First of all, the holistic thinking mode of generative theory helps people to form a sound ecological thinking. ?
The mode of thinking is the customary method, formula and specific tendency of a nation to examine, think, know and understand the world in which it lives, and it is the underlying structure of spiritual culture that affects the development of a nation. Compared with the thinking modes of constitutionalism, exogenous theory and mechanism theory, which led to the popularity of the dichotomy between subject and object in the era of western industrial civilization, the traditional thinking mode of the Chinese nation that can form the idea of harmony between man and nature is the holistic thinking mode of existentialism, internal cause theory and organic theory. In Taoism, this holistic thinking mode is the form of "Tao gives birth to all things", while in Confucianism, it is the form of "Tai Chi gives birth to all things", and its * * * same feature is that everything in the universe is regarded as the same origin. Because everything does not come from the external source like God, but from the natural source in the process of the formation of the universe, they have the internal evolutionary power and integration power from the same source, and they are interrelated, just like the members of the same family come from the same ancestor. According to this way of thinking, we can promote people to understand the evolution process of the universe from inorganic to organic, from organic to life, from life to human from the process orientation, so as to grasp the unity of all things and human beings, and affirm that human beings are animals and creatures, and also have the characteristics of the earth and the universe. ?
At the same time, this way of thinking can also promote people to understand the complex relationship between human and non-human life on the Internet of Life. Because everything is induced and coordinated with each other for the same origin and spontaneous reasons, and naturally forms a dynamic and balanced harmonious whole, rather than a mechanical order. As a life, human beings are interdependent with everything, and people can't live independently without everything in the world. Human beings are not only related to all non-human life species, but also to all life and its inorganic environment. This connection is a dynamic network connection. Different things are knots in this network, and various threads of life are woven into this network of life, and human beings are just one of them. Not only flowers, trees, birds, animals, insects and fish are part of the web of life, but also the environment where life exists, such as oceans, rivers, soil and air, and it is also part of the web of life. China's ecological culture tradition is based on people's direct life experience. Through the understanding experience of the fluctuating natural rhythm and the organic order of the same organism, he grasped the organic connection between human survival and nature, and deeply realized that only by maintaining the long-term harmonious relationship between human survival and nature can human beings achieve lasting and healthy survival. This kind of ecological wisdom is still a precious survival magic weapon for modern people. ?
Second, the ecological ethics that respects the value of life is conducive to the perfection of contemporary ecological ethics. In China's eco-cultural tradition, the overall evolution of nature is not only regarded as an eternal life creation process, but also a life value creation process. All life comes from the same source, just like different members of the same big family, so people should respect all life, care for everything in the world, and treat all non-human life and its living environment ethically. This ecological morality is not only a grasp of cognitive rationality, but also an emotional experience of caring for life. Confucius regarded people's moral attitude as a natural expression of adults' inner feelings, and even thought that animals also had moral feelings similar to people, which could trigger people's conscience. He said: "I also heard it in the mountains. If you kill the dead, the unicorn won't reach the suburbs. When fishing is exhausted, the dragon, yin and yang are incompatible, and when the nest is covered and the eggs are destroyed, the phoenix will not fly. What is this? A gentleman dare not hurt his kind. Husband, birds and beasts still don't know injustice, but the situation is hilly! " ("Historical Records Confucius Family") Xunzi also thinks: "Anyone born between heaven and earth must know the genus of the same flesh and blood, and those who know it must love it. Today, big birds and wild animals lost their horses. If the moon exceeds the time limit, they will violate it. If they cross their hometown, they will wander, sing and wander, and then they can go. The smallest is a sparrow, and then you can go there. " (On Xun Gigi Lai) Birds, animals and insects, like human beings, sympathize with the same kind of Confucian moral psychology, which has a far-reaching influence on the behavior of caring for animals in ancient China. "Persuade you not to shoot birds, and wait for your mother to return to her nest" is a touching voice for people to protect animals. It projects the sympathy and care of human nature for animals, and emphasizes the integrated synaesthesia between human and animals in life and the emotional relationship in the living world. Although this experience of "feeling because of things" is exaggerated in human empathy and grasp of biological emotional psychology, the observation of mutual sympathy of animals with blood and perception ability and its connection with human concern for human nature have given human beings a strong emotional motivation to respect and protect biological survival and provided "reasonable" support for ecological ethics that science cannot give, which is very lacking in contemporary ecological ethics. Human's love and care for living things and ecological conscience are not entirely due to the scientific understanding of the relationship between man and nature, but more importantly, the need for emotional closeness. The nature understood by scientific knowledge is very incomplete. Only by experiencing, understanding and loving nature sensibly can human beings truly respect and care for life, and can they sincerely produce the ecological care of "all things are one" and "people and things live together". Only in this way can we be grateful to the nature that breeds human life, and can we really establish ecological ethics to protect the homes of all life on the earth, instead of just staying in the narrow realm of ecological ethics to protect the living environment of human beings. ?
Third, the harmonious living environment between man and nature has a powerful role in promoting people's attitude towards ecological survival, changing the bad habits of materialism and promoting people's pursuit of healthy and civilized spiritual life. Harmony between man and nature is a fundamental theme in China's ecological cultural tradition, and it is also the guiding ideology of coordinating the relationship between man and nature advocated by Confucianism and Taoism in the mainstream culture of China, and it is also a supreme life realm that people yearn for in the era of agricultural civilization. [4] It is a value ideal to maintain the global ecological environment purposefully for human survival, and even scientific ecology lacks the rationality of this cultural value. As rolston said, "Although traditional culture has no scientific ecology, it often has the logic of ecology: habitat in the sense of etymology. They have a global outlook, according to which they live purposefully in a purposeful world. It is hard to say that science has provided us with a global vision so far, in which we find that we really live in our own habitat. " [5] The logic of habitat is a simple and intuitive experience of human ecology. It can experience the interaction and interdependence of all life in the perceptual survival activities of human materials, consciously abide by people's long-established habits of protecting the natural ecological environment, and rationally utilize and save natural resources. It requires people to control the material consumption desire of luxury life in addition to meeting the basic material needs, live a simple living with "less selfish desires" and "contentment", and devote more time and energy to rich social life and lofty spiritual life. By critically inheriting the value concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, we can change the concept that contemporary people regard themselves as "economic man" and consumption animals, change the morbid attitude that people can only realize their life value through the comparison of material consumption, regard human material life as an integral part of the earth's ecological process, and regard maintaining their low-consumption material life as an ecological obligation to restore the earth's ecological environment. At the same time, the life realm of harmony between man and nature can also make people deeply realize that it is the greatest loss in life and the complete loss of meaning to spend one's life energy and time hunting luxury consumer goods and seeking sensory stimulation. People's meaningful lives can be enriched and improved by pursuing spiritual values. Whether it is scientific exploration, artistic creation, moral perfection, or the development of human talent and potential, we can open a broad, wonderful, lofty, profound and magical spiritual world for ourselves. Moreover, the pursuit of harmony between man and nature can not only adjust the balance between man's material life and spiritual life, but also prevent man from indulging in material pleasures unilaterally, and can inspire people to choose and create their lives independently, experience and appreciate their love for their fellow human beings and care for all life, and realize the pleasant feeling of the integration of man and nature. Therefore, by understanding the thought and realm of harmonious coexistence between man and nature in China's ecological culture, we can deepen each member's understanding of the value of life, enrich their own experience of the meaning of life, promote people to form the necessary attitude of ecological survival in today's increasingly global ecological crisis, rebuild a healthy, civilized and environmentally friendly lifestyle, and provide an inexhaustible historical source for the wisdom, morality and spiritual atmosphere needed for building an ecological civilization.
Fourthly, the practical experience of agricultural ecology in coordinating the relationship between man and nature can promote people to form good behavior habits of consciously maintaining the ecological environment. China's ecological and cultural tradition has gradually developed and matured in the ten thousand years' ecological practice of agricultural civilization. As early as the ancient times of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, our ancestors had a tradition of protecting the environment and regulating people's production and life behavior. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor taught people to "plant hundreds of valleys, flowers, birds, animals, insects and moths, waves of the sun, moon and stars, earth and stone treasures, thrift, water, fire and property" ("Records of the Five Emperors"). Yizhoushu contains a ban in the Xia Dynasty: "The ban of danger, the mountain does not climb the axe in March, and the long is the vegetation; In the summer of March, Kawasawa is not a net, so that he can grow into a fish and a turtle. "There was a strict ecological protection regulation in the Zhou Dynasty called" respecting the law ":"Don't fill wells, don't cut down trees, and don't move six animals. It is better to make the person die. "The Zhou Dynasty also established the earliest environmental protection and management institutions in the world, and set up Shan Yu (in charge of forest), Zeyu (in charge of lake ze), Lin Heng (in charge of forest), Chuanheng (in charge of Sichuan ze) and other institutions, which well protected the animal and plant resources at that time. On the basis of comprehensively inheriting predecessors' experience, Xunzi put forward a plan for sustainable utilization of resources and environmental protection, which is called "the holy king system": "The holy king system means that when the vegetation is lush, the axe will not enter the mountain and grow; When giant salamander, fish turtle and loach are pregnant, the poison is gone, and it lasts forever. ..... At this time, it is forbidden to pollute ponds, deep marshes, rivers and rivers, so more fish and turtles are superior and more people are useful; It's time to cut down and grow, so mountains are not children, and people have more material. " (Xunzhi) Xunzi's Saint-king system has brought the protection of ecological environment, the sustainable utilization of biological resources and the implementation of sustainable development into the practical requirements of the king's political system, and later generations have gained some gains in the system and regulations of ecological environment protection. Although the huge survival pressure brought by population growth has aggravated the destruction of local ecological environment in a certain period of time, this long-term ecological practice of coordinating the relationship between man and nature has largely alleviated the full-scale outbreak of ecological crisis and ensured the ecological premise of the long-term continuation of agricultural civilization in China. Today, we learn from the historical experience in the ecological practice of agricultural civilization in China, so that under the influence of this long tradition, we can develop good behavior habits of consciously protecting the ecological environment and the literacy of consciously observing ecological laws and regulations, which can improve the ability of the broad masses of people to build ecological civilization and carry forward the great practical tradition of protecting the ecological environment under the new situation. Especially for leading cadres at all levels, these valuable experiences of ecological practice can be used as an important reference for improving the ability of ecological protection and environmental governance in decision-making, inspiring and driving them to make more pragmatic and efficient achievements in leading the people to build ecological civilization. History is the mirror of human development. To study ecological culture, we need to make an ecological perspective on the whole history of human civilization and human society, analyze the existing cultural diversity, and sum up the experience of coordinated development between human beings and the environment from the lessons, so that human society can develop continuously while protecting the biodiversity of biosphere and the home of the earth.
Some scholars in China put forward the idea of establishing a new human civilization-a green civilization in harmony with nature, and called agricultural civilization "yellow civilization", while the industrial revolution since18th century and the environmental crisis that followed it were called "black civilization". Because both agricultural civilization and industrial civilization mean that human beings exchange economic and social development at the expense of the environment to a certain extent, and the price paid by this development is heavy. In nature, no matter how human beings promote their own civilization, they cannot get rid of the dependence of civilization on nature and the bondage of nature to civilization. The decline of the natural environment will eventually be the decline of human civilization. Nowadays, "sustainable development" has become the strongest voice in the world, and a wave of green environmental protection is sweeping the world. This wave is impacting the mode of production, lifestyle and thinking of human beings, which indicates that an "ecological and cultural revolution" in human history is coming soon. This revolution is the inevitable product of historical development. Through it, human beings will re-examine their behavior, abandon the "yellow civilization" and "black civilization" at the expense of the environment, abandon the concept of black GDP with simple economic growth, and actively advocate green GDP and circular economy with ecological value. Establish a green civilization in harmony with nature. Creating ecological civilization is a cause related to the fate of the relationship between man and nature, and it is also a cause related to the continuation of human civilization. The ultimate success of this undertaking depends fundamentally on the subjective conditions as the founder of ecological civilization, on the quality and ability of each member of society to build ecological civilization, and on the long-term unremitting efforts of several generations. In order to be competent for this arduous historical task, we must seriously explore how to improve the ecological and cultural education of the whole people as effectively as possible. In view of the extreme complexity of this problem, interdisciplinary comprehensive research from different disciplines is needed. The author can only put forward some views on the direction of improving the ecological and cultural education of the whole people. ?
To improve the national ecological culture education, we should take the ecological culture needed for the construction of ecological civilization as the direction of efforts. It combines the goal of ecological civilization construction with China's national conditions, especially with China's ecological and cultural traditions, absorbs the knowledge of contemporary natural science and humanities and social sciences, and develops contemporary ecological culture. Although ecological civilization is a new form of civilization pursued by all countries and nations in the future, it is not a work accurately copied according to a certain standard model, and can only be realized by different countries and nations in their own unique ways. Western developed capitalist countries, such as Europe and the United States, although the ecological crisis first appeared, and the excessive development of their industrial civilization caused the global ecological crisis, they did not propose to fundamentally solve the ecological crisis problem by means of ecological civilization, but based on the cultural tradition of advocating scientific and technological rationality, they tried to improve the production mode of industrial civilization through ecological modernization to solve their own ecological environment problems. Although ecological modernization has played a certain role in the environmental restoration of European and American countries, it is mainly achieved by acquiring a large number of resources from developing countries, transferring polluting industries that China cannot produce to developing countries, and exporting a large number of toxic wastes to developing countries at the expense of environmental deterioration in developing countries and even the whole world. However, China's national conditions are a large population, a shortage of resources, a high pressure on the ecological environment and a low level of industrial civilization, which fully reflects the main difficulties in the economic development of most developing countries, and there is no condition to copy the western model for solving ecological problems. At the same time, China is a big developing country with a long tradition of ecological culture, which makes our ecological civilization construction have a solid foundation. By sublating the world outlook and values of industrial civilization, absorbing its reasonable factors, and actively utilizing the achievements of modern scientific knowledge, we can establish the ecological culture needed by ecological civilization on this basis, improve the ecological culture education of the whole people, and promote the formation of the ecological civilization model with China characteristics, which will also have a positive impact on the ecological civilization construction of most developing countries. On the other hand, if we abandon our profound ecological and cultural traditions and hope to imitate the post-modern ecological culture with weak foundation produced by western rational cultural traditions, and take this as the direction of education and cultivation of people's ecological and cultural literacy, it will be counterproductive and eventually fail due to the loss of cultural genes and social soil.
Improving the national ecological culture education should run through the whole process of ecological culture education. The author believes that the purpose of eco-cultural education is to cultivate people with profound eco-cultural education, which requires establishing the value ideal of eco-cultural education as the fundamental purpose of this education. Academic circles at home and abroad pay more attention to ecological education and environmental education, and only emphasize the lack of minimum ecological knowledge and people's environmental knowledge about the earth where they are in serious ecological crisis. It seems that as long as people have this knowledge, of course, it can be guaranteed that the ecological environment will be consciously maintained by people. This will easily lead people to ignore the ecological and cultural characteristics of human beings in different living environments. Because knowledge itself can't be regarded as a completely self-serving purpose, it is only a means to serve human well-being, especially the knowledge about ecological science, which is inseparable from the environmental interests and value orientation of human survival. In fact, the ecological science in western countries is relatively developed, but it has not been seriously and thoroughly applied to the restoration of the global ecological environment. Some scholars even distort the facts for their own economic interests, and have been demonstrating the obvious fact of global warming for many years. On the contrary, there are many indigenous peoples in the world. Although they don't have rich knowledge of ecological science, they have long-term ecological cultural traditions and ecological attitudes. They can effectively combine their own survival interests with the protection of the ecological environment in their survival practice, but they have effectively maintained the ecological environment in their living areas for a long time. Therefore, in ecological culture education, people are not only required to master the knowledge of modern ecological science and environmental science, but also to emphasize the national culture that human beings adapt to the complex ecological environment in different ecological regions, that is, to highlight the ecological and cultural characteristics of different countries and nationalities. Otherwise, this kind of education can only be the education of pure ecological knowledge, not the education of ecological culture. Of course, this does not mean that the education of ecological culture and the education of ecological knowledge are two separate kinds of education, but that the education of modern ecological science knowledge should be integrated into the ecological cultural tradition of the nation, so as to modernize this ecological cultural tradition and make it more helpful to solve the special ecological problems of different nationalities. From the cultural premise of ecological civilization construction in different societies, only when all countries and ethnic groups in the world have formed their own ecological culture can there be a rich and complementary global ecological culture, and then the ecological culture education of all countries and ethnic groups can be improved and a unique ecological civilization society can be established. Therefore, we should establish and constantly improve the unique ecological culture education system, carry out long-term and comprehensive ecological culture education, and ensure that the ecological culture quality of the whole people can meet the needs of ecological civilization construction. ?
The education to improve the ecological and cultural literacy of the whole people is a lifelong and continuous education. In view of the fact that the restoration of the earth's ecological environment requires the long-term concerted efforts of mankind for at least several centuries, we should not have the idea of doing it overnight and regard this education as a short-term task, but must establish a clear consciousness: this is a lifelong education that everyone needs to receive from childhood to old age; Improving the ecological and cultural education of the whole people is a kind of education with the participation of the whole people, and it cannot be expected to be completed solely by the education department. Only with the active participation of the public and the support of all walks of life can we persist in it for a long time and make continuous progress. Improving the national ecological culture education is a kind of comprehensive education, because this kind of knowledge itself is a comprehensive whole of many natural sciences and humanities and social sciences, and it should be carried out by innovative educational methods, not by traditional methods of dividing disciplines. Improving the national ecological culture education is also the unity of theory and practice, and ultimately serves the education of ecological civilization construction. The knowledge, morality, wisdom and all abilities gained from this kind of education should be applied to everyone's way of life. Only through everyone's conscious and active role in daily life can China, a social model advocating ecological civilization, gradually develop and mature.