With the development of society, the renewal of knowledge and the refinement of social division of labor, work is not only the basic need of individual survival, but also the pursuit of higher social and psychological satisfaction. The relationship between work and people has changed from working for life to working for life. The choice of work is also a choice of lifestyle, and it is no longer just a means of making money. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out career planning, and it is very important to cultivate the concept and ability of career planning from an early age.

First, college and middle school students lack career planning.

(1) Middle school students:

According to a survey conducted by the Education Development Research Center of the Ministry of Education, 75.2% of senior three students have "a little knowledge" and "don't know" about the major of college entrance examination, while only 1 1.4% of urban junior three students and 7. 1% of county and town students think that they can find jobs calmly. The students' understanding of the selected major and school is 2. 1%, 10.0%, 26.8%, 35.5% and 25.6%.

(B) College students' majors and job hunting

1. Professional dissatisfaction:

It is understood that many college students admitted to universities are not interested in learning after entering the school because they don't understand the school and major. According to the survey of a university research institute, more than 50% of college students think their major is not ideal, nearly 20% are dissatisfied with the school, 30% are not enthusiastic about their major, and only 3.4% know their major before entering the school. Every year, many students choose to repeat their studies because they are not satisfied with the university or major they entered, or even tired of studying. This problem of college students has become universal.

2. For the future development after graduation

50% are confused and have no goals, 4 1% haven't considered too much at present, but only 8.3% have clear goals and are full of confidence.

The reason for this result is that students in China set the purpose of study when they entered the college entrance examination, not to have a job they like in the future. If you can be in primary and secondary schools, students will have some thoughts and explorations on their future work, and they will definitely take fewer detours in their future studies and career. It is particularly important to know yourself as soon as possible and find the connection between "who I am" and "what I want" in career development.

3. Who am I? Where am I, where am I going and how can I get there?

At present, it is a common problem for college students to find jobs after graduation. As soon as I graduated nearby, I began to blindly submit my resume to find a job. This phenomenon is largely due to the fact that students do not have a clear career plan, and many college students have no idea about their future career development during their school years.

In recent years, it is difficult for graduates after the enrollment expansion in colleges and universities to find jobs, and even the starting salary is getting worse year by year: the high investment in education is not directly proportional to the output after graduation. In this regard, many career assessment experts pointed out that the generally unsatisfactory employment situation reflects an important issue, that is, career planning. Many students have not made a systematic plan for their career, and they have encountered setbacks in job fairs. Even if they enter a family unit, it is difficult to adapt. Some people find that their personality and ability tendency are not consistent with their major, or even completely opposite. However, employers often focus on their majors, and majors become a stepping stone for graduates to enter the workplace. Once the major and personality do not match, it is naturally difficult to develop in the workplace.

Cao Zhixiang, deputy director of the Center for Basic Education Curriculum and Textbook Development of the Ministry of Education, believes that whether college students can find suitable jobs must first be done well. If career education is involved in junior and senior high school courses, the pressure of each department may not be as great as it is now, and career guidance should be positioned on consciousness, ability and development prospects. This requires that China should educate students on career planning as soon as possible.

Second, vocational planning education in different places.

(1) The situation in China

1.Mainland China

Career planning education in China has been widely carried out in colleges and universities, which is called "career planning and employment guidance for college students", but there is almost no career education for students in primary and secondary schools. Although middle school students in China have their own life ideals, only a few students realize how to practice their life ideals.

2. Taiwan Province Province, China

Career education in Taiwan Province Province has formed a continuous system from primary school, junior high school, senior high school to university. In the primary school stage, provide children with career guidance, improve children's self-awareness, cultivate correct career concepts and work attitudes, and let students understand the relationship between education and future careers and learn decision-making skills. In the middle school stage, various forms of career counseling are adopted, including specialized career education courses, individual counseling and group counseling. In addition, many high schools will take career courses as one of the reference standards for their grades when recruiting junior high school students. When enrolling students in a university, in addition to the results of the college entrance examination, you also need to go through an interview procedure, one of which is an autobiography, which must include your own career plan for the future.

Many books on career planning and development have been published in Hong Kong and Taiwan, such as Career Orientation, Career Development and Counseling, The Art of Career Planning, Career Planning, Lifelong Events: Career Planning and Potential Development, and Life Decision: Career Planning.

(ii) Other countries

The United States began to attach importance to vocational education in the second half of the 20th century. Japan has specially set up courses on route guidance in junior high schools and senior high schools, and specified specific class hours.

In the west, especially in the United States, Germany and other countries with very standardized and developed professional systems, children can get to know themselves from an early age by means of career simulation, watching videos and actually trying to operate, so as to aim at the goal development. The school also has special vocational guidance courses, and vocational evaluation is overwhelming. "Career planning should be done early, and personal development orientation can be more accurate. In fact, we can see that many successful people's ideals were established in middle school.

Third, the career planning of middle school students.

Of course, we have to admit that the pressure of employment makes many colleges and universities pay more and more attention to career counseling and education (not to mention its methods and effects), but if we have to wait until we find a job, it is often too late. Many students didn't find that they didn't like their major until they entered the university, and many students didn't find themselves so helpless until they found a job, and they completely lacked a sense of direction in their career and life. Therefore, college students need career planning, but this is no longer just for college students, and middle school students also need career planning.

(A) the definition of career planning

Occupation refers to a person's life path or way forward, which is not limited to work or occupation, but also includes career, future, livelihood, love, family, leisure and so on. It includes a series of activities related to one's working life. Life is the subject that a person chooses and pursues the value of life through his own work or career and life. Career development is the whole process of an individual's role in his life, which is usually regarded as a process of personal growth, learning and development related to work.

Career planning pays attention to career development, education and occupation in one's life, and involves the choice and development of survival roles related to education and occupation. The concept of career planning holds that (1) every profession has a unique contribution to society. (2) I believe that career is an important part of life, and people have a motivation to seek the meaning and direction of life, that is, to pursue dreams and ideals. (3) We are required to explore the past, present and future, review the past, so as to find experiences that hinder our growth, rebuild our self-confidence, grasp the present state, and set short-term and long-term goals for the future. (4) To explore the different roles in life, and the relationship and influence between these roles, such as the interaction between career goals and life roles. Only by planning different life roles can we move towards diversified life goals. (5) Believe that the meaning and goals of life can be realized in different fields of activities (such as work, study and leisure). (6) Explore yourself, understand your needs, skills, values and interests, and know what you are and what you want. (7) In the process of career planning, individuals should carefully consider the controllable and uncontrollable factors in the social environment. (8) I believe that the skills and methods of career planning can be learned from appropriate counseling and education.

The so-called middle school students' career planning is to let middle school students know themselves as soon as possible, their careers, the relationship between education and careers, learn to make career decisions, and exercise their professional competitiveness in terms of knowledge, skills and comprehensive quality according to their career goals.

(B) the content of career planning

1. Self development.

Learn to know yourself, develop your ability, and focus on knowing yourself. Psychological factors that need to be developed include: from overall self-concept to school self-concept, self-efficacy, self-esteem and subjective well-being. The negative psychological factors of prevention are: depression, anxiety, helplessness, self-obstruction, etc. The psychological factors you need to know are: multiple intelligence tendency, value orientation, interest, personality characteristics and so on.

2. Career exploration.

Learning, exploring, working and other career opportunities, focusing on understanding their own learning situation and future career world. Psychological factors to be developed include: metacognitive ability, cognitive strategy, creativity, ideal and so on.

3. Career management.

Learning career planning, practicing and adjusting your own career planning, focus on cultivating the ability to plan and practice your ideals. Psychological factors that need to be cultivated include: self-determination and self-support, social perception of others and interpersonal relationships, and social communication ability.

At different ages, the goals of career planning education are different. According to the national new basic education curriculum plan and the corresponding new curriculum content, the stages and main contents of China's youth career education. We believe that the primary school stage is a stage of professional cognition, so students must understand the surrounding working environment and other extensive professional knowledge at this stage and understand their relationship with the working world. Namely: primary school students know themselves in the first and second grades, and train in the third and fourth grades; Basic ability: Understand career development in grade five or six. Junior high school is a stage of career exploration. Students have the opportunity to know more about their professional groups and gain concrete and practical career experience through internships, visits and other ways. Namely: the first and second grades of junior high school; Career exploration and career planning in junior high school. When the high school stage is the stage of career preparation, students must learn the relevant entry skills in the professional field at this stage, have the ability to engage in technical work, or have the knowledge preparation for entering college education, in order to enter the working world smoothly.

(C) the significance of career planning

Career planning should be early, and life design should be in childhood. The purpose of study is not to enter a university or get a diploma, but to have a job that I like and am willing to pay for in the future. If career planning starts from primary and secondary schools, it is of great significance to people's life.

Career planning is particularly important for young students, because they have to face many career-related choices in the process of transition from school to workplace, including the choice of entering a higher school, the choice of arts and sciences, the cultivation of interests or skills, and the choice of career. Being able to plan life and career effectively is an important growth task for young students. Personal career planning is not a single concept, it is closely related to the family and society where individuals live. It is a matter of time before you choose a career, whether you are a junior high school student or a senior high school student who is about to graduate or not. Those hopeless students are faced with a major choice in life: what kind of career to choose to enter the society? So choosing a career is choosing a life. Especially in the social background of diversified values, the significance of career planning lies in finding a career suitable for one's own development needs, realizing the matching between individuals and occupations, and maximizing personal value, so as to determine the direction of life, provide accurate positioning goals and strategies, accurately evaluate personal characteristics and advantages according to different career characteristics, carefully analyze the gap between personal goals and reality, find the correct career direction, seize career opportunities, and enhance professional competitiveness. At the same time, according to different professional requirements, we should remold our self-image, understand our own values and ultimately promote their appreciation, so as to achieve a win-win situation for our personal interests, abilities, values, career, employment units and families.

(D) Suggestions on developing career planning education

1. Career planning combined with quality education.

In the middle school stage, all schools can carry out students' career planning education activities in combination with quality education activities. The content includes personal exploration, career exploration, employment situation and policy, professional quality shaping, successful alumni experience sharing, professional experience and so on. Its main purpose is to inspire students' career planning consciousness, help middle school students think and plan their personal career reasonably, establish their own life goals as soon as possible, stimulate their initiative in learning, help middle school students understand the specific situation of various universities and majors, and improve their satisfaction in entering universities and choosing majors in the future.

2. Each school should be equipped with a full-time career planning instructor.

Professional counselors are the main force to carry out career planning education and play a leading role in middle school students' career planning. We can select and recommend a group of backbones who are engaged in student management or psychological counseling in middle schools for further study and improve their professional level. Organize career planning counselors of all schools to actively participate in recruitment consultation meetings of all universities and job fairs of employers, familiarize themselves with the job market, and constantly improve their working ability and level.

3. Make full use of the network platform to publicize the concept of career planning.

At present, the network has become an important platform for students to gather and think and exchange ideas. You can link the professional website of career planning on the school homepage to guide students to visit official website to learn relevant knowledge.

4. Organize middle school students to make career planning plans.

Without thinking, analysis and corresponding measures, career planning cannot be done. Therefore, middle school students who are about to graduate can plan their career by making career planning plans, that is, forming words, constantly comparing and urging their career implementation. Planning generally includes understanding and evaluation of oneself, objectives, measures and time schedule. If possible, please ask experienced teachers or career guidance experts to comment, so as to correct and improve.

5. Give full play to the role of student associations.

Encourage and guide students to establish "professional development" associations and other organizations that are conducive to self-growth and exercise, and equip them with special instructors to make these organizations become places for middle school students to exchange their feelings about social practice. At the same time, according to the requirements of "career education", we will help middle school students improve their employment skills, find out their own shortcomings in time and improve their professional quality and confidence through various club activities such as vocational skills competition, job hunting art and job market research.

Looking back at the situation in the mainland, can our education learn in this way, and train more students with planning ideas and independent consciousness for the society? Finally, let's start with Ryan? The words in gilson's book "Choosing the Right Pond to Catch Big Fish"-"Whether you are a middle school student, a master or a doctor, career planning should be the first and last course."

Life needs planning, life needs planning, and life can be planned.

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