The word "knee" in ancient Chinese is not the edge of the word "moon", but the edge of the word "one", which is synonymous with "knot" and should be correctly written as "one". According to "Notes on Explaining Words in Shuowen": "The head of the tibia is also. At the age of 30, he was at the head of the tibia, and his legs and feet were idle, so he followed. Bang sound. Cut it seven times. Customs are deeply rooted. " The original meaning is paint, which is oil oozing from trees, usually oozing from branches and protrusions of trees.
No matter from which time and space point of view, festivals represent moderation, pause, accumulation and transformation. There are actually eight solar terms in the solar calendar, which refer to the changes of fine weather, including four solar terms in beginning of spring, Changchun, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter, two solar terms in vernal equinox and autumnal equinox, and two solstice days: winter solstice and summer solstice. Many plants also have knots, such as bamboo and corn. It is hot and rainy in summer, and the sound of plants growing and jointing can be heard in quiet nights. The nodes of plants also have the functions of keeping the stage flexible, resisting external forces and preventing premature death.
The joints of animals are not only here, but also meet the needs of movement, flexion and extension and torsion. Interestingly, the knee joint of birds is just the opposite of that of mammals. For example, the knees of chickens are backward and can bend forward to meet the needs of moving forward and planing children. People's knees are forward and can only bend backwards. So when playing an imitation animal, if you play a bird, you can only wear the chicken's clothes and headdress backwards, put the chicken's mouth on the back of the head and walk backwards, that's all.
The femur is connected to the knee, and the tibia and fibula are connected below. The knee joint is mainly composed of sesamoid (patella), cartilage (meniscus), fat pad, tendons and ligaments, blood vessels and nerves, and skin around the knee. Of course, the lubricating fluid in the joint cavity can not be ignored. Although most people have never studied anatomy, it is not difficult to find that the structural characteristics of the knee joint are more bones and less meat, more tendons and fewer veins, less skin and more fat. Structure determines its function, and its main stress, activity, flexion and extension also determine its disease characteristics: low local temperature, intolerance to violence, especially rotation, susceptibility to cold, accumulation of evil, which further affects its function and leads to structural morphological changes.
The common knee joint injuries in clinic are meniscus and ligament, except patella. There are two menisci, which are composed of fibrocartilage plates and placed on the articular surface of medial and lateral condyles of tibia respectively. The medial meniscus is "C" shaped and the lateral meniscus is "O" shaped. Meniscus is cartilage, which has the functions of deepening articular fossa, cushioning vibration and protecting knee joint.
Everyone who screws a screw knows that a washer is needed between the screw and the nut. The gasket can be iron sheet, steel wire or rubber. Without a gasket as a buffer, it is difficult to fit closely. Time is short, even if it is as hard as steel, it will soon wear out. The role of meniscus is to stabilize the knee joint, disperse the load of the knee joint and promote intra-articular nutrition. It is precisely because the meniscus plays a role in stabilizing the load that the knee joint can carry out weight-bearing exercise for many years without injury.
The meniscus is located between the femoral condyle and tibia, just like a buffer, which protects the articular surface of the two and absorbs downward shock, especially when it is excessively flexed or straightened. When jumping from a height, the knee bears a considerable force brought by the gravity of the body, but the cartilage of the femoral condyle and tibial plateau is not damaged. Because of the existence of meniscus, the force is distributed to the whole knee joint and borne at the same time, which is not limited to the limited point where the femoral condyle contacts the tibial plateau.
In addition, the meniscus can prevent the displacement of the femur, because the wedge-shaped body of the meniscus can make up for the mismatch between the femoral condyle and the tibial plateau, and fill the dead space around the circular femoral condyle and the tibial plateau, thus increasing the stability of the knee joint and preventing the joint capsule and synovial tissue from entering between the articular surfaces. On the one hand, the meniscus is supplied by blood vessels, and more importantly, it is nourished by the exudation of tibial bone marrow, so that the meniscus can maintain elasticity. With the increase of age, body fluid will decrease and dry up, and the meniscus will become brittle. Even if the load is not big, the elderly or the infirm will cause meniscus injury. At the same time, it is not easy to repair after injury, and at the same time, the lubricating fluid in the joint will be reduced, the surface of the joint will become rough, and the wear will be aggravated, resulting in deeper injury.
There are four ligaments in the knee joint, anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament, which are located in the joint cavity and attached to the intercondylar ridge of femur and lateral condyle and tibia respectively to prevent the femur and tibia from moving forward and backward. The fibular collateral ligament, located at the lateral posterior side of the knee joint, strengthens and limits the overstretching of the knee joint from the lateral side. Patellar ligament is located in front of the knee joint and is the continuation of quadriceps femoris tendon. The function is to strengthen and limit knee flexion from the front. External force, excessive load, prolonged flexion and extension, and improper rotation will all damage ligaments.
Meniscus and ligament injuries are common in porters, football and basketball players, mine tunnel workers and army soldiers, and are easy to be injured in strong physical labor or sports. In addition, due to the sudden stop of rotation, the knee joint is in a semi-flexion state, the foot and calf are fixed, the thigh and trunk are subjected to their own inertial force or lateral impact force, and the meniscus and ligament are most likely to break. This often happens to martial arts and gymnastics athletes.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the kidney controls the bone marrow and the liver stores blood as the main muscle. Therefore, the problem of knee joint should avoid trauma, and at the same time, to treat diseases and find internal causes, we should start with the function of regulating liver and kidney. Observing the color of the knee is one of the diagnostic elements of traditional Chinese medicine. Clinically, it is common for adults and children to have black knee skin, and some of them are accompanied by rough elbow skin. This is a manifestation of deficiency of kidney yang and stagnation of yin and cold, which will seriously affect the function of the heart.
From the perspective of health care, kidney essence governs bone marrow, nourishes the bones and muscles in the knee joint and dissipates kidney essence. People who are lustful and overworked often have symptoms such as weakness of waist and knees and dizziness. Old people with weak kidney qi often have weak knees. In this case, while avoiding color and protecting kidney, it is necessary to take drugs that nourish liver and kidney and strengthen muscles and bones.
The most important thing is to keep your knees warm. Many beautiful women want grace, not temperature. Whether you wear skirts in spring, summer, autumn and winter, you don't care when you are young. When you enter middle age, osteoarthropathy will gradually appear. "If you stay in a cold place, Wei Rong will not live, the meat rolls will shrink, and your ribs and elbows will not stretch. The internal bone is arthralgia, the external bone is heartless, and your life is insufficient. The freezing of the knee joint affects the exercise. Every time it rains and snows, the knee will ache in advance and become a weatherman. Many elderly women abroad have suffered greatly, and we are gradually catching up with others now.
There are many ways to treat knee joint diseases in traditional Chinese medicine, not just taking medicine and applying medicine. There was a method of hot compress in ancient times, which was called truth in ancient times. "Mountain people burn bones and paste red and iron the valley." Is to wrap the salt in a hot bag and iron the knee joint. Knee pads made of hot Chinese medicine are also useful.
There are many important acupoints around the knee joint, especially the valley point: "Those who valley, camp for the joints of bones and muscles, push the old for the new." "Specifically," flow, follow the texture. Those who are in the valley, those who save qi and moisten the festival, are also beneficial to those who stop. Acupuncture or moxibustion at these valley points is not only beneficial to the rehabilitation of the knee joint itself, but also can regulate the qi and blood of the whole body. Commonly used acupuncture points include calf nose point, knee eye point, knee blood sea Liangqiu point, knee Zusanli point and Yinlingquan Zhongyang Lingquan point.
This paper comes from the savage culture "bosom friend: from head to toe, explain the operation mystery of 53 body parts with Chinese characters and master the essence of TCM health preservation"