Traditional Chinese medicine refers to the traditional medicine created by the working people in China. Chinese medicine is also called Chinese medicine and Chinese medicine in mbth. It is a subject that studies human physiology, pathology, disease diagnosis and prevention.

Chinese medicine was born in primitive society, and the theory of Chinese medicine was basically formed in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and was summarized and developed in past dynasties. In addition, it has a far-reaching influence on the countries in the cultural circle of Chinese characters, such as Japanese medicine, Korean medicine, Korean medicine and Vietnamese oriental medicine, which are all developed on the basis of Chinese medicine.

Traditional Chinese medicine bears the experience and theoretical knowledge of ancient people in China in fighting diseases. It is a medical theoretical system gradually formed and developed through long-term medical practice under the guidance of ancient naive materialism and spontaneous dialectics.

Based on the theory of yin-yang and five elements, Chinese medicine regards the human body as the unity of qi, form and spirit. It explores the etiology, nature and location of the disease through the method of "looking, listening and asking", analyzes the pathogenesis and the changes of viscera, meridians, joints, qi and blood and body fluid, judges the rise and fall of pathogenic factors, and then obtains the name of the disease, summarizes the syndrome types, and formulates the principle of "sweat and body fluid" according to the syndrome differentiation.

Development history

Chinese medicine, that is, relative to western medicine. Before western medicine flowed into China, Chinese medicine was basically not called Chinese medicine, but had a unique and rich title.

form

Chinese medicine came into being in primitive society. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the theory of traditional Chinese medicine has basically taken shape, and branches of anatomy and medicine have emerged, adopting the "four diagnoses". Treatment methods include Bian Shi, acupuncture, decoction, moxibustion, guidance, gas distribution and wishing. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "medicine and Taoism are interlinked". This influence can be traced back to Huang's classic Huangdi Neijing, which is one of the four classic works of traditional medicine in China and the earliest medical classic in China. At the same time, it is a medical masterpiece studying human physiology, pathology, diagnostics, therapeutic principles and pharmacology. Theoretically, the theories of yin and yang, five elements, pulse condition, Tibetan image, meridians, etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, health preservation and luck are established. Later, on the basis of pre-Qin Taoist thought, Chinese medicine was used to preserve health.

develop

Zhang Zhongjing, a famous physician, appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He has long understood the "eight cardinal principles" (yin and yang, exterior and interior, deficiency and excess, cold and heat) and summed up the "eight methods". Hua Tuo is famous for his mastery of surgery and anesthesia, and he also founded the "Five Birds Play" of fitness gymnastics. In the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao summarized the theories and experiences of his predecessors and collected more than 5,000 prescriptions for treatment based on syndrome differentiation. Because of his highest medical ethics, he was honored as the "King of Medicine".

Prosperous

After the Tang Dynasty, China's medical theory and works were widely spread to Korea, Japan, Central Asia and West Asia.

There are many prescriptions of Tang Dynasty engraved in Longmen Grottoes, as many as 150 kinds. The drugs used are mostly plants, animals and minerals. Prescriptions involve internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, ent, etc. The medicinal materials involved can be found among the people, which greatly facilitates the people. These prescriptions can not only treat common diseases, but also intractable diseases. For example, the prescription for treating choking can treat esophageal cancer. Among them, 95 prescriptions were included by a Japanese scholar in 10 century's Medical Heart Prescriptions, which shows their value and influence. Fang Yao Dong Fang is the earliest stone prescription in China, which has played an important role in medical research in China.

During the Song Dynasty, the government of the Song Dynasty established Hanlin Medical College, and the medical discipline was almost complete, which unified the disorder of acupoints caused by copying in China and published the illustrated classics.

descend

Since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Chinese medicine began to decline. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the school of febrile diseases appeared, which gradually replaced the school of classical Chinese medicine. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, written at the end of Ming Dynasty, marked the decline of TCM pharmacology. At the same time, both Mongolian medicine and Tibetan medicine are influenced by Chinese medicine. In North Korea, oriental medicine has also made great progress. For example, the Treasure of Oriental Medicine written by Xu Jun.

Since the late Qing Dynasty, China has been invaded by western powers, and its national fortune has been weakened. At the same time, the influx of modern medicine (western medicine) has seriously impacted the development of Chinese medicine. Many people in China advocate medical modernization, and traditional Chinese medicine has been greatly challenged. People began to look at it with the thinking mode of western medicine system, and Chinese medicine fell into a dispute of keeping or abolishing. The same is true of Japanese medicine and Korean medicine, both of which belong to China's medical system.

wake up

Since SARS in 2003, classical Chinese medicine began to show signs of recovery.

During the Cultural Revolution, Chinese medicine, as a medical paradigm of "making the past serve the present", was supported and developed by China's * * * policy. Modern Chinese medicine is still one of the commonly used methods to treat diseases in China.

Internationally, acupuncture has aroused great interest in the medical field. Acupuncture has been proved to be effective in relieving postoperative pain, nausea during pregnancy, nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, toothache and so on, and the side effects are extremely low. However, the data on chronic pain, back pain and headache are vague or controversial. WHO believes that the effectiveness of many acupuncture and some herbs has been strongly supported by scientific double-blind research, but other traditional therapies need further research, and the safety and danger of traditional therapies that have not yet been studied cannot be ignored. On May 26th, 2002, WHO announced the "Global Traditional Medicine Research Strategy for 2002-2005", inviting more than 65,438+0,80 countries around the world to incorporate alternative medicine into their medical policies.

The original innovation and revolution of the basic theory of modern Chinese medicine began in the 1990s. The new philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine includes three philosophies of traditional Chinese medicine: holistic view and dialectical view, and the third newly excavated philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine: similarity view-fractal theory.

20 18, 10, 1, the world health organization first included traditional Chinese medicine in the medical syllabus with global influence. The newly included information about Chinese medicine will be written in Chapter 26 of the Global Medical Outline (1 1 Edition), which mainly explains the classification system of traditional medicine and will be implemented in WHO member countries in 2022.