We generally call Su Shi, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Dongpo, because his nickname is Dongpo Jushi. But why did a great scholar like Su Shi give himself such a popular name Dongpo? If someone is called Zhang Xipo or Liu Beipo, you will find this name vulgar.

It turned out that when Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei), he liked to do farm work. He reclaimed a wasteland on the eastern hillside of his home, and was named Dongpo because of Bai Juyi's poem "Where to look back diligently, Dongpo planted peaches and plums".

So what is Su Shi's most farm work?

It's planting trees! He once planted 30 thousand cedars in a row on a mountain!

Why did Su Dongpo plant so many trees? Is it in response to the national call for afforestation? Or do you realize that greening and environmental protection is a new sunrise industry? Actually, it's not. It's hard for you to imagine that he planted such a large piece of cedar for a woman!

Speaking of this woman, I have to mention the famous poem "Jiangchengzi". This is a word that many people like very much, even semi-literate Yang Guo likes it. Mr. Jin Yong's "The Condor Heroes" said that Yang Guo devoted his life to martial arts and knew nothing about literature. The reason why I knew two words was when Huang Rong taught him to read The Book of Songs and The Analects of Confucius on the Peach Blossom Island as a child. Yang Guo, on the other hand, happened to see this sentence on the wall of a roadside inn during his later wandering around the world, and he "remembered it after reading it".

What does this mean? This shows that the first word is particularly easy to understand, and the second word is particularly touching, so it has become a literary work that Yang Guo, a semi-illiterate person, can remember, and has been named "The First Sorrow through the Ages" by later generations.

Let's have a look. What's so good about this song "Jiangchengzi", which is called "the first funeral in history"?

The word yue:

Ten years of life and death are two boundless, disapproving and unforgettable. Where is the lonely grave thousands of miles away? Even if we don't know each other, our faces are dusty and our temples are frosty. At night, I suddenly dreamed of going home, and the window of Xiao Xuan was being decorated. Relatively speechless, only a thousand tears. Looking forward to the heartbroken place every year, the moon is short.

This poem was written in the eighth year of Xining, Song Shenzong, namely 1075, and Su Shi was demoted to Mizhou, Shandong. When Su Shi wrote this word, he only used two words as the title, that is, "recalling dreams", that is to say, he wrote this word about a dream. So what kind of dream did he have?

What is said between the lines is that I dreamed that a woman was dressing at the window, and Su Shi himself was silently opposite her, with tears streaming down her face. There is both romance of meeting and sadness of helplessness to fate, so after waking up, Su Shi said that such a scene was enough to make him "heartbroken every year".

So who is this woman who broke Su Shi's heart?

Many people know that she is Su Shi's first wife, Wang Fu. It is next to the "lonely grave of a thousand miles" mentioned in the poem, that is, next to the hillside where Wang Fu's grave is located, that Su Shi personally planted 30,000 fir trees to commemorate his dead wife, which shows the deep affection between Su Shi and Wang Fu.

However, I found that there is still a little mystery in this poem "Jiangchengzi", that is, since Su Shi is eager to meet his dead wife, how can he say "even if he meets, he should not know"?

"Even if we meet, we shouldn't know each other" should be a very white sentence, which means that you are afraid that you won't recognize me when we meet. In this case, why did you say "nothing, only a thousand lines of tears" later? Is it because Wang Fu couldn't recognize Su Shi, who was standing opposite, that Mr. Dongpo was so sad that he cried a thousand lines? In this case, this is ridiculous.

So the real answer should be that although the title of the word is "remembering dreams", the only person who really remembers dreams in the word should be Xiaque, and Shangque is not talking about dreams, but Su Shi's mentality in the past ten years. So what kind of mentality is this?

In front of "even if we meet, we shouldn't know", Su Shi said "If we don't think about it, we won't forget". That is to say, if you don't think about it, it is unforgettable, indicating that this kind of consciousness has become an unforgettable existence, and in the words of psychology, it is a conscious subconscious. The subsequent feeling of "even if we meet, we should not know each other" should actually be like this. So why did Su Dongpo have this intuition that was not recognized by Wang Fu?

In fact, Su Shi himself gave the answer in his words, that is, "the face is covered with dust and the temples are like frost."

The general interpretation only stays in the literal sense, thinking that it is the wind, dust, frost and snow that makes Su Shi find it difficult to face his wife. In other words, Su Shi felt that even if his wife Wang Fu really saw herself again at this time, she would not recognize Su Shi who was already old. But why did Su Shi think so? Is this just the feeling of ordinary people getting old?

We know that Wang Fu/KLOC-married Su Shi at the age of 0/6 and died at the age of 26. The decade when he married Su Shi was the most enterprising and prosperous one in Su Dongpo's life. In the past ten years, Su Shi and Su Zhe brothers have been admitted to high schools and become famous all over the world. They were awarded official positions and promoted at different levels. This is called "horseshoe disease". But what about the decade from Wang Fu's death to Su Shi's writing Jiangchengzi? Su Shi was involved in the old and new party struggle caused by Wang Anshi's political reform. The new party came to power before, because it opposed the New Deal and was excluded by Wang Anshi. Later, the old party gained power, emphasizing that Wang Anshi's political reform also had some merits, and as a result, it was excluded by Sima Guang. As a result, regardless of whether the new party or the old party gained power, Su Shi, who was obsessed with his own ideals and personal opinions, was unlucky. During this period, what he suffered most politically was to demote officials, and then demote them again and again, which was really called "the ups and downs of officials."

In the following decades, Su Shi's official career never got rid of this sinister fate. In the fourth year after he wrote this poem "Jiangchengzi", the famous "Wutai Poetry Case" broke out in Song history, and the old man Dongpo was jailed and almost died. So at this time, Su Dongpo experienced ten years of ups and downs in his career, and he was disheartened about his political ideals when he was young. If not disheartened, he also had a major change in his personal mood. I think it is this change that has led to giants in cultural history, not giants in political history.

Therefore, the "dust cream temples" in this place should be read together with the first two words, that is, the "boundless" of "ten years of life and death". In fact, it is not only the vast distance between life and death, but also the "long night" of life journey. It is this "boundless" sense of the political ideal of life that makes Su Dongpo put his heart and energy into humanistic life, cooking and drinking, keeping in good health and practicing yoga, poetry and songs, and the love between men and women. With Su Dongpo's talent and ability, when he devoted all his energy to literature and art, then the Song Dynasty was fortunate to have a cultural master who had never been seen before.

Knowing this emotion, we can understand why Su Shi especially missed his ex-wife Wang Fu during this period.

You know, when Su Dongpo wrote Jiangchengzi, his current wife was Wang Fu's cousin Wang Runzhi, a very virtuous woman, and a famous wife and mother at that time. When he died, Su Dongpo claimed to be "dry with tears", that is, his eyes were almost crying. This shows that their feelings are quite deep, which means that Su Dongpo can't miss his ex-wife because of the disharmony between husband and wife now.

You should also know that when Su Dongpo wrote Jiangchengzi, his third wife, Wang Chaoyun, the most beloved woman in his life, had come to his side. Chao Yun was discovered, appreciated and accepted as a maid by Su Dongpo at the age of 12. Later, Mrs. Su, that is, Wang Runzhi persuaded Dongpo to let her be a concubine, and became a woman who could finally suffer with Su Dongpo for a lifetime. In other words, Su Dongpo is not short of emotional comfort at this time. Then, why did he miss Wang Fu so much when he was demoted to Huangzhou?

This is about to talk about the characteristics of his marriage with Wang Fu.

Wang Fu's father was a native of Gongshi Township, Sichuan Province, and was an intellectual family in ancient times. Wang Fu knew how to learn from books since he was a child. We don't know what Wang Fu's talent is. Of course, it must be a little difficult to catch up with Su Shi, but Su Shi himself recorded in his article that Wang Fu, who was next to him, pointed out a mistake and greatly admired Su Dongpo, who was knowledgeable. I think to point out Su Dongpo's mistakes in reading, the general knowledge accumulation is definitely not enough, so Wang Fu's talent is definitely not ordinary.

Wang Fu not only studies with her husband every day, but also worries about her husband's career. According to historical records, Wang Fu has a hobby, that is, whenever Su Shi's colleagues and subordinates come to visit at home after he became an official, Su Shi receives and talks in the front hall, while Wang Fu hides behind the curtain and listens quietly. After the guests left, Wang Fu used her female intuition to analyze the content of the conversation and the person who spoke for her husband. It is said that Su Shi often benefits a lot.

For example, Zhang Dun visited Su Shi before he made his fortune. After he left, Wang Fu, who was hiding behind the curtain and eavesdropping, told her husband that this Zhang Dun must be a wicked man. Su Shi did not agree. Later, after Zhang Dun was proud of his official career, he was indeed a very insidious villain. Su Shi and Wang Anshi were planted in his hands, so that Su Shi's open-minded personality gnashed her teeth and said that she was a ghost and didn't want to see Zhang Dun again. She said with emotion that Wang Fu has a good eye for people.

This shows the characteristics of Wang Fu's "wives and concubines in groups". Su Shi clearly called Wang Fu a good wife in the epitaph of his late wife Wang Shi. Su Shi's father also likes this daughter-in-law very much. After Wang Fu's death, Su Xun, Wang Fu's father-in-law, asked Su Shi to send Wang Fu back to his hometown in Sichuan to be buried with Shi Cheng, Su Shi's mother and Wang Fu's mother-in-law. This shows how competent this daughter-in-law is in Su Xun's eyes.

But I think, as a man, will Su Dongpo like a wife who eavesdrops on her conversation with her colleagues behind the curtain?

I don't think most men in China want to encounter such a situation. Let colleagues and friends know that they will laugh at this man for being "henpecked"! But not on Su Shi.

First of all, Wang Fu only helps Su Shi to make suggestions, not everything is in his charge. Su Shi was born an open-minded and informal person, that is to say, his thoughts were not deep, so he was repeatedly frustrated in his official career. And such a wife who cares about her career destiny, in a sense, her advice is a good support for men who want to make a difference in politics.

It is easy to understand that men say "it should be a big deal to marry a wife". ? But in fact, in the history of China, is it really so rare that "a wife has great plans"? Qin Gui Fengbo Pavilion killed Yue Fei. Didn't you discuss it with your wife Wang under the east window? So there is an idiom called "being caught", which means that their husband and wife are in collusion. Otherwise, Qin Gui and his wife would not kneel in front of Yue Fei's Wang Yue Temple. Therefore, this Qin Gui is a villain, but I think there is at least one redeeming feature, that is, he respects his wife. It's a pity that his wife is not a good thing, otherwise, maybe history will become more gentle because of a kind woman.

In addition, such an intellectual woman who fully supports Su Shi in her official career is more easily accepted by Su Shi. This is about the background of Su Shi's growth, and Shi Cheng, Su Shi's favorite mother, happens to be such an intellectual woman.

"History of Song Dynasty, Su Shichuan" records that "I was born ten years ago, my father traveled all over the world alone, and my mother gave books to Cheng Jia, and I heard about the success or failure of ancient and modern times, which was to the point. Cheng breathed a sigh of relief when he read the biography of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The poet asked,' If the poet is the top scholar in the imperial examination, will my mother allow it?' Shicheng said, "Can you be an evil mother?" "

According to this record, when Su Shi was ten years old, his father Su Xun was not at home for two years, and Su Shi's mother Shi Cheng personally taught Su Shi and Su Zhe to read. I said that one day I read the Biography of Fan Pang in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, because Fan Pang was a typical loyal intellectual in ancient times. When he was taken away by a traitor, his mother solemnly saw him off. When Su Shi read this, he asked Cheng, "If I take my future life as an example, will my mother agree?" You see, when Su Shi was ten years old, he had the ideal of giving up his life for righteousness. This is certainly not easy, but what is even more unique is that Cheng put down his book and replied categorically: "Can you be like that, and I can't be like my mother?"

This incident has a great influence on young Su Shi, and it can also be seen that Cheng's life interest and life ideal have influenced Su Shi. To some extent, Cheng's personality charm and intellectual temperament will undoubtedly leave a deep impression on Su Shi. Judging from the Oedipus complex that men generally have, it is undoubtedly Su Shi's ideal companion for women who are close to Cheng's temperament. And Wang Fu is such an ideal candidate.

This is why Su Shi sincerely said that Wang Fu was a wife, so even the old pedant Su Xun praised this daughter-in-law. This is why Su Shi finally shipped Wang Fu's coffin back to Sichuan and buried it in front of his mother's grave one year after his father died. Therefore, from the Confucian point of view, the marriage between Su Shi and Wang Fu is the most ideal model of Confucian intellectuals' "managing the country and ruling the world". In this sense, it is reasonable that Su Shi, who has experienced a "long road and a long night" in his official career, misses Wang Fu the most when his political and cultural beliefs are facing an inflection point.

Then, since the marriage between Su Shi and Wang Fu is so ideal, why is Wang Chaoyun the most beloved woman in his life?

Please note that we use the word "love". I think Su Shi's feelings for Wang Fu are more "love".

After Wang Fu's wife died, Wang Fu's cousin Wang Runzhi married her cousin who had a crush on her for many years. Wang Runzhi is a perfect wife and mother. Although she is not as talented as her cousin and later Wang Chaoyun, she is the most caring person in Su Shi's life. Su Shi was deeply moved by her meticulous care for Su Dongpo and three children who were not her own. When Yuan Zhen missed his wife Wei Cong, he said, "But it is not what people who have been poor together know." Wang Runzhi spent most of her life in exile with Su Shi, so she and Su Shi should be the purest and purest "poor couple".

But strictly speaking, although Su Shi and Wang Runzhi have deep feelings, Wang Runzhi is not a person who fully understands Su Shi. She is his wife, but not his bosom friend. A typical example is Wutai Poetry Case, in which Su Shi was put in prison. Wang Runzhi burned Su Shi's poems at home for fear, which is a particularly regrettable thing. Of course, Wutai Poetry Case is essentially a literary inquisition, and Su Shi's misfortune is really caused by writing poems, but Wang Runzhi's reaction shows that she values her husband Su Shi's life more than his talent and achievements.

But because of this, Su Shi showed special love and cherish when the real bosom friend came to him. This confidant is the last woman Su Shi loved deeply-Wang Chaoyun.

First, I want to ask a question. When Wang Chaoyun came to Su Shi, he was only 12 years old. Su Shi was 37 years old at this time. Can there be so-called love between two people?

Of course, we don't deny that there is "forgetting friends" between people, and there can also be "forgetting love" between men and women, just like Mr. Yang Zhenning and Ms. Weng Fan. However, Wang Chaoyun's age at this time is too small. Even if the ancients got married early and fell in love at a younger age, they should not be as young as 12 years old. Therefore, when Su Shi brought Wang Chaoyun home for the first time, he undoubtedly took a fancy to her artistic temperament and talent. There should be no such feelings between men and women. Therefore, it can be said that the days when Su Shi and Chao Yun started together were purely a natural "lifestyle", not semi-utilitarian.

In a sense, Su Shi took Chao Yun home as a singer, taught her to read and write, taught her music and dance, and taught her poetry and songs. They started this epic love as teachers and students. It is precisely because of this that this relationship is particularly rich, and Su Shi's pity for Chaoyun and Chaoyun's worship of Su Shi have aggravated this relationship. When this situation develops to the extreme, the parties have a strong sense of "confidant" and "confidant".

According to Fei Zhou's Records of Liang Man in the Song Dynasty, Su Shi, who is open-minded, likes to vent his anger in interesting ways, although he is full of anger in the court. One day after work, he came home patting his stomach and asked the maid at home, guess what was inside? A maid said without thinking, of course, she had just eaten at noon. Su Shi shook his head. Another clever maid said that she must be full of articles. Su Shi smiled and shook his head. Another maid said, it is not easy. College student Sue is full of cleverness. How can she be full of idiots? Su Shi smiled, but shook his head.

Everyone froze and looked at each other. Su Shi looked at Chaoyun, who had never spoken, smiled at Chaoyun and sighed: "It's not appropriate here!" " Su Shi burst out laughing, clutching his stomach and nodding. So Su Shi later built a Liu Ruting in Huizhou West Lake where Chaoyun's tomb was located to commemorate Chaoyun. On the pavilion, he personally wrote a pair of couplets:

Out of date, only Chaoyun can know me;

Playing the same old tune alone, I miss you every time it rains.

The phrase "only Chaoyun can understand me" here means Chaoyun is the only bosom friend in my life. That is to say, in Su Shi's view, even his younger brother Su Zhe, who has deep feelings for him, is not as good as Wang Chaoyun in "understanding you" and "understanding me".

We say that Chaoyun is Su Shi's confidant, but conversely, what is Su Shi's attitude towards Chaoyun?

Su Shi was demoted to Hainan. At that time, Hainan was not like the current special zone, with developed economy and feasting. At that time, Hainan was a well-known stagnation place. In ancient times, this was the worst exile place in the environment. The officials sent there are tantamount to exile, and they can't come back alive. Even Su Dongpo, who was optimistic by nature, did not have full confidence in surviving in the Central Plains, so he dismissed his family, especially the maids and concubines at home, before leaving. Chao Yun is Su Shi's concubine at this time, and the others are scattered, but she insists on following Su Dongpo to the "ends of the earth" and refuses to leave. In today's Huizhou, Guangdong, the Su Shi family finally settled down. One day, Chao Yun sang Su Shi's "Recent Flowers", and she especially liked to sing:

Flowers fade, red apricots are small, swallows come and people walk around in the green water. There are few willows blowing on the branches, but there are many herbs in the sea.

Swing in the outer wall of the road, laity in the wall, beautiful woman laughing in the wall. Laughter dies in silence, but passion is mercilessly annoyed.

According to historical records, Chao Yun sang in the middle, and Su Shi asked her what happened. Chao Yun replied, "I can't sing, it's' there are few willows blowing on the branches, and there are no fragrant grass in the world'." It turned out that the phrase "there are plenty of fragrant grass in the sea" made Chaoyun burst into tears and couldn't sing. It is said that Chaoyun died of illness soon, and Su Dongpo never heard this word again in his life.

Then, why did Chaoyun sing this sentence and burst into tears? And why did Su Shi regard it as the swan song of the world and stop listening to this word?

When most of us read this word, we usually read an open-minded and even cheerful mood. Look, there is a beautiful woman's laughter on the swing in the wall. Although it is empty outside the wall, you regret it, but it is free and easy after all. In particular, the phrase "the grass in the sea is flourishing", which is accepted by most people, has become a common saying in our lives. How can such a free and easy sentence make Chaoyun's clothes full of tears and even unsustainable?

This is about to talk about the allusion to the word "there are plenty of fish in the sea". This sentence comes from Qu Yuan's Lisao. The original sentence is "why are you alone, why do you want to stay?" What do you mean? Qu Yuan consoled himself by saying that the world is full of herbs. Why do you only miss your old country? We know that the beauty of vanilla is only a metaphor and symbol in Qu Yuan's Lisao, which means that since you can't realize your ideal of life in your own country, you can leave your hometown! But Qu Yuan said this in order to show that he can't live without his motherland, his ideals and his career. Only in this way can we express our pain.

Su Shi borrowed Qu Yuan's poems, so the artistic conception can be imagined. It is not that we generally feel that there is only broadmindedness and freedom, but that there should be a deep sadness.

No one can read this meaning, but it can be read to the cloud. Only Chaoyun can realize that Su Dongpo is just a frustrated passer-by outside the wall in the face of harsh reality, so she cries for it.

Su Dongpo's reaction at that time was to comfort Chaoyun with a smile and say, "I am sorry for autumn, you are hurting spring!" " "Inner meaning, ChaoYun, there is no need to be so sad. I can listen to you sing "The Recent Flower" at the ends of the earth, which is the happiness of life. What about other pains?

However, after Chao Yun's death, Su University, which loved poetry, "never listened to this word". It can be seen that Su Shi seemed to be very open-minded when facing the tears of Chaoyun at that time. In fact, he was deeply moved by Chaoyun's love of bosom friend, which showed restraint and freedom at that time, but later became a warm but painful existence in Su Shi's heart. In other words, Chao Yun is the only one who understands Su Shi, and Su Shi's understanding of Chao Yun has produced great understanding and harmony, that is, they really communicated with each other. In Chaoyun's eyes, in Su Shi's world, the world is turbid, and only the two of them are the clearest existence in each other's lives.

This can understand why Wang Chaoyun is the favorite of Su Dongpo's life. When life and death are gone, only the truest, purest and clearest emotion is his last dream for Su Shi, a master of culture and the soul of art.

Su Shi worshipped Bai Juyi, a great poet in Tang Dynasty, all his life. In his early years, he wrote a poem enviously and said, "I am happy, but I am plain and rude." That is to say, my talent is not worse than Bai Juyi's, except that I don't have two celebrities like Xiao Man, and I don't have a "cherry Su Fan mouth and a waist".

However, in his later years, Su Dongpo wrote a poem saying, "It's not like Yang Zhi's joy, just like having Ling Xuan with Germany." That is to say, unlike Su Fan and Schumann, the woman I love finally left Bai Letian. She will follow me everywhere and remain loyal, but this is where Bai Letian can't compare with me.

The title of Su Shi's smug poem is Sunglow.

In fact, from the perspective of love, Bai Juyi is indeed far from Su Dongpo. Actually, Bai Juyi is not the only one. Most men in China have lagged far behind Su Dongpo throughout the ages. Throughout his life, he had a wife Fu, a wife and mother Runzhi's family life, and an emotional bosom friend Chao Yun. In other words, Su Dongpo has almost all the ideal lovers that China men can dream of in love and marriage. How can there be a little regret in such a life? This reminds Lin of April Day on Earth:

"You are love, warmth and hope. You are April on earth! "

For Su Shi, Wang Fu is hope, Wang Runzhi is warmth and Wang Chaoyun is love! And Dongpo lay man will live in his "April Day on Earth" forever!