Taoism: Taoist values of life: return to nature, avoid the world and protect yourself. Laozi put forward the viewpoint of "Taoism is natural". In the view of Laozi, the ancestor of Taoism, the operating rule of Tao is "nature", and "gaining Tao" means that things must be what they should be, and subjective will must never be mixed, which is "inaction"; Once you completely deny the drive and compulsion of any external will, things will fully realize their own nature in motion, which is "everything is in vain." In this way, we can realize Zhuangzi's so-called "useless to others, useless to gods, nameless to saints" ("Happy Travel in Zhuangzi") and achieve the realm of "carefree" and "unequaled"; Only in this way can we realize the realm of "heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me". In other words, following the basic laws of "Tao, law and sex" can not only fully realize one's own nature, but also completely free others or other things. Zhuangzi, the second Taoist figure, is a master of Taoist thought. Zhuangzi thinks that fame and fortune on earth are nothing but dirty things like dead mouse meat. Zhuangzi has a good friend named Hui Shi, who is the prime minister of Wei. One day, he heard that Zhuangzi had arrived in Wei, and he was afraid to grab a seat. He sent people all over the city looking for Zhuangzi. When Zhuangzi heard this, he took the initiative to see him and said, "There is a kind of bird in the south. Its name is Guigui. Do you know that?/You know what? The stork took off from the South China Sea and flew to the North Sea. It's not that the buttonwood tree is not alive, that the bamboo fruit is not eaten, and that the sweet spring water is not drunk. Then the owl picked up (a rotten mouse) and the carp flew in front of it. (Owl) looked up and said, "Drink!" The voice of anger. Now you want to scare me with your Guo Liang? "Visible Zhuangzi is a lofty person who is divorced from the secular. In Zhuangzi's philosophy, everything is the same, including life and death. Therefore, Zhuangzi regards death as a return to the origin of life, which is a good thing to celebrate. Zhuangzi's wife died, and Zhuangzi celebrated with gongs and drums. His friend Hui Shi accused him, while Zhuangzi said that she was lifeless, shapeless and lifeless at first, then turned into lifeless, shapeless and lifeless, and now she is lifeless again (dead), which is the same as the operation law of spring, summer, autumn and winter. She is lying quietly between heaven and earth now, and I am crying here. This is because I don't understand my destiny, and I don't know enough, so I stopped crying. Since fame and fortune in the world are like dirt, since life and death are the same, everything is meaningless in the present discourse, so Zhuangzi advocates uselessness. Zhuangzi said that a big tree, if it had grown well, would have been cut down. If you don't grow well, it's useless, but you can save your life. In this sense, the values of Taoism, especially Zhuangzi, are to conform to nature and protect one's own life.
Among Taoist philosophers, there is also a famous representative, Yang Zhu, who was once reviled by Mencius. Yang Zhu is an extremely selfish philosopher in China's philosophy. His philosophy is to pull out a Maori world by doing nothing. At the same time, he advocates that life is enjoyment. "Is life also ridiculous?" Xi enjoys it? For beauty, for sex appeal. "Contrary to the Confucian values of' Three Immortals', Yang Zhu believes that people are a pile of bones when they die, and it is meaningless to pursue immortality." Life is embarrassing, death is rotten, life is stubborn, death is rotten, and rotten bones are embarrassing. "So, in the values of Yang Zhu School, it is to save lives and enjoy life.
Confucian thought of life value. China culture is basically composed of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, among which Confucianism is the mainstream of China's philosophy. The founder of Confucianism is Confucius, whose core is "benevolence". The core of benevolence is to love others. In Confucius' view, benevolence is a different lover. He asked us to love others according to the distance of blood relationship, love parents first, and then love brothers and friends. In Confucianism, benevolence is not only the highest moral standard, but also the highest value standard of human beings, which is what Confucius said. So Confucius said, "People can preach, but not preach." The responsibility of living is to show and carry forward the road. Ceng Zi, a disciple of Confucius, clarified this point more clearly. He said: "A scholar has to strive for self-improvement and has a long way to go. Isn't it important to think that benevolence is your responsibility? Isn't it far after death? " Ancient taxis are equivalent to today's intellectuals. Ceng Zi endowed intellectuals with a heavy historical responsibility and mission, that is, to die for their country. This deeply influenced the intellectuals in China. Confucianism believes that wealth is nothing compared with Hongdao and Xingren. Confucius believed that "ill-gotten wealth is as expensive as floating clouds to me". Confucius looked down on those who thought that people lived not to satisfy their appetite, but to think about eating delicious food and drinking spicy food all day. "It is not enough to talk about ambitious people, but it is shameful to eat dirty clothes and food." Man's value is to fulfill the Tao. "Benevolent people are benevolent, there is no harm in saving, and there is benevolence in death." Confucius believes that when Hongdao conflicts with life, it is necessary to sacrifice life to fulfill "Tao". On the basis of this thought, Mencius put forward the idea of "sacrificing life for justice". He said: "Life is what I want; Righteousness is also what I want. You can't have both, and those who give up their lives are also righteous. " In other words, Confucian values emphasize not personal fame and fortune, but contribution to society. The so-called "cultivate one's morality, govern the country and level the world." Therefore, many Confucian thinkers are great patriots with strong thoughts of saving the world and the people. The deputy couplets written by Zhang Zai, a famous thinker in the Song Dynasty, are called the responsibility letters and declarations of ancient intellectuals: for heaven and earth, for the people, for the past and the future, and for the peace of generations. Gu, a great thinker, shouted out the strongest voice of the times when the world rises and falls and every man is responsible. Therefore, we can say that the Confucian values are that benevolent people love and serve the country.