He is a jurchen in the Jin Dynasty, but he is the only scholar born in Heilongjiang among many imperial examination champions in China! It is also the "contemporary Kong Ming" in the world population! So who is he, and what talent and ability can he bear such a good reputation?
Now, let's go back to the Jin Dynasty, where there were many political powers and wars, and appreciate the unique style of this "contemporary Kong Ming" in the Jin Dynasty.
Tu, whose real name is Yi, was born in Meng 'an, Susubaozi, Shangjing Road (now Yingchengzi, wuchang city, Harbin). His father, Shan Yuti, once stayed in Beijing (now Daming Town, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia). His date of birth is unknown. He lived in Xi for four years (1 144).
When I was young, during the turbulent period of the Jin Dynasty, Jin Wushu died. After Yan Hongliang murdered Jin Xizong, he was killed by Lu Ye Yuan Yi. Liaoyang left Yan Yongyong as emperor-Jin Shizong.
After he ascended the throne, Wan clearly realized that although Wan Yanliang hated killing his wife and was cruel during his reign, the excellent policies he tried to preserve had far-reaching significance for the rule of the Jin Dynasty, which still needed to be continued, including breaking the gap between the Nuzhen rulers and the Han gentry bureaucrats, mastering the Han land in the Central Plains more firmly, and making the Southern Song Dynasty seamlessly sinicized. This is also the general trend.
However, when the emperor, who grew up in Baishan and Heishui, looked around at the Jurchen courtiers who had degenerated to the point where they couldn't even speak Jurchen language, he always felt deeply lonely: How should we maintain the old customs of Jurchen? He thought about it day and night, pursued it, and finally turned his attention to his hometown-Shangjing Road.
It takes a person who tied the bell to untie the bell. Now that the Jurchen in Shanhaiguan has been localized in China, the Jurchen in my hometown may be able to fulfill my long-cherished wish.
He thought for a while, and immediately thought of a person: Wu Ying peerless, only seven years old, can master Jurchen script skillfully.
I think he is a great genius and can be used by me. I've seen Dading (1 164) for four years, and I'm estimated to be twenty years old. He is a mule or a horse, so he must be pulled out to experience.
Wan immediately summoned his father, Shan Wu Yu, to Beijing, and gave him books such as Zhenguan dignitaries, Baise Forest, Historical Records, and the Book of the Western Han Dynasty, and ordered him to go back and have them translated into jurchen, which was the first test of his career.
Later, Wan found it difficult to accomplish this long-cherished wish by one person alone. So, he found officials in imperial academy and put the establishment of Jurchen Jinshi Branch on the agenda.
Let's talk about it After the book was brought back to his son, the student really lived up to expectations, eating and drinking, and in just two years, all the books that Wan gave were translated according to jurchen.
After getting a beautiful answer sheet from his disciples, Wan finally realized Liu Bei's feelings when he met Zhuge Liang. He was overjoyed and immediately published these translations. At the same time, he ordered disciple Shan Wu Ti to bring his son to Beijing to participate in the teaching of learning ancient poems and countermeasures. From then on, Yi Chan became familiar with the Khitan language.
In August of the 13th year of Dading (1 173), after almost ten years of sharpening the knife, Wan, who was eager for talents, finally issued the relevant policies on Jurchen Jinshi: all Jurchen who participated in Jurchen Jinshi were exempted from taking two exams in the township government, only taking the ministerial exam and the court exam, and the topic was only the countermeasures within 500 words of Jurchen; In addition, in Zhongdu (now Beijing), the local Jurchen Guo Zi School was set up to teach Jurchen language, all the children of scholars were enrolled, and new scholars were appointed as professors.
Because of the great temptation, once this policy was introduced, not only the Nuzhen in Northeast China entered the school one after another, but also the threshold of local official schools was almost broken, which set off a vigorous retro trend among the Nuzhen in the mainland. A few years later, due to the saturation of officials and scholars familiar with Jurchen in the government, Wan adjusted this policy to the same three-year examination as Han Jinshi.
And Yi Shan, a disciple who has been studying hard, didn't live up to high expectations in this exam, and won the championship in one fell swoop, becoming the first and only champion in the imperial examination in Heilongjiang Province!
In order to reward him, ten thousand people named him two officials, and the rest of the Jinshi each named an official, and stipulated that the first three were Nuzhen professors, and the rest of the Jinshi were local official professors from the fourth place. Just when Tu Youyou was confident and ready to show his political ambitions, he didn't know that this would be the beginning of his bumpy career.
In his later years, due to the abundant talents in the imperial court, there were not many opportunities for Shan Yong to display his talents in governing the country and securing the country. Although Hong Qiuyan and Zuo's Lieliang recommended him many times, Yan Hongyong also gave him many opportunities, but most of them ran back and forth in imperial academy and Guo Zi schools, editing books.
Until Jin Shizong died in the 29th year of Dading (1 189) 1 20th, it was a blink of an eye. At this time, if he was born in 1 144, he was already 45 years old, while in ancient times, his life span was only over 30 years old.
In recent years, in order to exercise his talents and repay Wan's kindness, he not only compiled books, but also trained a large number of officials for the country-such as Wan Yan Mine, which later became an official for Qiu-but he still didn't know what kind of officialdom turmoil this move would bring him in the future.
Although Jing, who just succeeded to the throne, can speak fluent Jurchen language-his father is very young, and Yong's Prince Yun Gong ordered him to study hard to please his father-he prefers China culture, and he writes beautifully in fine gold.
According to legend, Wan dreamed of standing in front of him holding a baby and laughing at his birth. Although the omen is unlucky, he is the best descendant, so he can only be the great-grandson of the emperor.
After Wan Yanjing succeeded to the throne, he was promoted to doctor Zuo Jian and assistant minister of the official department. Only one year later, in the first year of Ming Chang (1 190), he was promoted to Yu Shicheng and participated in the discussion of state affairs.
In order to help Jing, who still had the heart to govern the world in the early days of his succession, while compiling the national history and training talents for the court, he began to repeatedly persuade him not only to be cautious, but also to pay attention to the shortcomings of the sages and the previous generation, to be good at training and to control his own desires.
At the same time, in order to correct the sluggish spirit of Thai students and persuade them to take benevolence, righteousness and morality as the foundation, six volumes of Urgent Learning, Main Roads and Hongdao Collection have been specially compiled for Thai students. Because too many students are grateful for his teaching, they carve the urgent learning and basic way on the stone tablet for reflection at any time.
Although Wan Yanjing accepted his suggestion, he soon got tired of this kind of interference, so he was just promoted to Shang Shu You Cheng and continued to be responsible for compiling books.
However, Tushan did not remain silent for a long time. In the second year, 1 192, Ming Chang for three years, always looked down on Yan Yanjing's Zheng Wang and Gao Wang's uncle, wanted to rebel, and tried to seize Yan Yanliang's throne by imitating his father Yan Yanjing, in order to find out whether they were accomplices and to be pure and perfect.
Kinmen and relatives are never easy to mess with. Although Tu Youyou was upright and upright after taking office, he was not afraid of powerful people and resolutely picketed their rebellion and companions, but he was also hated by them.
So, the two rebellious kings began to bite everywhere like mad dogs. Although they were all sentenced to suicide in the end, more than 100 people were killed or found guilty for it-even the inheritance reached the second year of Xingding forty years later (12 18), and some disciples and followers were among them.
Therefore, suspicious Jing thought Tu was also engaging in cronyism, so he was sent to stay in Datong, Shanxi. Six years later, three years after Cheng 'an, 1 198, Wan Yanjing became more and more angry because more and more people were involved. He "returned to his hometown"-he was transferred to Beijing for temporary residence.
At this point, just as Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was recalled by the late ruler Liu Chan, it seems that everything has returned to the original point. However, he was born in Wen Ya, but he didn't lose heart, but continued to do things conscientiously.
In the second year, with the execution of two rebels, the disciples' grievances were washed away under the recommendation of Zhang Wangong, the official in charge of Pingzhang, and they set off again to return to Zhongdu as the official in charge of Pingzhang, and were named Wang.
In Zhongdu, there is no bright future in the period of Yan Hongyong. Because the Yellow River burst its banks three times and changed its course frequently, locusts also occurred frequently. Jin Dynasty, Central Plains, suffered serious financial damage, and people were displaced and starved everywhere. The price soared to the point where only one sesame seed cake could be bought. Large-scale disaster relief and dike repair is another big investment-4.3 million yuan was spent to restore the riverbank in the first year of Mingchang alone.
The prosperity of the past is now strong outside and dry inside, and it is an eventful autumn. In addition, the Jubilee Northern Expedition led by Han Ya, Prime Minister of Song Dynasty, in 1206 also made the Central Plains more eroded. Even if the rulers finally won, the Southern Song Dynasty was forced to raise the annual coin to 302,000 silver and 302,000 silk, and the "military money" paid to the rulers to 3 million two. But the money is not enough for the court to use for one day, and it can't even make up for the loss of military spending.
Later, I didn't settle down to cultivate the interest of life. Facing the nomadic tribes who constantly harassed the northern part of Jin, he not only failed to attack, but also built 900-mile-long walls and castles. Not enough, continue to send soldiers to the grassland every year to slaughter Mongolian men and show off their martial arts.
If these measures are still for the country and the people, it is ridiculous to spoil Li Lishi, who was born in poverty, and treat her as a thief's brother Li Xier and an insatiable Xu Zhiguo, leading to the chaos of state affairs and his own extravagance and waste.
In order to save the prosperous times, the disciples also advised Wan Yanjing many times during this period, and even took out the chaos caused by Emperor Gaozu's love for his wife to persuade Wan Yanjing to change his mind. When the Northern Expedition was celebrated in the Southern Song Dynasty and the Shaanxi army counterattacked the Southern Song Dynasty and won a total victory, he personally went to the battlefield governor Henan 1207. However, Yan Yanjing, who was puzzled by beauty, not only refused to listen, but also threw the disciples back to the northeast.
Later, perhaps because Liaoning was too close to Zhongdu, disciple Shan Yong was left behind in Nanjing (now Kaifeng). In the sixth year of Taihe (1206), he was transferred to Hezhou prefecture and concurrently served as Shaanxi minister. At this time, Tu Yi Chan was 62 years old.
If you just work as hard as Kongming and have the same virtue as Kongming, it is biased for people to call it "contemporary Kongming". Looking at his gray beard and hair, his face was covered with wrinkles. Just when Tu secretly thought that he was likely to die of old age in Shaanxi, a new empire launched its revenge.
For Tu, this is not only Zhuge's motto all his life, but also his motto secretly rooted in his heart as early as Wan Shi.
1206, on the Mongolian grassland, one of the most powerful nomadic regimes-Great Mongolia was born!
Later, in retaliation for Xu Jinguo's massacre of Mongolian grasslands, Temujin of Yuan Taizu bribed Wang Jiabu who was stationed on the edge of the Great Wall of the Jin Dynasty, and found out the real situation in northern Xu Jinguo through tribute.
So, 1208, 1 1 This month, with Jing's death, his most useless uncle Yongji succeeded to the throne, and his envoys went to Mongolian grassland to announce the opportunity for the new king to ascend to the throne. Yuan Taizu not only brazenly cut off the tributary relationship with the rulers, but also cursed the famous saying in front of the envoys: "I called the emperor of the Central Plains a heaven and man." Why do you worship! "
In order to guard against the invasion of Mongols, because most of the former ministers died, there was only one disciple left. Wan Yan Yongji wrote to him to be a general protector, set up a government office in the third division, and moved to Tokyo (Liaoyang), and then added officials to appease Liaodong's agreement.
On the surface, Hongyan Yongji in this period was not as "cowardly" as Yuan Taizu said. He is not only a corporal of noble character, but also cruel and decisive when poisoning several Empresses of Jing.
And his corporal Li Xian just floated on the surface, only took his apprentice into the rank, but still stayed at the border, acting as a shield for the Mongols, and did not purge armaments and bureaucracy at all; Poisoning several empresses is to consolidate the throne, but let everyone know that internal friction is intensifying and people are more dispersed-and this has become one of his unfortunate bane.
12 1 1 year, he mistakenly thought that the Mongols were nothing more than appearances, so he sent Tu back to his hometown and left him in Beijing.
In February of that year, the Mongolian army was sworn in in Lianhe, Lv Qi. Then, under the leadership of Wang Jiabu and the Qidan army, who were also oppressed by the Jurchen rulers and had already secretly participated, they easily occupied the 900-mile Great Wall set by Yan Yanjing, and the Mongolian-Jin War broke out in an all-round way.
In the face of the menacing Mongolian army, Tu Yi Chan quickly wrote to Hong Yan to offer advice and suggestions, and mainly put forward three suggestions:
1, we can't spread our troops around the border, which is easy for the enemy to break through. We should concentrate on the 450,000 elite main forces of the Jin Dynasty and select excellent generals to fight against the Mongolian army. 2. Immediately move all the people, livestock and property of Chang, Huan and Fuzhou back to the mainland. These three states are not only the richest on the border, but also the local people are strong and brave, especially Zhou Huan, which is the place where Jin grazes horses, with millions of horses. Once lost, the rulers cavalry will cease to exist. 3. Hurry up and send more commissioners to set up provincial guards in Liaodong area, the throat between Shangjing and Zhongdu, otherwise Shangjing and Zhongdu will not be able to take care of each other from beginning to end.
These three suggestions show a very high strategic vision. If it can be implemented, it is only a matter of time before the Mongolian army is strangled by a steady stream of Jin Dynasty cavalry, and the Jin Dynasty will turn the corner in a few days.
But the ability of feudal rulers decided 99% of things, and Wan Yanji only listened to half a sentence. He thought that rashly moving people and animals or setting up provinces would lead to civil unrest, which was unfavorable to his own rule and never took it to heart; And listen to this sentence is just assembled 450000 elite, the new generals are mostly a glutton.
As a result, in the Battle of Yehuling, the Jin Army was completely annihilated, and the Jin Dynasty cavalry almost withdrew from the historical stage. In September, Mongolian troops entered Juyongguan and approached Zhongdu. Liaoyang, Tokyo was occupied by Yeluge, a Khitan, in 12 12-then Yeluge fell into Mongolia's hands.
Facing the crisis that the building was about to collapse, disciple Shan Yong was very worried, because his comrade-in-arms led 20,000 troops into Zhongdu Wang Qin and was appointed as the right prime minister. Although he is about to turn 70, he still attends the official office every day. Finally, in the same year of 12 12, he fell off his horse and hurt his foot.
Old people are most afraid of wrestling, and once they fall, they will never recover. So is Yi Shan. Until 12 13, Wan Yan Yongji was killed, but he was devastated and had to lie at home.
Am I going to accomplish nothing in my life and regret it all my life? No way, when Kong Ming died, he was still wondering who could be a great post behind him. Although I don't have the talent of Kong Ming, I must repay him for his kindness in meeting him!
On his deathbed, the old man thought of great rivers and mountains, splendid times, and the kindness he met. His lips trembled and his eyes ached.
A few days later, he finally waited for the news that Hu came to ask who he should support to succeed. In line with the tradition of relying on the country for a long time and establishing a long-term position, I recommend Yan Yan's eldest brother Wan Yanxun to succeed. After Jin Xuanzong succeeded to the throne, in order to flaunt himself, he thanked the disciple Yi Chan, promoted him as Prime Minister Zuo and King of Guangping County, and awarded him.
Later, in order to contain the Mongolian army's attack on Zhongdu and protect the Lebanese people, in desperation, we had to suggest quoting the precedent of pro-Mongolian relations between Han and Hungary.
Fortunately, Jin Xuanzong adopted his suggestion, and the Mongolian army finally temporarily returned to Inner Mongolia to rest. But this is also the last time his suggestion was adopted.
12 14, Jin Xuanzong, a Mongolian army in a tourist trap, prepared to move its capital to Kaifeng, relying on the Yellow River moat and Tongguan to fight against the Mongolian army.
Hearing the news, ACTS Yi Chan immediately worried, regardless of his old age, his foot injury has not healed, and there is no provision for memorial service, trying to support the climb out of bed, stumbled into the palace, knelt in front of Jin Xuanzong and cried and pleaded:
"When you move, you won't be able to keep the north road. Now that we have made peace, we should retreat and accumulate millet, stick to the capital and put strategy on it. Nanjing is surrounded by soldiers. Liaodong, the fundamental place, is surrounded by mountains and seas. It is dangerous enough to prepare for defense. I think the future plan is the second time. I hope the emperor will not move to Nanjing. "
But no matter how he begged, Jin Xuanzong ate the weight and made up his mind. He just asked someone to help him back to the house and ignored his good advice.
In the spring, the silk quilt will be woven until it dies, and the candle will drain the wick every night. In the end, in the second year of Zhenyou, 12 14 lunar calendar, 16 in the middle of April, the "contemporary Kong Ming" of the Jin Dynasty and the last strategist of the Jin Dynasty experienced hardships like Kong Ming.
The following year, Zhongdu was captured and his family fled with ashes. Because the road to the northeast was impassable, he had to be buried in the south of Xujieshou Village, northeast of Xirenlifang Village, Fuping, Shaanxi Province, where he once served. His grave was razed to the ground in the 1960s. Twenty years later, the rulers perished. During the period, although there were bereaved people who tried their best to save them, the loyal and filial troops tried their best to resist, but everything was irreparable.
Throughout the prime minister Du Shanyi's life, although he was a child prodigy, he was paid attention to by the emperor very early and entered the official career. However, in the Yong period, due to the abundant talents in the imperial court, it became the way that Kong Ming met Liu Beishi-"Although it was his master, it was not the right time."
In the dissolute Hong Yanjing and the cowardly Hong Yanjing, he suffered many ups and downs, and his career was ups and downs. At the age of 62, he is still running around, comparable to many times in Kong Ming's later period. Although there is a strategy to rule the country and reject the enemy, it is a pity that there is no owner behind it, and where will it go? When he arrived at the incompetent Yan Hongxun, the emperor still regarded him as a tool to show off his courtesy.
It's really a pity to look carefully. However, Premier Du Shanyi's diligence and tireless research on his work, his good attitude of returning to the original point and falling to the bottom, and his spirit of never giving up in adversity are all precious qualities needed in life, just like the Kongming lantern lit in the dark, which can guide us out of the confusion and darkness of life.
References:
Jin Shi and Yuan Shi