons why Zhengzhou became an ancient capital. 10, Yinxu, Anyang: The discovery of the world's largest bronze wares and Oracle Bone Inscriptions caused a sensation in the world, ranking first among human 10 archaeological discoveries in the 20th century, and Yinxu became a world cultural heritage without any dispute. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively mature script, with about 5,000 commonly used characters, which is the only script handed down among the four ancient Chinese characters in the world. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, China will build the only Chinese character museum in the world-China Chinese Character Museum in Anyang. 1 1. Baima Temple: Located in Luoyang, it was founded in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is the first official temple built after Buddhism was introduced into China, and it is a powerful witness of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. 12, Longmen Grottoes: Located in Luoyang, excavated after the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang. It is not only the product of cultural exchange between ethnic minorities and Han nationality, but also the product of cultural exchange between China and foreign countries in Longmen Grottoes. Especially the Rushena Buddha in Fengxian Temple, whose "Oriental Smile" combines divinity and humanity, masculinity and femininity, and has extremely high artistic value. Longmen Grottoes are also listed as world cultural heritage because of their artistic value and historical significance. 13, Shaolin Temple: Located in Dengfeng, it is the birthplace of Zen and Shaolin Wushu. After Buddhism was introduced into China, Shaolin monks merged it with China's Confucianism and Taoism and founded Zen. Zen Buddhism, a Japanese Buddhism, quickly spread to Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Southeast Asia and other parts of the country, and had a far-reaching impact on the history of flower path, tea ceremony, judo and bushido in China and China. Shaolin Wushu is the best in the world, and Shaolin is the best in the world. Shaolin monks absorbed the achievements of world martial arts in their exchanges, and summed up more than 700 kinds of martial arts stunts such as Shaolin Boxing, Shaolin Stick, Yijinjing and Tiebu Shirt, which had a far-reaching impact on other martial arts schools. There are only forty or fifty kinds of boxing derived from Shaolin Boxing. Shaolin's active entry into the WTO made it closely related to the history of China and played an important role in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Northern Song and Ming Dynasties. Shaolin Temple Forest has also become "the first temple in the world" because of its social responsibility, and Shaolin Wushu has spread everywhere and been further developed in actual combat. Shaolin keeps pace with the times, opens to the outside world, and actively joins the WTO, so that it has maintained its vigorous vitality. Today, after suffering, Zen and Shaolin Wushu are still full of vitality. Today's Shaolin monks integrate modern culture such as Internet and marketing into Shaolin culture, and let Shaolin go to the world quickly. Shaolin has become a model for China culture to go global, and it has also become synonymous with China culture to a great extent. 14. Zhongyue Temple: Located in Songshan, it is the largest Taoist architectural complex among the five mountains, with an ancient building of 5 14. Zhongyue Temple was built in the Qin Dynasty. Later, emperors such as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Empress Wu Zetian and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty expanded it after imitating the Forbidden City. The existing Zhongyue Temple was built by Emperor Qianlong in imitation of the Forbidden City in Beijing. Because it resembles the Forbidden City, it is called "the Forbidden City in the deep mountains". The five mountains are sealed by Taoism, and Zhongyue Hall is the largest Taoist building among the five mountains, so Zhongyue Hall is considered as a symbol of Songshan's status. 15, Songyang Academy: Located in Songshan, Dengfeng, it is one of the four major academies in the Song Dynasty. Fan Zhongyan, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao, Sima Guang and other great scholars have given lectures here, and some of Zi Tong Zhi Jian written by Sima Guang are here. It's near Luoyang, where Ercheng merged Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and initially established Neo-Confucianism, which influenced China for 800 years. 16, Yingtian Academy: Located in Suiyang District, Shangqiu (called Yingtianfu in the Northern Song Dynasty), it is one of the four major academies in the Song Dynasty. "Students come from thousands of miles" and "scholars from far and near all return", which means Yingtian Academy. Fan Zhongyan, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, studied here, settled in Shangqiu and served as bishop of Yingtian Academy. 17, Dengfeng Stargazing Observatory: Located in Dengfeng, it was built in the Yuan Dynasty and has a history of about 800 years. It is one of the earliest observatories in the world and the most important astronomical site in ancient China. Guo Shoujing, a great astronomer, has made astronomical achievements 30 1 year ahead of the west here, and the "time calendar" thus formulated has been used by China, Korea and Japan for more than 360 years. Today, based on this, our country is building the "China Astronomy Museum" here to show the achievements of ancient astronomy in China. Hongqi Canal 18: Located in Linzhou City, Henan Province, it is a world-famous "artificial Tianhe" and "the eighth wonder of the world". In order to build this canal, 654.38 million Linzhou people worked hard on the cliffs in the mountains for 654.38+00 years. They have no money, no food, no technology and no policy support. However, with tenacious perseverance, they leveled 1250 hills, built hundreds of approach bridges and drilled hundreds of tunnels, and finally introduced the river of life into the arid land. The total canal of Hongqi Canal is more than 4,000 kilometers long, and its earthwork can build a stone wall with a width of 2 meters and 3 meters from Harbin to Guangzhou! Hongqi Canal is a masterpiece of human transformation of nature.

(2) Henan scenery

Henan not only has a long history, but also has charming natural scenery. Among the 19 world geoparks in China, there are 4 in Henan, accounting for only 1/60 of the national area, namely Songshan, Yuntai Mountain, Funiu Mountain and Wuwangshan-Daimei Mountain. Henan is a vast country, where there are many famous mountains and rivers such as Songshan Mountain, Yuntai Mountain, Baiyun Mountain, Funiu Mountain, Jigong Mountain, Yaoshan Mountain (a stone man), Taihang Mountain Grand Canyon, Niuwei Mountain (the tail of Funiu Mountain) and other exotic flowers and plants, which are competing to open, attracting generations of China people to visit for thousands of years. Here are some highlights:

1, the ancestor of Wanshan-Songshan

Mount Songshan

Zhongyue Songshan is "majestic in the sky" and "majestic in the world", and has been known as "the ancestor of Wanshan" since ancient times. The location of Songshan Mountain can be seen from the word "Song", which is "high" or "mountain", but in essence, the altitude of Songshan Mountain is only 1492 meters. Songshan area produced the earliest national civilization in China, and has long been the political, economic and cultural center of ancient China, leaving a large number of extremely precious ancient cultural sites. In 2009, the only one who declared the world cultural heritage in China was "Songshan Ancient Architecture Complex", with 8 items 1 1, each of which is eligible to declare the world cultural heritage separately. Songshan is a China history textbook written with stones and buildings.

Songshan Mountain is a rare geological museum in the world. In fact, Xiaosongshan spans five geological ages: Archean, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, and is a "five generations living under one roof" in the field of geology. It is said that both elephant fossils and walrus fossils can be seen on Songshan Mountain. This is Songshan World Geopark.

The peaks of Songshan Mountain are tall and straight, magnificent and colorful. The eight scenic spots, which are composed of peaks, valleys, streams, waterfalls, springs and forests, are: Songmen Moongazing, Xuanyuan Early Walking, Shui Ying Spring Farming, Yin Ji Summer Resort, Shi Hui Drinking, Yuxi Fishing, Snow Clearing in Small Rooms and Luya Waterfall.

2. Yuntai Mountain, a scenic tourist resort.

Yuntai Mountain is located in Xiuwu County, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province. It is not only a world geopark, but also a national AAAAA scenic spot. Yuntai Mountain is covered with virgin forests, deep and quiet valleys and ponds, waterfalls and flowing springs, as well as picturesque peaks and rocks, forming a unique and perfect natural landscape of Yuntai Mountain. The summer platform and mausoleum of Emperor Xiandi of Han Dynasty, the secluded hometown of "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" in Wei and Jin Dynasties, the remains of Sun Simiao, a drug king in Tang Dynasty, the Cornus peak written by Wang Wei, a great poet in Tang Dynasty, and the inscriptions and cultural relics of many famous writers constitute the rich and profound cultural connotation of Yuntai Mountain.

"Jiaozuo landscape" is famous all over the country because of Yuntai Mountain.

3. Baiyun Mountain is the most beautiful place in China.

Baiyun Mountain is located in Songxian County, Luoyang City. In 2006, it was rated as "the most beautiful place in China" by chinese national geography magazine and many travel agencies. Baiyun Mountain is located in the virgin forest area in the hinterland of Funiu Mountain, with beautiful peaks, long white clouds, waterfalls and deep forests. The whole scenic spot integrates mountains, rocks, water, caves, forests, grass, flowers, birds and animals. Heroes, dangers, wonders, seclusion, beauty and strangeness complement each other, forming five tourist areas with their own characteristics, namely, Bai Yunfeng, Yuhuangding, Xiaohuangshan, Jiulong Waterfall and Primitive Forest, and becoming the Central Plains region integrating sightseeing, summer vacation, scientific research practice and ancient exploration.

4. The witness of the decline of dinosaurs-Funiu Mountain

Funiu Mountain World Geopark is located in the southwest of Henan Province, stretching over 800 miles from northwest to southeast. This ancient mountain witnessed the prosperity of dinosaurs and kept the secret of their decline. The south slope of Funiu Mountain contains a large number of dinosaur eggs, which are unparalleled in the world. In recent two years, a large number of dinosaur bones have been found on the northern slope of Funiu Mountain, and the appearance of these fossils has become explosive news inside and outside the academic circles like dinosaur eggs. China Xixia dinosaur ruins park and dinosaur egg museum are good places to visit dinosaurs.

Baotianman, which is listed in the "World Man and Nature Conservation Circle" by UNESCO, is located at the southern foot of the middle section of Funiu Mountain, 800 miles away. Here, ancient trees are towering, birds and animals are in groups, and the peaks are beautiful and lush. Longtangou Waterfall Group in Xixia is surrounded by water and rocks, with unique scenery. The majestic and magical Tongbai Mountain, with carved peaks and picturesque clear water, is the birthplace of the Huaihe River in Li Qian. Climb Taibai Peak, the main peak, and listen to the shallow singing of Baili Lin Tao. You can see the mountain scenery and enjoy the water color.

5. The King of Flowers-Kaifeng Chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum cultivation in Kaifeng has a long history and has begun to take shape as early as the Tang Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng Chrysanthemum became more famous. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, chrysanthemum planting and viewing in Kaifeng were still popular.

chrysanthemum

Well, when Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty visited Yuwangtai in Kaifeng to enjoy chrysanthemums, he left a famous sentence, "Maple leaves fall green, frosted chrysanthemums pile white", which was engraved on the "Qianlong Imperial Monument" preserved in Yuwangtai Park today, and was praised as "national beauty and fragrance" and "king of flowers". After the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, Kaifeng people have a strong traditional custom of loving chrysanthemums.

6, the national color and fragrance-Luoyang Peony

"Luoyang is the most suitable flower, and peony is especially strange in the world." "Only peony is the real national color, and bloom will be moved when he comes to Beijing.

Luoyang peony ranks first in the world.

City. "Peony is famous all over the world because of Luoyang, the Millennium imperial capital, and Luoyang is even more charming because of its national beauty and fragrance. Luoyang peony is elegant and magnificent, and is known as "national beauty and fragrance" and "king of flowers". The artificial cultivation of peony in Luoyang began in Sui Dynasty and flourished in Tang Dynasty, with the Northern Song Dynasty as the best.

Luoyang peony is not only charming in color, but also rich in peony culture. Poetry, songs, novels, stories, paintings, embroidery, etc. Praise peony has appeared since Tang and Song Dynasties, which is not only numerous, but also rich in content. Due to people's love for Luoyang peony, all kinds of fairy tales and anecdotes about Luoyang peony that have been circulated for thousands of years are widely known.