(1) aerobic equipment
Aerobic equipment is an essential equipment for aquaculture, especially in the case of high-density aquaculture, the aerator plays a great role in improving the yield and efficiency of aquaculture. Commonly used aeration equipment includes impeller aerator, waterwheel aerator, jet aerator, suction aerator, vortex aerator, aeration pump, microporous aerator, etc. With the continuous improvement of aquaculture demand and aerator technology, many new aerators have appeared, such as spewing aerator and spray aerator.
① Impeller oxygenator. Impeller aerator is an aerator which drives the impeller to rotate and stir the water body by a motor, and dissolves the air and oxygen on the upper water surface into the water body. Impeller aerator has the comprehensive functions of aeration, water stirring and aeration, and is the most widely used aeration equipment. Because the impeller aerator is centered on the circular expansion movement, it is suitable for short and wide ponds. General fish ponds can be equipped with impeller aerators according to 0.5 ~ 1 kW per mu.
② Waterwheel aerator. The waterwheel aerator is an aerator that agitates the water on the surface of the water body by using the blades on both sides to increase the contact area with the air and increase the dissolved oxygen in the water body. The impeller trajectory of the waterwheel aerator is vertical to the horizontal plane, and the push flow moves and diffuses along the length and width direction, which is more suitable for long and narrow fish ponds and when it is necessary to form pond water flow. Its biggest feature is that it can cause directional water flow in the culture pond, which is convenient to meet the needs of special fish culture and clean up sediments. General waterwheel aerator can be equipped with power of 0.7 kW per mu.
③ Jet aerator. Jet aerator, also known as jet self-priming aerator, is an aeration device that uses jet to increase water exchange and dissolved oxygen. Compared with other aerators, it has the characteristics of simple structure, forming water flow and stirring water body. It can make the water slowly oxygenated, without hurting the fish, and is suitable for oxygenation in the fry pond. The disadvantage is that the equipment price is relatively high and the use cost is also high.
④ Suction aerator. The working principle of the suction aerator is to suck air through negative pressure, send the air into the water to form vortex mixing with the water, and then push the water forward for aeration. It has strong mixing ability, especially for lower water, which is stronger than impeller aerator. It is more suitable for ponds with deep water bodies.
⑤ Vortex aerator. The vortex aerator consists of a motor, an air compressor, a hollow tube, exhaust blades and a floating device. The motor shaft is a hollow tube shaft, which is directly communicated with the air compressor and exhaust blades. It can send air into the water to form a gas-water mixture, and rotate at high speed to form a vortex for water exchange. The vortex aerator has no deceleration structure, light weight, low noise, reasonable structure and high aeration efficiency. It is mainly used for oxygenation of water bodies under ice in the north.
⑥ Oxygen pump. The oxygen-increasing pump uses alternating current to generate changing magnetic poles, which drives the rod with fixed magnetic poles to vibrate. There is a rubber bowl at the end of the rod to fix the magnetic pole. When the rod vibrates, it will compress the air and pump it out. Compressed air is divided into countless small bubbles through the bubble stone at the end of the conduit, thus increasing the contact area with water and improving the dissolution rate of oxygen. It is convenient to carry, simple to operate, and has a single oxygenation function, and is generally suitable for fry culture ponds or greenhouse culture ponds with a water depth of less than 0.7 meters and an area of less than 0.6 mu.
⑦ microporous aeration device. Micropore aeration device is a kind of aeration and oxygenation device with the cooperation of compressor and polymer microporous oxygen exposure tube. Aeration pipes are generally arranged at the bottom of the pond, and compressed air escapes through micropores to form fine bubbles, which increases the gas-water contact area of the water body. With the rise of bubbles, toxic gases such as feces, sundries, residual bait, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia in the lower water body can be brought out of the water surface. Microporous aeration device has the characteristics of improving water environment, uniform dissolved oxygen and little disturbance to water body. The microporous aeration device is especially suitable for the cultivation of crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs.
(2) Feeding equipment
Feeding equipment is a kind of feed feeding equipment made by using the principles of machinery, electronics and automatic control. Bait feeder has the characteristics of improving the quality of feeding, saving time and manpower, and has become an important aquaculture equipment in aquaculture farms. At present, automatic timing quantitative feeder is widely used. Bait feeder generally uses a motor to drive the turntable, and the feed in the culture pond is scattered by centrifugal force.
(3) Irrigation and drainage equipment
Irrigation and drainage equipment mainly includes water pumps, waterwheels and other equipment. Water pump is the main irrigation and drainage equipment in aquaculture farm. The water pumps used in aquaculture farms mainly include axial flow pumps, centrifugal pumps, submersible pumps and pipeline pumps.
In aquaculture, water pumps are not only used for water intake and drainage, flood control and drainage, hydraulic transportation, etc. And it also plays a great role in regulating water level, water temperature, water exchange and oxygen supply. There are many models and specifications of water pumps for aquaculture, so we must choose them according to the conditions of use. Axial flow pump has a large flow, which is suitable for use in the case of low lift and large water delivery. Centrifugal pump has a high lift and is suitable for long-distance water transportation. Submersible pump is easy to install and use, and is suitable for use under the condition that the water delivery capacity is not very large.
(4) Matrix improvement equipment
Pond sediment is the material warehouse in the pond ecosystem, and the physical and chemical reaction of pond sediment directly affects the water quality of aquaculture ponds and the growth of cultured fish. Therefore, appropriate equipment should be adopted to treat the pond sediment according to the deposition situation of the pond. The equipment for improving the bottom material is a kind of mechanical equipment used to treat the sediment at the bottom of the pond, which is divided into drainage operation and undrained operation. Drainage machinery mainly includes vertical mud pump, hydraulic pond digger, disc harrow, soil crusher, plough and so on. Non-drainage machinery mainly includes underwater dredging machine.
① Vertical mud pump. Vertical mud pump is a kind of dredging equipment which directly sucks the mud at the bottom of the pond by using a single suction centrifugal pump. It is mainly used for dredging ponds or excavating soil, and can also be used for pumping mud feed and manure. It has the characteristics of convenient handling and installation and good anti-blocking effect.
② Hydraulic pond digging device. Hydraulic pond digger is a kind of dredging equipment which simulates the scouring principle of natural water flow and uses hydraulic power to continuously complete the process of digging and moving soil. Hydraulic pond digging unit has the characteristics of simple structure, reliable performance, high efficiency, low cost and strong adaptability. Widely used in pond dredging and fish pond reconstruction.
(5) Water quality testing equipment
Aquaculture farms should generally be equipped with necessary water quality testing equipment, which is mainly used for daily testing of pond water quality. Water quality testing equipment includes portable water quality testing equipment and online monitoring system.
① Portable water quality testing equipment. Portable water quality detection equipment has the characteristics of portability and portability. Suitable for field use, it can continuously analyze and determine some physical and chemical indexes of pond water, such as dissolved oxygen, pH value, redox potential, temperature and so on. Aquaculture farms should generally be equipped with portable water quality monitoring instruments in order to grasp the changes of pond water quality in time and provide basis for aquaculture production decision-making.
② Online monitoring system. Pond water quality monitoring system generally consists of electrochemical analysis probe, data acquisition module, configuration software with distributed centralized control input and output module, aerator, feeder and so on. Multi-parameter water quality sensor can continuously and automatically monitor dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, pH, COD and other parameters. Generally, a sampling pump is used to detect water samples, which are transported to sensors for detection through pipelines. There are two data transmission modes: wireless and wired. The information of water quality data is analyzed and stored by centralized control industrial computer, and the real-time data of water quality at the detection point is displayed by large LCD screen.
The feedback control system mainly inputs the data required by managers into the control system through programming, and the control system controls oxygen enrichment or feeding through circuits.
(6) Fishing equipment
Fishing equipment is used for pond fishing, which has the characteristics of saving labor and improving fishing efficiency. Pond fishing equipment mainly includes nets, mobile fishing equipment, trapping equipment, electric fishing equipment, ultrasonic fishing equipment and so on. At present, the main applications in ponds are trapping equipment and mobile catching equipment.
(7) Power and transportation equipment
Aquaculture farms should be equipped with necessary standby power generation equipment and transportation tools. Especially in areas with poor power infrastructure, farms need to be equipped with power generation equipment to meet the emergency needs and meet the emergency needs of production and life in the case of power shortage. Aquaculture farms need to be equipped with a certain number of tractors and transport vehicles to meet production needs.