(2) cholagogic effect. Injecting rhubarb decoction into the duodenum of anesthetized dogs can increase bile secretion and reduce the tension of Oddi sphincter. The secretion of bile and pancreatic juice increased and the activity of pancreatic amylase decreased within 30 minutes after rhubarb decoction or hydroalcoholic extract was given to the duodenum of anesthetized rats. Rhubarb can not only promote bile secretion, but also increase the content of bilirubin and bile acid. When people take rhubarb decoction 15g, the gallbladder is obviously enlarged (measured by B-ultrasound). It is consistent with the results of animal experiments.

(3) protecting the liver. Rhubarb has obvious protective effect on experimental liver injury. Carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in mice, and the SGPT increased as high as 665438 06.0 U/65438 000 mL, while the normal control group was 289 u/65438±000ml mL. After rhubarb treatment, SGPT decreased to 325.3U/ 100ml, and the degree of hepatocyte necrosis and degeneration was lighter than that of the control group. Further study found that rhubarb could significantly reverse the fatty infiltration and fibrosis of liver tissue caused by carbon tetrachloride, the swelling of microsomes, the obvious decrease of cristae and the destruction of ribosomes by rough endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, it can also restore the decrease of monoamine oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase activities caused by carbon tetrachloride. It shows that rhubarb has preventive and therapeutic effects on liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride. In vitro experiments showed that rhubarb decoction had obvious inhibitory effect on hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg), and the effect was weakened or disappeared after tannin removal. At the same time, it is also proved that rhein and emodin have no inhibitory effect on HBsAg.

(4) Anti-gastric and duodenal ulcer. Two experimental gastric ulcer models, stress and pyloric ligation, were used in rats. It is observed that raw rhubarb, rhubarb stewed with wine and rhubarb charcoal have preventive and therapeutic effects on stress gastric ulcer bleeding. It can obviously reduce the bleeding area and the number of bleeding foci, and the effect is similar to that of cimetidine. Taking rhubarb powder suspension in rats with pyloric ligation gastric ulcer can reduce the ulcer area, gastric juice volume, gastric juice free acid and pepsin activity, but rhubarb stew with wine has no such effect. The model experiment of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury showed that rhubarb decoction 1g/kg, 0.5g/kg and 0.25g/kg had obvious protective effects on gastric mucosa, and also increased the content of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gastric wall, thus preventing ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury.

(5) Effect on intestinal smooth muscle. Electrophysiological studies show that rhubarb has obvious excitatory effect on colonic electrical activity, which is characterized by cluster discharge, and the peak frequency, amplitude and contraction activity are obviously increased. Atropine can block the exciting effect of rhubarb on colon. Prevent the colon from absorbing water, accelerate the discharge of dissolved substances in the colon, and play its purgative role. It is suggested that the purgative effect of rhubarb is exerted through intestinal M receptor.

Effects on pathogenic microorganisms.

(1) antibacterial. Rhubarb has a broad antibacterial spectrum. Sensitive bacteria are staphylococcus (white, lemon and golden yellow), hemolytic streptococcus (type A and type B), Mycobacterium phlei, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli, Mycobacterium hominis, diplococcus gonorrhoeae, Echinococcus and Bacillus anthracis, especially staphylococcus and diplococcus gonorrhoeae. Among the antibacterial active ingredients, rhein, emodin and aloe-emodin have the strongest antibacterial effects. Rhubarb can inhibit Bacteroides fragilis, a kind of intestinal anaerobic bacteria, which can decompose complex bile acids into free bile acids, enhance the stimulation to mucosa, and lead to cholecystitis. The mechanism of antibacterial action is mainly to inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell nucleic acid and egg white and sugar metabolism.

(2) antifungal. Rhubarb decoction and its water, alcohol and ether extracts have inhibitory effects on some pathogenic fungi in vitro. It is highly sensitive to Xu Lan broad bean and Mongolian varieties, Trichophyton concentric, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton purpurea, Microsporum ferruginosum, Trichophyton megasporum, Trichophyton floccosum and Trichophyton interphalangeal. Dilute alcohol extract is more effective than water or ether extract.

(3) antivirus. Rhubarb decoction has a strong inhibitory effect on influenza virus. The minimum effective dose was determined to be 5mg embryo by chicken embryo semi-in-vivo screening method. In addition, it also has a certain inhibitory effect on Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas hominis and Trichomonas vaginalis.

Antitumor effect.

Intraperitoneal injection of rhein and emodin has a strong inhibitory effect on melanoma in mice, rhein also has an inhibitory effect on Ehrlich ascites cancer, but it has no obvious effect on sarcoma S 180 and subcutaneous Ehrlich cancer, and emodin also has an inhibitory effect on breast cancer, and its mechanism is mainly to inhibit oxidative dehydrogenation of cancer cells. Rhein can also inhibit the glycolysis of cancer cells.

Anti-inflammatory effect.

Rhubarb has obvious inhibitory effect on experimental inflammation in many animals. Oral rhubarb decoction in mice can significantly inhibit acute exudative inflammation of mouse auricle caused by croton oil. At the same time, it can inhibit formaldehyde-induced paw swelling in rats and cotton ball granuloma proliferation in mice and rats. However, the effect of braised rhubarb and rhubarb charcoal is weak, which may be due to the loss of effective components and the destruction of effective components by braised rhubarb charcoal. The anti-inflammatory effect of rhubarb may be to block cyclooxygenase pathway in arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, increase the production of hydroxyarachidonic acid and activate lipase pathway to achieve anti-inflammatory effect. Experimental research shows that the anti-inflammatory effect of rhubarb is not through pituitary-adrenal system, because adrenalectomy does not affect its anti-inflammatory effect, on the contrary, it does not reduce the content of ascorbic acid in adrenal gland, and rhubarb decoction can not prolong the survival time of underage rats after adrenalectomy and prevent compensatory hypertrophy of contralateral adrenal gland after adrenalectomy. Therefore, rhubarb has no adrenocortical hormone-like effect.

Effect on microcirculation.

After the ethanol extract of rhubarb was given to mice, it had no obvious effect on auricular microcirculation (artery and vein diameter), but it could slow down blood flow and appear granular red fine cell aggregates, especially in venules. Local drip can not change the mesenteric microvascular contraction caused by adrenaline, and has no obvious expansion of gastric arterioles and venules, but has obvious particle flow, especially venules. The effects of rhubarb on microcirculation are mainly slow blood flow, red blood cell aggregation, local blood viscosity increase and local blood vessels do not dilate, so the local hemostasis process is strengthened.

Hemostatic effect.

Rhubarb has been used for hemostasis for a long time, especially in recent years. Various animal experiments have proved that rhubarb can obviously shorten the bleeding and coagulation time, and its hemostatic effective components are chrysophanol, emodin methyl ether, α -catechuic acid and gallic acid. They reduce vascular permeability, improve brittleness, excite local blood vessels in gastrointestinal tract, inhibit pepsin activity, significantly increase fibrinogen activity, decrease anticoagulant factor III activity, increase α2 macroglobulin content, and competitively inhibit plasmin and plasminogen activator activity. Gallic acid can also reduce fibrinolytic activity. In addition, it can also increase the adhesion and aggregation ability of platelets and obviously shorten the bleeding and coagulation time.

Hypolipidemic effect.

For experimental hypercholesterolemia, rhubarb alcohol or water extract can obviously reduce serum total cholesterol, but petroleum ether extract is ineffective.

Diuretic action.

After oral administration of emodin and rhein 30mg/kg for 2-4 hours, urine volume, sodium excretion and potassium excretion reached the peak, which was significantly higher than that of the control group. Aloe emodin and chrysophanol have weak effects. Cinnamon, rhein and aloe-emodin have strong competitive inhibitory effects on Na+ and K+-ATPase in renal medulla.

Effect on urea nitrogen.

Rats were fed with 0.75% glandular hum feed to establish chronic renal insufficiency model, and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline solution of duck yellow water extract could significantly reduce the amount of nitrogen and creatinine in hematuria, which indicated that rhubarb had a good effect on azotemia. On the one hand, rhubarb can reduce amino nitrogen absorbed by intestine, on the other hand, it can inhibit the decomposition of protein, thus reducing the contents of urea nitrogen and creatinine in blood. Acute toxic nephritis in guinea pigs was induced by subcutaneous injection of mercuric dichloride, and urea nitrogen could be reduced by irrigation with rhubarb water solution.

Medicinal value of rhubarb

Stagnant constipation. This product has a strong purgative effect, can clear the stomach, bring forth the old and bring forth the new, and is an important drug for treating constipation. Because it tastes bitter and cold, and is good at releasing heat, it is especially suitable for constipation caused by excess heat. It is often combined with Glauber's salt, Magnolia officinalis and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus to enhance purgation and accumulation. It is an emergency laxative, which is used to treat Yangming fu-organ syndrome, such as Dachengqi decoction (treatise on febrile diseases). If the dosage of rhubarb is light, and it is combined with hemp seed, almond, honey and other intestine-moistening drugs, the diarrhea will be alleviated, such as Maziren Pill in Treatise on Febrile Diseases. For patients with internal heat and qi deficiency, it should be used together with tonics to treat both the symptoms and root causes. If the heat is depressed and the qi and blood are insufficient, use ginseng, angelica and other drugs, such as Huang Longtang (six books on typhoid fever); For patients with stagnation of body fluid caused by heat, Ophiopogon japonicus, Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Scrophulariae, etc. It can be used as a decoction for increasing fluid and bearing qi (on febrile diseases); If spleen yang is insufficient and constipation is caused by cold accumulation, it should be combined with aconite and dried ginger, such as Wenpi Decoction (Qianjinfang).

Vomiting due to blood heat, red eyes and swollen throat. It tastes bitter, purges, can release the fire of inflammation, and has the functions of clearing away heat and purging fire, cooling blood and stopping bleeding. It is often used with Coptidis Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix to treat hematemesis, epistaxis and hemoptysis due to blood heat, such as Xiexin Decoction (Synopsis of Golden Chamber). In modern clinic, rhubarb powder alone is effective in treating upper gastrointestinal bleeding. If it is used together with herbs such as Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Gardenia, it can also treat red eyes, sore throat and swollen gums caused by fire pathogen, such as Geliang Powder (and the prescription of Heji Bureau).

Heat toxic ulcer, burn and scald. This product can be used for both internal and external use. Oral administration can clear away heat and toxic materials, and expel heat toxin by virtue of its purgative effect. For heat-toxic carbuncle, it is often combined with honeysuckle, dandelion and forsythia. For abdominal pain due to intestinal carbuncle, it can be combined with Cortex Moutan, Semen Persicae and Natrii Sulfas, such as Dahuang Peony Decoction (Synopsis of Golden Chamber). For external use, this product can purge fire and detoxify, cool blood and reduce swelling, and treat carbuncle and furuncle caused by heat toxin. If it is used to treat breast furuncle, it can be ground into powder and boiled into paste with wine (a good prescription for women); In order to treat aphtha erosion, dry alum is usually used to wipe the affected area (Sheng Huifang). For the treatment of burns and scalds, powder can be used alone, or mixed with Sanguisorba powder, and applied to the affected area with sesame oil.

Blood stasis syndrome. This product has good effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and dredging meridians, which can not only remove blood stasis, but also clear blood stasis and clear heat. It is a commonly used drug for treating blood stasis syndrome. For women with postpartum abdominal pain and lochia, it is often used with peach kernel and ground beetle, as follows: blood stasis decoction (synopsis of the golden chamber); For women with amenorrhea due to blood stasis, Taohe and Guizhi can be combined, such as Taohe Chengqi Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases); For traumatic injury, blood stasis, swelling and pain, it is often used with angelica, safflower and pangolin, such as Fuyuan Huoxue decoction (medical invention).

Damp-heat dysentery, jaundice, stranguria. This product has the function of inducing diarrhea, so it can be used to treat damp-heat accumulation. To treat dysentery with damp-heat accumulation in intestine, rhubarb alone can be effective (the pathogenesis of Su Wen is a bag of Ji Shou), or it can be used equally with Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix and Radix Paeoniae Alba; Damp-heat jaundice is often combined with Yinchen and Gardenia, such as Yinchen Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases); For damp-heat stranguria, Akebia stem, Plantago seed, Gardenia, etc. They are often combined, such as Bazheng Powder (a mixture).

In addition, rhubarb can also "break phlegm", dredge viscera, eliminate dampness and reduce turbidity. For the elderly with phlegm obstruction, dyspnea and constipation, such as Hushi Guntan Pill (the main theory of health preservation).

(1) compatibility and application

Use mirabilite, mirabilite salty cold, soft and firm, moisten dryness, laxative. The two must make use of each other and enhance their attack power. For example, "Herbal Chongyuan" is used together with mirabilite, so it is hot in the upper body, it regulates its stomach and drains it.

Plus Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, bitter cold, pungent and cool, two drugs, diarrhea and qi circulation, which complement each other. Diarrhea helps circulation of qi, and circulation of qi helps diarrhea. For example, in the Collection of Medical Prescriptions, it is said: "There is no way to remove excess heat with rhubarb."

When used together with Magnolia Officinalis, it is hard and warm, can promote qi circulation, relieve excess when suffering from diseases, and dispel dampness when warming. It is feasible to use it to relax the middle energizer and dredge the stomach, so that the middle energizer can relax the stomach and diarrhea can eliminate food accumulation.

Radix Aconiti Lateralis, Radix Aconiti Lateralis and Radix Aconiti Lateralis are used for warming and nourishing yang, rhubarb is used for purging, and radix Aconiti Lateralis is used for dispelling cold, which can warm and dispel cold and accumulate stagnation.

Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum cassia, beneficial to fire and yin, dispelling cold and relieving pain, warming and tonifying kidney and yang, the two drugs are combined, cold and heat are combined, and the nature is peaceful, supporting yang and relaxing bowels. For example, Experience in Western Medicine said: "The medicine for calming the liver is cinnamon, and the liver belongs to wood. Wood will dry up when it is cinnamon, but it will dissipate heat when it is used alone. The medicine for lowering stomach and stopping bleeding is rhubarb, which is neither retrograde nor retrograde. But if used alone, it will lose its coolness, and the two drugs are used together. The combination of cold and heat is natural and peaceful, lowering the stomach and calming the liver. "

The combination of the two drugs can prevent insect cold, break hard mass, relieve pain, break blood, and play the role of "opening and closing, activating the blood stasis". The combination of rhubarb and insecticide comes from rhubarb insecticidal pills in synopsis of the golden chamber.

Compatible with Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Rehmanniae is sweet in taste and cold in nature, and can clear and moisten the main body, cool blood and promote fluid production. The combination of the two drugs can treat vomiting caused by heartburn, rising of qi and fire and blood stasis. Can collect fire and reduce blood, can increase water and sail.

Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. are used to make up the coke and harmonize the medicinal properties of the drugs. The combination of the two drugs can foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. "Wang Yi Cang": "Rhubarb and licorice can be used together to facilitate urination."

With peony bark, peony bark tastes bitter, slightly cold, enters the blood, and has the functions of clearing heat and cooling blood, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Pairing with each other, doing it sincerely, reducing bitterness, complementing each other, has the effect of clearing away pathogenic fire and removing blood stasis.

Paired with peach kernel, peach kernel is bitter, sweet, flat and soft. It is a product that divides blood, and it is best at breaking blood and removing blood stasis, and it can also moisten dryness and smooth intestines. The two drugs are compatible, combining rigidity with softness. Rhubarb specializes in separating blood, breaking blood stasis, reducing blood stasis and clearing heat, and peach kernel gets rhubarb, specializing in separating qi, moistening intestines and moistening dryness, and dredging stagnation. It can be used for the treatment of postpartum lumbago, Taiyang Yangming blood stasis syndrome, dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea.

With red peony root, red peony root can enter the camp, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. The combination of the two. Paeonia lactiflora goes straight into the blood, breaking blood stasis, and Paeonia lactiflora gets rhubarb, which removes blood stasis and promotes vitality, while * * * plays the role of purging heat and removing blood stasis, harmonizing nutrition and relieving pain. For example, Shen Ming Du Ming Pill in Qian Jin Fang is mainly used to treat the symptoms of "chronic illness, constipation, chest tightness, abdominal distension and poor diet".

(2) prescription preparation

Dachengqi Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases): This product, Magnolia Officinalis, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Natrii Sulfate. Indications: Yin-light stagnation, abdominal distension and dryness.

Xiaochengqi Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases): This product is Magnolia Officinalis and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus. Indications: Yangming's accumulated heat is light. Those who are full of facts but not dry.

Tiaowei Chengqi Decoction (treatise on febrile diseases) is mainly used to treat Yangming's heat depression, dryness and fullness.

Dahuang Pill (Shengji Pill): This product, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Coptidis Rhizoma, Angelica sinensis, Poria, Radix Astragali, Rehmanniae Radix, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Bupleuri Radix and Gardenia Fructus. Treat fatigue, bone steaming, mental irritability, difficulty in defecation and limb pain.

Dahuang Gansui Decoction (synopsis of the golden chamber): this product, Gansui, Ejiao. Indications: Postpartum hydrocephalus, hematocele, full abdomen, slightly difficult urination, and no thirst.

Rhubarb angelica powder (Zhang Yitong): This product, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Carthamus tinctorius, Sappan, Angelica sinensis, Gardenia, Equisetum equisetum. Indications: swelling of eye cells, stagnation of blood stasis and gradual development of nebula.

Dahuang Mudan Decoction (Synopsis of the Golden Chamber): This product, peony bark, peach kernel, melon seeds and mirabilite are mainly used for patients with abscess and pus, abdominal distension and pain when pressing, such as stranguria, spontaneous urination, fever, spontaneous sweating, aversion to cold and delayed pulse.

Dahuang Fuzi decoction (synopsis of the golden chamber): this product, aconite, asarum. Indications: Cold accumulation with internal excess. Abdominal pain, constipation, hypochondriac pain, hand and foot syncope, etc.

Daxianxiong decoction (treatise on febrile diseases) rhubarb, mirabilite and kansui. The indication is thoracic syndrome. From the deep heart's core, at least the abdomen is hard and full, and the pain is not close, constipation is knotted, hot flashes are rare in daily breastfeeding, and shortness of breath is dry and annoying.

Dahuang Huanglian Xiexin Decoction (Treatise on Febrile Diseases): This product, Huanglian. Treating pathogenic heat and depression, heart distension, pressing it, its pulse will rise. And excessive heart fire, vomiting blood and epistaxis.

Dahuangjuchong Pill (synopsis of the golden chamber): this product, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, peach kernel, snake worm, white grub, peony, dried lacquer, leech and beetle. Indications: fatigue, abdominal distension, inability to eat or drink, internal bleeding, incorrect nails, and black eyes.

Dahuang Xiere Decoction (the secret recipe outside Taiwan): this product, Alisma orientalis, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Gardenia, Natrii Sulfas, Cinnamomum cassia, Jujube, Gypsum Fibrosum, and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata. Treat heart fatigue, sore mouth and tongue, full of pain in the heart, etc.

Dahuang saltpetre decoction (synopsis of the golden chamber): this product, phellodendron amurense, saltpetre and gardenia. Treating jaundice and diarrhea, it is inconvenient to be short and red, and the appearance is different.

Jinhuangsan (surgical essence) Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Curcuma Rhizome, Trichosanthis Radix, Cortex Phellodendri, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Cortex Magnolia Officinalis, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, Glycyrrhrizae Radix, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Rhizoma Arisaematis. Indications: external application of carbuncle, swelling and pain, excessive phlegm and dampness, erysipelas of lower limbs, pemphigus, mammary abscess, etc. Apply with green tea; Swelling headless, apply vinegar or onion wine; Several times a day, the right amount.

Qingning Pill (national Chinese patent medicine prescription set): this product, mung bean, plantain, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparata, black bean, Rhizoma Cyperi, Ramulus Mori, Fructus Sophorae, Cortex Magnolia Officinalis, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae and Scutellariae Radix. Indications: accumulation of heat in viscera, sore throat, sore mouth and tongue, red eyes and swelling, dizziness, tinnitus and constipation. Take 1 capsule every day; Twice a day. Each pill weighs 9 grams.

Dahuang compound

Treating typhoid and Yangming fu-organs syndrome, yang pathogen entering the interior, dry stool in the intestine, abdominal pain, delirium, hot flashes, sweating on hands and feet, aversion to cold and fullness and dryness can all be seen. Take this soup as follows: four ounces of rhubarb (washed with wine), half a catty of magnolia officinalis (roasted, peeled), and immature Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (roasted). Four flavors, a bucket of water, first boil two things, take two liters, get rid of me, take rhubarb, boil two liters, get rid of me, take mirabilite, boil it once or twice with low fire, then take it at different temperatures, and don't take the rest. ("Treatise on Febrile Diseases" Dachengqi Decoction)

Treatment of constipation: two taels of rhubarb and five cents of morning glory. San Qian will be fined at the end of each serve. If you have a cold and faint, use alcohol to adjust San Qian. If you don't have a cold and faint, and your hands and feet are hot, then mix honey soup and make a small profit after eating it. ("Su Wen Pathogenesis and Life-saving Collection" Dahuang Petunia Pill)

Treating Huang Zhi mania with fever: Sichuan rhubarb five grains (filed and slightly fried). Mash the radish into powder, and fry it with five liters of snow water in the twelfth lunar month. Take it with half a spoonful of cold water in several times. ("Sheng Huifang" Snowflake Soup)

For chronic diarrhea, purulent blood is thick, internal urgency is heavy, and day and night are excessive. Those who have not been cured for a long time: one or two rhubarb, fine file, two cups of good wine, soaking for half a day, and then frying for one and a half cups. After rhubarb is gone, the wine is divided into two parts and taken immediately, and the diarrhea stops. If you don't stop taking medicine once, take it again, take Shaoyao decoction to stop taking medicine, and then take Qin Huang decoction to stop taking medicine, so as to completely eliminate its toxicity. ("Su Wen Pathogenesis and Life-saving Collection" rhubarb decoction)

Treating women's menstrual blood obstruction, leukorrhagia, metrorrhagia, intestinal wind bleeding, stranguria, postpartum hemorrhage, abdominal pain, men's five-strain-seven injuries and children's bone steaming hot flashes, the effect is quick: one catty of rhubarb is divided into four parts; A child urinates in a bowl, and the salt is two yuan. Soak for a day before cutting. One is to soak in a bowl of alcohol for a day, cut it dry, and then fry 35 croton kernels together. The beans are yellow and useless; One is safflower 42, soaked in a bowl of water for a day and cut dry; One is angelica sinensis, and the other is a bowl of light vinegar. Soak it for a day and put it back in the sun to cut it. Finally, honey pills are big, 50 pills each time, and they are taken with hollow warm wine to eliminate evil. Take it before you get off the bus. (Wuji Pill, Medical Forest Collection)

Treat postpartum blood rush to the heart, or fetal membrane retention, abdominal blood clots and so on. One or two pieces of brocade rhubarb, pestle as the end, half a liter of vinegar at the head, and mixed into paste. The pills are as big as buttonwood, and five pills are warm and vinegar for a long time. It also treats internal injuries caused by falling horses. (Qian Jinfang)

Long-term suffering from abdominal distension, constipation, shortness of breath, abdominal distension and poor diet: rhubarb, peony. At the end of the second taste, honey pills, such as Wutongzi four pills, the third day, I don't know, you can add six or seven pills to know. ("Qian Jinfang" Shen Ming Life Pill)

Treatment of malnutrition and spleen deficiency in adults and children: three taels of brocade rhubarb, which is very fine powder, and two bowls of aged vinegar, are boiled into paste in a casserole with civil fire, poured on new bricks, exposed to the sun for three nights, and then stripped and ground into fine powder; Then grind one or two or three rhubarb powders mentioned in the previous paragraph into fine powder with one or two sulfur and one or two official powders. Children under ten can weigh half a dollar at a time. After eating, they should lie down and drink soup to adjust their clothes. This medicine should not be dull, cold, meat, fish, chicken or goose. After taking the medicine, take half-moon white rice soft porridge. If one dose doesn't heal, take it after half a month. (Yu Jinsan of Yesterday's Recipe)

Clear away damp-heat in five internal organs. Treatment of indigestion, chest pain, dizziness, dry mouth and constipation: rhubarb 10 kg, cut into small pieces, soaked in swill, covered with arborvitae leaves, steamed with rhubarb, dried in the sun, soaked in 10 kg good wine, and then evaporated. In addition, mulberry leaves, peach leaves, Sophora japonica leaves, barley, black beans and mung beans are used for frying and steaming. After each steaming, still use the leaves of Platycladus orientalis to dry, and then dry. After preparation, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Cortex Magnolia Officinalis, Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Rhizoma Cyperi and Herba Plantaginis are used. Each decoction is steamed as above, steamed and dried, and then mixed with 10 kg of good wine. Honey pills are as big as five pills, one or two yuan per dose, or they can be scattered. (Hai Yin Guide Qingning Pill)

Treat headache and high fever for a day or two: cinnamon, licorice, rhubarb and ephedra. Four flavors are served and screened. Patients take a bath with hot soup, take a square knife with warm water, sweat on the third day, or defecate conveniently. Ding Qiang people take a square-inch knife. (Qian Jin Fang is soluble in water)

Treatment of sudden hot pain in eyes and swelling of canthus: rhubarb (filing and frying), bitter orange (pulp removal and bran frying), peony, gardenia and scutellaria baicalensis (black heart removal). Five kinds of coarse sieve, five yuan each, a cup and a half of water fried to seven points. After eating, I'll lie down and eat. ("Sheng Ji Zong Lu" Dahuang Tang)

Treatment of hematemesis and bleeding due to heart deficiency: two rhubarb, one coptis root and one scutellaria root. Take three flavors, take three liters of water, boil one liter, and take it immediately. (Xiexin Decoction in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)

Treatment of asthenia and hematemesis: Rehmannia glutinosa juice is half a liter, and Sichuan rhubarb is one inch at the end. The second taste, warm rehmannia juice boiled, yellow (end) stirred, taken on an empty stomach, three times a day. (Qian Jinfang)

Treatment of intestinal carbuncle, less abdominal distension, pain when pressed, urine self-regulation, sometimes fever, spontaneous sweating, aversion to cold. If the pulse is late and tight, pus can be discharged when there is blood; For those with rapid pulse, pus has been discharged and cannot be discharged: four taels of rhubarb, one tael of peony, five peaches, half a liter of melon seeds and three mirabilite. Take five flavors, six liters of water, boil one liter, except me, take mirabilite, boil it again, and take it immediately. There is blood if there is pus, and there is blood if there is no pus. (Rhubarb Peony Soup in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber)

Treatment of lung arthralgia and nasal sore swelling and pain: rhubarb (raw) 1 serving, coptis chinensis (bearded) 1 serving, musk (finely ground) 1 serving. Apply the medicine, mash it into powder, grind musk evenly, swirl it with oil, and apply it to the nose. Almond 1 piece (soaked in soup, peeled, sharpened and ground into paste) and rhubarb 1 piece (raw as the end). Mix the ingredients evenly and apply pig fat to your nose. (Sheng Huifang)

Treatment of mammary abscess: Sichuan rhubarb and pink grass each one or two. The top is fine powder, which is boiled into a paste with good wine, poured into the lamp to cool, spread paper on the sore spot, and lay on his back until the fifth watch. Mix (take) a spoonful of warm wine before pasting, and get rid of evil tomorrow. Take medicine according to the degree of weakness, and it is not appropriate to take it. ("Women's Secret Recipe" gold powder)

Treatment of carbuncle vibration can not be touched: rhubarb screening, bitter wine swelling application, easy to dry, but three, that is, carbuncle and pus elimination. ("Fill the back of the elbow")

Treatment of aphtha erosion: rhubarb, dried alum, etc. Last wipe, spit. (Sheng Huifang)

Hu Huodan's whole body is red and swollen: rhubarb grinds water and brushes frequently. ("Emergency Recipe")

Treating frostbite with broken skin and unbearable pain: Sichuan Dahuang is the end, mixed with fresh water, and applied to frostbite. ("health treasure" is like a god)

Side effects of rhubarb

dosage

Oral administration: decoction (for diarrhea, not for a long time), 1-4 yuan; I still took the pills and dispersed them. External use: grind into powder and apply with water or vinegar.

pay attention to

Blood deficiency and qi deficiency, spleen and stomach deficiency and cold, no excess heat, blood stasis and blood stasis, and prenatal and postnatal symptoms are all used with caution.

Materia Medica Classic Collection: "Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi makes it."

"Theory of Medicinal Properties": "Avoid cold water. Dry paint is not good. "

"Materia Medica": "All blood stasis is due to blood dryness, not heat accumulation; Cold and heat are due to yin deficiency, not blood stasis; Anesthesia is because of spleen and stomach weakness, not because of qi stagnation; Constipation is due to blood deficiency and intestinal dryness, not to heat depression; Abdominal distension is due to spleen deficiency and qi deficiency, not diet stagnation; Less abdominal pain in women is due to deficiency of Jue Yin and deficiency of qi and blood, not amenorrhea and blood stasis. Vomiting epistaxis is caused by excessive fire due to yin deficiency, excessive inflammation, rash due to blood heat and overflow to the upper orifices, rather than excessive blood heat. The deviation is caused by kidney deficiency and dampness evil taking advantage of deficiency, not damp-heat excess evil; " The poison of breast carbuncle is due to the antagonism of the family's qi, which makes the stomach qi not obey and the meat turn against it, and it is not caused by the change of ointment and the heat of blood stasis. Therefore, it is forbidden to eat salty food, which will cause stomach gas injury and ear death. "

Materia Medica: "Qi deficiency, stomach cold and blood deficiency, pregnancy, postpartum, chronic illness, old people, rhubarb should not be used lightly."

Ben Feng Jingyuan: "Deficiency of kidney and qi, gangrene due to yin deficiency, impure whiteness and so on. , should not be misused. "

Rhubarb should be taken according to syndrome differentiation

In the medical cultural exchange between China and foreign countries, rhubarb also plays an indispensable role. On the hump of the Silk Road, there are both the crystal of porcelain and the fragrance of medicinal materials. Rhubarb was transported to West Asia and Europe through the transit of the ancient Persian Empire, and was included in the multinational pharmacopoeia. In 757 AD, monks from Jian Zhen went to Japan to spread China culture. Among the medicinal materials they brought were rare rhubarb. According to Zhao Yi's Miscellaneous Notes under the Roof, rhubarb from China was used as a medicinal material in Russia at that time, and the patient died. Later, there were several defaults. "Ordering rhubarb not to be exported, Russia dare not make trouble." Because rhubarb was rare for some time, people once regarded rhubarb as a fashion, and it was not uncommon to abuse rhubarb without differentiation of symptoms and signs, regardless of physical fitness or illness or death. Yao's Miscellaneous Notes on Bamboo Leaf Pavilion in the Qing Dynasty recorded that Zhu Ge studied under the doctor's Hanlin and cooked rhubarb juice into soup every day. Eat 16 Jin of rhubarb, and you can't afford diarrhea. A friend sighed for it: "Big Huang Qiang, Jiuquan should regret knowing the doctor." This is enough to warn future generations that even a good medicine, if not taken dialectically, will bring unexpected disasters to health and life, which is worth learning today.

Rhubarb distinguishes between true and false

Rhubarb, also known as General and Huang Liang, is the rhizome of Polygonaceae plant Rhubarb, Rhubarb Tangut or Medicinal Rhubarb. Every year from September to June, 65438+ 10, select plants that have grown for more than 3 years, dig roots, cut off stems and leaves, divide roots, scrape off rough skin and terminal buds, air-dry, dry in the sun or slice them, and take medicine. It is cold in nature and bitter in taste, and has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving depression and promoting blood circulation. Can be used for treating constipation due to excess heat, delirium, dyspepsia, dysentery, acute diarrhea, blood stasis amenorrhea, abdominal pain, sudden eye pain, hematemesis, epistaxis, yellow yang and edema.

There are many varieties of rhubarb, which can be roughly divided into two categories: Beidahuang and Nanhuang. Beidahuang is the dry rhizome of rhubarb and Xixia rhubarb, mainly Xining rhubarb and spring rhubarb. Nandahuang, also known as Sichuan Dahuang and horseshoe rhubarb, is the dried rhizome of medicinal rhubarb, both of which are included in the Pharmacopoeia. There are many counterfeits of rhubarb in the market, all belonging to the same family, such as Tibetan rhubarb, Hetao rhubarb, North China rhubarb, Tianshan rhubarb, Xinzhou rhubarb and Huang Tu rhubarb. These varieties are not in the Pharmacopoeia and cannot be used as rhubarb.

Authentic rhubarb:

The rhubarb in Xining is mostly processed into a cone or waist drum shape, commonly known as "eggs are auspicious"; Rhubarb is generally long, cut into segments, and the larger ones are often cut into pieces vertically; Nandahuang is mostly cut into sections, shaped like horseshoes. Rhubarb in Xining is the top grade of rhubarb, with a yellow-brown appearance and a rhombic net texture in white, commonly known as "brocade pattern" and sometimes a chrysanthemum-shaped spiral "star point"; Hard texture, yellow-brown cross-section, granular, commonly known as "sorghum residue", slightly oily, sometimes dark cambium and radial orange rays can be seen near the periphery, with purple-brown stars in the pulp, closely arranged in a ring, and yellow to brownish-red bending lines; It smells a special smell and tastes bitter and astringent. Rhubarb spring water and Rhubarb Nandahuang are loose in texture, lighter in internal color than Rhubarb Xining, less obvious in brocade, and the stars in the cross section are also arranged in a ring shape, and other characteristics are similar to Rhubarb Xining.

False rhubarb:

There are many varieties, with different shapes and surface colors. Rhubarb from Tibet and Hetao is cone-shaped with reddish-brown and yellowish-brown appearance. Rhubarb in North China, Rhubarb in Tianshan Mountain and Rhubarb in Heart Leaf are cylindrical, and their appearance is tan, brown or dark brown. The rhubarb in Xinzhou is mostly processed into oval blocks with a brown surface. Most cross sections have no genuine features, and most cross sections have no stars; Authentic rhubarb has no special smell, most of them are slightly angry, slightly bitter and some are slightly astringent.

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