Appreciation of Du Fu's Translation of Ancient Poems 1 erduilu
Du Fu
On March 3rd, Spring Festival, the weather was fresh, and many beautiful people gathered in Qujiang, Chang 'an.
Dignified attitude, lofty and quiet personality, plump skin, thin and moderate figure.
Embroidered gold and silver silk unicorn in late spring.
Jade flowers hanging from their temples hang on their temples.
The jewelry skirt behind them is safer.
Several of them are relatives of the imperial concubine and two wives of Guo and Qin.
The jade steamer is served with fragrant pots and purple humps, and the crystal plate is served with delicious white fish.
They held their horns and chopsticks for a long time, and the chef held a sharp knife.
The eunuch flew away, afraid to raise the dust, and the cook came to the sea, enjoying delicacies.
My music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, and so on.
How arrogant a horse owner is. He dismounted from the embroidered carpet and went into the tent.
Snow-like duckweed is easy to fall and cover, and bluebirds fly to the ground in red silk handkerchief.
Yang Jiaqi's flame is extremely powerful and unparalleled. Please don't go near it, lest the Prime Minister be furious!
Du Fu s Translation of Er Gong Lu;
On March 3, the weather in spring is very fresh.
There are many beautiful women gathered by Qujiang in Chang 'an.
Dignified, noble, quiet and natural,
The skin is plump, thin, moderate and well-proportioned.
Ling Hua's fine clothes set off the late spring scenery,
Peacock embroidered with gold thread, Kirin stabbed with silver thread.
What are you wearing on your head?
Jade ornaments hang from the temples.
What can you see behind them?
How well the gem skirt waist fits.
Several of them are relatives of empresses (that is, Yang Guifei).
There are Guo Guo and his two wives (according to Biography of Yang Guifei in Old Tang Dynasty, Yang Guifei's eldest sister is called Mrs. Han, the third sister is called Mrs. Guo, and the eighth sister is called Mrs.).
The emerald steamer brings out a fragrant purple hump.
The crystal plate brought delicious white fish.
Usually tired of eating delicacies, I hold chopsticks made of rhinoceros horn for a long time.
The chefs cut the air with knives.
The eunuch galloped his horse, afraid to raise the dust,
The royal chef keeps bringing seafood and delicious food.
Xiao Sheng and drum music are touching and touching,
The guests were crowded with dignitaries.
How arrogant the officers on horseback are,
Dismount in front of the car and walk into the tent door from the embroidered carpet.
Snow-like poplars fell and covered the duckweed.
Jade bird flew to pick up the red silk handkerchief on the ground.
The Yang family is very powerful and unparalleled.
Don't come near, lest the prime minister be furious!
Second, the road word explanation:
1, March 3rd is Shangsi Day, and more girls from Chang 'an Palace went for an outing in Qujiang, south of the city, in the Tang Dynasty. Wu Meng: The story of Qushui on March 3rd began in the Jin Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Qujiang hosted a banquet, and Jingshi specialized in drinking.
2, strong state: rich posture. Far-reaching: sublime. Shu and Zhen: Shu is beautiful without affectation. Fine texture: the skin is tender and smooth. Uniform flesh and blood: a symmetrical figure.
Gorgeous clothes embroidered with peacocks and gold and silver thread Kirin set off the beautiful scenery in late spring.
4. Cui: Jade Bird's Feather. Again, it is "micro". Leaf: a kind of jewelry. "Three hundred Tang Poems": "The green leaves fade slightly, which means that the green leaves fade slightly. Guang Yun: Colorful, women's hair is decorated with flowers. " Temples and lips-sideburns
5, waist: nepotism. Steady: It fits perfectly.
6. Right: Among them. Cloud curtain: refers to the cloud curtain in the palace. Pepper room: the queen's bedroom in Han Dynasty, with walls painted with pepper and mud. Later generations called the Queen Pepper House, and all members of the Queen's family were relatives of Pepper House. In the seventh year of Tianbao in Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (748), Yang Guifei was named the eldest sister of Mrs. Koryo, the third sister of Mrs. Guo and the eighth sister of Mrs. Qin.
7. The peak of the purple camel: Hump is a precious food. There is "hump roast" in the food of Tang nobles. Kettle: An ancient kettle. Guo Cui described the color of the jar. Water essence: crystal. Line: transmission. Flat scale: refers to white scale fish.
8. Rhinoceros: Chopsticks made of rhinoceros horn. Tired of eating. Luan Dao: A Dao with a Luan bell. Slice: Cut it very finely. Kong Fenlun: The chefs are busy in vain. Your people can't eat.
9. Yellow Gate: Eunuch. Flying, that is, flying horse. Bazhen: Describe how many rare and wonderful foods there are.
10, guest followers: guest followers. Miscellaneous: A lot of clutter. Jin Yao: This refers to an important ferry, and this refers to the home of Yang's brother and sister. The so-called "Guo Qianmen hodgepodge".
1 1, later pommel horse: that is, Prime Minister Yang. Wander around: walk slowly, no one is watching. Gold seal: brocade carpet.
12, the last two sentences are argot, alluding to the ambiguous relationship between Yang and his sister, Mrs. Guo Guo (married to Pei), and the natural scenery of Qujiang in late spring. Huayang Fuping: In ancient times, there was a saying that Huayang became flat when it entered the water, and the biggest flat was flat. Peace is three things, but they are one. Therefore, insinuating that brothers and sisters are reluctant. According to historical records, "He Guo's rebellion against national loyalty is well known and shameful. Every time I entered the temple, I rode in the middle of the road, riding from the prison and the servant for more than a hundred times. The torch is as dense as day, and the makeup is full. I don't put obstacles, so people call it' male fox'. " Jade bird: an emissary in ancient myths and legends who can deliver messages to the Queen Mother of the West. Later generations called the lover's messenger the bluebird. Red scarf: a handkerchief used by women. "Fly to get the red scarf" is to send a message to my brother and sister.
13, Prime Minister: refers to Yang. In the 11th year of Tianbao (752), he was the right prime minister. Anger: angry.
14. Pronunciation of the word: luán
Two for road backgrounds:
Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty favored Yang Guifei, appointed her younger brother Yang as prime minister, and handed over all state affairs to him. Yang's brothers and sisters live a luxurious life. Du Fu, a poet, was extremely dissatisfied with Yang's brother and sister, and wrote "Two Ways" to satirize their debauchery: "Only power can burn people's fingers like fire, so beware of the prime minister and his brow."
Two solutions for roads:
Two for Taoism is a seven-character Yuefu poem "Old Bottle and New Wine", the title of which has been recorded in Liu Xiang's "Bielu" in Han Dynasty. However, because its content was aimed at the younger brother and sister Yang, the prime minister at that time, and there was no need to compare the ancient Yuefu to the present, Yuan Zhen in the middle Tang Dynasty called it the "new Yuefu", which is an exception in Du Fu's new Yuefu today. This poem was written in the 12th year of Tianbao (753). The year before last, official Yang paid a visit to Right Prime Minister and Minister of Culture and Education, and turned his back on the imperial court.
Two for road center effects:
It describes the scene of Yang's brother and sister giving a banquet in Chang 'an in the Southern Song Dynasty, in a warm spring season in bloom. It satirizes their arrogance and lewdness, and also reflects the fatuity and corruption of current politics in Tang Xuanzong from the side.
Two kinds of appreciation of the road:
By describing the scene of Yang's brother and sister's spring outing in Qujiang, the whole poem reveals the ugly behavior of the ruler's corruption and arrogance, and reflects the social reality on the eve of the Anshi Rebellion from one angle. This poem is divided into three parts. First of all, it describes the beauty of a lady's figure and the splendor of her dress, which leads to the charming beauty of the heroine, Sister Yang. Write down the luxury of the feast and the luck you get. Finally, write Yang's arrogance. The whole poem is grand in scene, distinctive and rich in style, delicate and vivid, and implicit and meaningful at the same time. There are no broken sentences in the poem, but it can let the characters express the meaning.
The language is extremely elegant, and the beauty of Furama contains the spirit of being honest and clean. Although there is no ironic language, there are sharp daggers and sarcasm in vivid descriptions.
This poem was written in the 12th year of Tianbao (753), shortly after Yang became the right phase. These poems strongly criticized the arrogance and extravagance of Yang's brothers and sisters, and also revealed the social reality that the king was fatuous and the court was corrupt at that time. The beginning of the poem points out the time-March 3. With exquisite brushwork and rich lyrics, the poet described a group of beautiful women with graceful posture and beautiful appearance. Then it went on to say that its gorgeous costumes and exquisite headdresses all show the noble status of beauty. Ten sentences, such as "some are royalty", describe the three wives of Guo, Qin and Han with exquisite brushwork. According to Biography of Yang Guifei in Old Tang Dynasty, Yang Guifei's eldest sister was named Mrs. Han, her third sister was named Mrs. Guo and her eighth sister was named Mrs. Qin. Every time they go out to play, their family is a team, and the maids wear uniform clothes and look like clouds from a distance; Cars and horses are enough to block the road, and the scene is spectacular. The poet described in detail the luxurious scene of the feast of three ladies. They held a banquet in the cloud account. "The red hump was brought by the jade broiler, and the fragrant fish was counted by the crystal." They used colorful copper pots and crystal plates to hold food, writing about the luxury and luxury of the life of the Yang sisters. However, in the face of such a rare delicacy, the three ladies were holding chopsticks made of rhinoceros horn in their hands, and they were slow to pick up the dishes, because they had long been tired of eating these things, which showed their arrogance. Pity those chefs who are meticulous about the knife. This is a waste of time. After seeing this situation, the eunuch in the imperial palace immediately rode back to the palace to report, and in a short time, all kinds of delicious food from the chef of the son of heaven came in an endless stream. These six sentences mainly focus on Yang's strong and arrogant attitude. He got off his horse at Xuanmen like no one's watching, and swaggered into the carpeted tent to see Mrs. Guo. He relied on the respect of the right phase outside and the love of the imperial concubine inside to monopolize the power in the DPRK and block the way of speaking, making the affairs of state very dark. In the sentence of "A flying willow in the snow-the duckweed is covered with cotton, and the bluebird finds its way with a scarf", the poet skillfully uses the story of the treacherous court official of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the allusions in The Story of the Jade Bird to expose the shameless behavior of Yang and Mrs. Guo. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Hu Taihou bullied Huayang into having an affair with himself, and Huayang was afraid of getting into trouble. Later, he surrendered to the Liang Dynasty. Hu Taihou wrote the word "Yang Baihua" to express his thoughts. The word "bluebird" first appeared in Shan Hai Jing, which is a mythical bird and is said to be the messenger of the Queen Mother of the West. It is said that the Queen Mother of the West saw the bluebird flying in front of the temple for the first time before meeting the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Later, the "Jade Bird" was regarded as a messenger between men and women. In this poem, it refers to the person who delivers the message for Yang.
In the last two sentences of the poem, the poet finally points out the theme, but still does not discuss it directly, but gently persuades others: don't go near them, or the prime minister will be very angry. This ending can be said to hit the nail on the head, seemingly subtle, but in fact sharp, ironic, humorous and spicy.
About the author:
Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty. He is a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty, and he is also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du. Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu was born in a family of "serving Confucianism and guarding officials" for generations, with profound family knowledge. The early works mainly show the ideal, ambition and expected life path. On the other hand, it also shows his political ideal of "obeying your will and then making the vulgar pure". Many works in this period reflected the hardships of people's livelihood at that time, exposed the ugly behavior of rulers, and then embarked on a life and creative road of worrying about the country and the people. With the increasingly corrupt politics in the later period of Tang Xuanzong, his life became increasingly impoverished and disappointed. During his wandering life, Du Fu created such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about his life and managed state affairs. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu.
Appreciation of the translation of Du Fu's ancient poems is divided into two parts. On March 3rd, spring was full, and beautiful women gathered in Qujiang, Chang 'an.
Dignified posture, lofty expression, quiet and natural, plump skin, clear fat and thin, well-proportioned figure.
Ling Hua's silk dress sets off the late spring scenery. Peacocks are embroidered with gold thread, and Kirin is stabbed with silver thread.
What jewelry are you wearing on your head? Ornaments made of jadeite are hung on the temples.
What can you see behind them? How to stabilize and fit jewelry skirt waist.
Several of them are relatives of empresses, including two wives, Guo Guo and Guo Qin.
The emerald steamer brings out the fragrant purple hump, and the crystal plate brings the fat white fish fresh.
They held rhinoceros horn chopsticks for a long time, and the chefs were busy sharpening their knives.
Eunuchs galloped without daring to raise dust, and the seafood dishes brought by the chef were endless.
The flute and drums are lingering, touching ghosts and gods, full of guests and dignitaries.
How arrogant an officer riding a horse was, he dismounted in front of the car and walked into the tent door from the embroidered carpet.
Snow-like poplars fell and covered with duckweeds, and bluebirds flew to pick up red silk handkerchiefs on the ground.
The Yang family is powerful and unparalleled. Don't go near, lest you make the Prime Minister angry!
To annotate ...
March 3rd: It was the last day, and more men and women from Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty visited Qujiang in the south of the city.
Strong state: rich posture. Far-reaching: sublime. Shu and Zhen: Shu is beautiful without affectation.
Fine texture: the skin is tender and smooth. Uniform flesh and blood: a symmetrical figure.
"Embroidering Luo" two sentences: The gorgeous clothes of peacock Kirin embroidered with gold and silver thread set off the beautiful scenery in late spring.
Cuiwei: A thin piece of jade. Micro: One is "Wei". Ye Yi: A kind of jewelry. Sideburns and lips: sideburns.
Pearl pressure: refers to the pressure of beads on it to prevent the wind from blowing, so the cloud "weighs itself firmly" Waist: crony.
Right: Among them. Cloud curtain: refers to the cloud curtain in the palace. Pepper room: the queen's bedroom in Han Dynasty, with walls painted with pepper and mud. Later generations called the Queen Pepper House, and all members of the Queen's family were relatives of Pepper House.
"Giving Name" sentence: It means that Yang Guifei was given the title of Mrs. Koryo in the seventh year of Tianbao in Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (748). The third sister was Mrs. Guo and the eighth sister was Mrs. Qin.
The hump, the peak of the purple camel, is a precious food. There is "hump roast" in the food of Tang nobles. Kettle: An ancient kettle. Guo Cui described the color of the jar.
Water essence: crystal. Line: transmission. Flat scale: refers to white scale fish.
Rhinoceros horn: Chopsticks made of rhinoceros horn. Tired of eating.
Luan Dao: A Dao with a Luan bell. Slice: Cut it very finely. Kong Fenlun: The chefs are busy in vain. Your people can't eat.
Yellow Gate: Eunuch. Flying, that is, flying horse.
Bazhen: Describe how many rare and wonderful foods there are.
Guest follower: Guest follower. Miscellaneous: A lot of clutter. Jin Yao: This refers to an important ferry, and this refers to the home of Yang's brother and sister. The so-called "Guo Qianmen hodgepodge".
Later pommel horse: it refers to Yang, but it is intentionally not stated here. Wandering around: originally meant to go in, here refers to looking around and being complacent.
The sentence "Huayang" is a code word, implying the ambiguous relationship between Yang and his sister, Mrs. Guo (married to Pei), and also quoting the ambiguous relationship between Yang Baihua and the Northern Wei Dynasty, because the Queen Mother once wrote the poem "Wandering south" and "Trying to get into the nest". There is a saying in later generations that "Huayang turns into duckweed when it enters the water", and the largest duckweed is apple. Peace is three things, but they are one. According to historical records, "He Guo's rebellion against national loyalty is well known and shameful. Every time I enter the temple and drive in the middle of the road, I have to ride from the prison and servants for more than a hundred times. The torch is as dense as day, and the makeup is full and unobstructed. People are called male foxes. "
Jade bird: the mythical bird name, the messenger of the Queen Mother of the West. It is said that when the Queen Mother of the West meets the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the bluebird will fly in front of the temple (see Hanwu Story). Later it was often used as a messenger between men and women.