How do "cold" and "warm" merge? Deng Tietao put forward a higher-level research topic. He was inspired by Mao Zedong's "two theories": the importance of theory lies in its ability to guide practice. The main contradiction between "cold" and "warm" lies in syndrome differentiation. In teaching materials, the syndrome differentiation of exogenous fever includes six meridians syndrome differentiation, Wei Qi Xue Ying syndrome differentiation, triple energizer syndrome differentiation and six yin syndrome differentiation, which are necessary for academic study, but often confuse beginners in clinic, so he thinks that the key to the confluence of cold and heat is syndrome differentiation, and thus puts forward the unity of syndrome differentiation of exogenous fever. He thinks that typhoid fever school and epidemic febrile disease school are in the same strain, and the research objects are exogenous fever, so the unity of syndrome differentiation is possible and necessary. How to make the analysis of differences more close and thorough, learn from each other's strong points to make them unified, so as to master and guide the clinic and improve the previous theories? Deng Tietao has done a lot of research on literature and medical works, and based on clinical practice, he published "Discussion on Syndrome Differentiation of Exogenous Fever" and "Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Exogenous Fever" in the early 1970s. And from the historical development, etiology and pathogenesis, dialectical practice and other aspects, it is expounded that the syndrome differentiation of exogenous fever can be unified and unified, and a set of relatively complete syndrome differentiation outline and treatment methods are put forward. The content of "Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Exogenous Fever" was compiled into 197 1 New Edition of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
In 1980s, Deng Tietao put the academic viewpoint of "unification of syndrome differentiation of exogenous fever" into the chapter "Comprehensive application of syndrome differentiation methods in clinic". Research on Five Elements Theory In the early 1960s, some scholars held a negative attitude towards the ancient Five Elements Theory in the field of philosophy, thinking that it was a simple circular theory and mechanical theory, which also directly affected the teaching field of traditional Chinese medicine. Some people advocate abandoning the five elements theory of traditional Chinese medicine in teaching. How to deal with this academic contention? Deng Tietao, based on historical materialism and materialist dialectics, dabbled in Zhouyi, Shangshu Hongfan and related theories of pre-Qin philosophers, combined with the theories of doctors in previous dynasties and his own experience, thought that the theory of five elements of traditional Chinese medicine originated from ancient philosophy, but it was not ancient philosophy, because it was combined with the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine and had become one of the indispensable cores in the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine through the exertion of doctors in previous dynasties.
On June1962 165438+1October16, Deng Tietao published an article entitled "Dialectical Factors of the Five Elements Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine" in the "Philosophy" edition of Guangming Daily, pointing out that the five elements theory of traditional Chinese medicine is mainly implemented in the theory of Tibetan images, and the five elements of zang-fu organs are extracted through numerous medical practices. It reflects that Chinese medicine divides the functions of human body into five systems (five internal organs), and the internal and external environment are related to these five systems. The relationship between the five elements is used to express the interdependence and mutual restriction of the five systems, so as to explain physiological and pathological phenomena and guide diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Through this article, Deng Tietao affirmed that the five elements theory of TCM has simple dialectical factors.
1975, based on his own research experience, Deng Tietao published "Re-discussion on Dialectical Factors of the Five Elements Theory of TCM", pointing out that the Five Elements Theory of TCM is not equal to the Five Elements Theory of ancient philosophy, nor is it completely equal to the Five Elements Theory of TCM before Qin and Han Dynasties, and it has a development process in TCM. The essence of the relationship between life and system summarized by it is the relationship between organs, people and environment, and the relationship between promotion and inhibition of various regulatory systems in the body. The theory of five elements guides the clinical treatment process, the essence of which is the process of restoring the damaged steady state of human body to normal. Therefore, it is certain that with the development of medical history, the theory of five elements has enriched its dialectical factors. It is further pointed out that this theory is worth studying and developing.
Deng Tietao believes that the development of traditional Chinese medicine must be combined with the most advanced natural science and social science. At the same time, Chinese medicine itself should first sort out the original treasures, so that the theory of Chinese medicine can be more systematic and standardized. The theory of yin-yang and five elements has always been one of the core theories of traditional Chinese medicine, but it was widely used by idealists in ancient philosophy. Only the five elements theory of traditional Chinese medicine is always combined with medical materialist dialectics. However, the academic circles in China know very little about this, so they have always doubted the scientific nature of TCM theory. China people in Japan don't believe in the five elements theory of traditional Chinese medicine. How to show the essence of the five elements theory of traditional Chinese medicine to the scientific and technological circles-the dialectical thought of interconnection? Deng Tietao urgently felt that the theory of five elements should be developed and given the content of modern system theory. 1988 published "On the Theory of Five Elements Replaced by the Correlation of Five Organs" in the second issue of Journal of Guangzhou College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, pointing out that the essence of Five Elements Theory is to emphasize the mutual promotion and mutual inhibition between viscera and tissues centered on five organs, as well as between people and the external environment, mainly among five organs. It is suggested that the theory of five elements should be replaced by the theory of five zang-organs correlation, and it is pointed out that it is the development direction of the theory of five elements to extract and inherit the essence of the theory and give it the content of modern system theory. A new understanding of the theory that the mind governs the gods. Someone asked whether the brain governs the gods or the heart governs the gods. Its essence is to doubt the scientific nature of the theory of "Zangxiang" in TCM. Deng Tietao believes that the so-called "Zangxiang" is a macroscopic phenomenon of the five internal organs, namely, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, and it is the five systems that Chinese medicine uses the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements to summarize human functions. After thousands of years of observation on the treatment and prevention of diseases, this theory has been sublimated into a theory. It cannot be measured and understood by the anatomy and physiology of western medicine. Only by using today's system theory, cybernetics and information theory can we understand the scientific nature of the theory of Tibetan images in traditional Chinese medicine and discover its mystery. In 1970s, he thought that the heart was not only a blood pump, but also an endocrine substance that could regulate the brain. When western medicine scholars found that the lung has "non-respiratory function" besides respiratory function (that is, the lung is also the main place where many endocrine hormones are produced, released, activated and inactivated), which proved the scientific nature of the theory of "lung participating in the joint" of the Tibetan image theory, he strengthened his view. 1983 On March 24th, after the death of the first patient with artificial heart in the world, Defrees, a surgeon who implanted artificial heart for Clark, was quoted as saying: "Although the plastic heart kept pumping blood, Clark's blood vessels became slack and swollen, and his circulatory system could not keep the pressure needed to push oxygenated blood to all organs. His colon function lost, then his kidney function lost, and then his brain function lost. " Deng Tietao attaches great importance to this report. He estimated that the secretion of "cardiac hormone" stopped after the heart was replaced. Life ends when the function of the lung, not the heart, is maintained beyond a certain limit and the "cardiac hormone" stored in the body is exhausted. He pointed out that in order to make the artificial heart effective for a long time, it is necessary to find the endocrine of the heart. 1In April, 1983, the theory that the heart governs the spirit was published, which pointed out that Chinese medicine combined the blood vessels hidden in the heart with the spirit, which meant that both the circulatory system and higher nervous activity belonged to the heart. It is proposed that the heart, as a solid organ, not only has the mechanical function of blood pump, but also has the hypothesis of acting on brain endocrine. It is predicted that the existence and importance of cardiac endocrine substances will be discovered when the application scope of artificial heart is expanded, which will prove the scientific nature of the theory of "the heart governs the gods". 1984, some scholars in the world medical field reported that the heart has endocrine. Spleen and stomach theory is the treasure of Chinese medicine, and Deng Tietao has always attached great importance to its inheritance and research. Good at treating gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, completely guided by these theories. He believes that the cause of this disease is complex, which is mostly caused by repeated actions of several factors. Of all the factors, three are more important-diet, spirit and physique. Among them, the physical factor is the key factor, that is, spleen and stomach weakness. Judging from the relationship between zang-fu organs, the disease originated in the stomach and insulted the liver, and the key lies in the spleen. Deficiency of spleen-qi is often an important part of this disease. In the classification treatment, for patients with disharmony between liver and stomach, Sinisan often adds Poria, Atractylodes macrocephala and Jujube. For those with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold, Huangqi Jianzhong decoction is often used to add and subtract; For patients with spleen deficiency, liver stagnation and blood stasis, Sijunzi decoction often adds astragalus, safflower, peach kernel, Bupleurum, white peony root and cuttlebone; For patients with insufficient stomach yin, Maimendong decoction (Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix Codonopsis, Radix Adenophorae, Dendrobium, Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati, Poria, Mume Fructus and Glycyrrhrizae Radix) is commonly used. It is pointed out that although there are many causes of this disease, it must be caused by the damage of spleen and stomach qi, which often presents chronic recurrent attacks and cannot be satisfied with the relief of symptoms and stop treatment. Qi deficiency of spleen and stomach is the root of this disease, so no matter what syndrome type it belongs to, it is necessary to strengthen spleen and replenish qi or nourish stomach yin in the end and consolidate treatment for 2 ~ 4 months before success can be said. His academic viewpoint is the inheritance and deepening of spleen and stomach theory in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
In the early 1960s, Guangzhou College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and China People's Liberation Army 157 Hospital jointly conducted a study on the theory of spleen and stomach. According to Zhang Zhongjing's "Spleen flourishes at four seasons without evil" and Li Dongyuan's "Spleen and stomach are dominant", the relationship between spleen and stomach and disease prevention is put forward. Deng Tietao is the main leading member of the research group. They treated infants with dyspepsia and chronic jaundice-free hepatitis and made experimental observations. It was found that the gastric emptying time was shortened, the acidity and enzyme activity of gastric juice increased, and the white blood cells increased by 65,438 04.6% ~ 40%. The classification was marked by neutropenia, and the phagocytosis rate of Staphylococcus aureus increased by 0.5 ~ 65,438 0.5 times, and the phagocytosis index increased by 0.2. In addition, they treated 62 cases of chronic jaundice-free hepatitis/KLOC-0 under the guidance of the theory of "seeing the disease of the liver ... strengthening the spleen first", and achieved high curative effect, thus realizing that the disease is not only in the liver, but more importantly in the spleen, and putting forward the treatment principle of focusing on treating the spleen and liver and kidney. He also wrote an academic paper "Hypersplenism is not easy to get sick", and put forward the academic viewpoint that hypersplenism is related to normal immune function. At that time, they also treated many patients with acute abdomen with traditional Chinese medicine, and summarized the experience of treating acute appendicitis, intussusception, ascaris obstruction, gallstones, cholecystitis and other emergencies with percussion and acupuncture. It provides a certain clinical basis for treating acute abdomen with traditional Chinese medicine. In 1970s, in medical teaching, Deng Tietao felt that the theory of spleen and stomach had extremely rich connotations and important clinical guiding significance, which was worth advocating and studying. He read a lot of literature and wrote a series of papers on his own research experience, the most representative of which was 1978 On Spleen and Stomach published at the academic conference of Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Association, which focused on physiology, pathology and treatment, and sorted out and summarized the discussions on spleen and stomach theory by Neijing, Zhang Zhongjing, Ye and Zhang. It is pointed out that the spleen and stomach are closely related to human digestion, absorption, metabolism, excretion, endocrine, immunity and even the regulation function of nervous system, and the essence of spleen and stomach in traditional Chinese medicine is discussed. From the physiological and pathological point of view, the spleen and stomach of traditional Chinese medicine should include the functions of the whole digestive system and related body fluids, while from the therapeutic point of view, the scope is wider. It can be said that regulating the spleen and stomach can treat some diseases witnessed by the spleen and stomach in various systems, with a wide range.
Deng Tietao's above understanding comes from practice and has been repeatedly verified in practice. He not only used the theory of spleen and stomach to guide the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, but also used the theory of spleen and stomach to treat many diseases of western medicine, such as aplastic anemia, leukopenia, myasthenia gravis, rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease, cirrhosis and uterine prolapse, and achieved good results. In his view, the spleen and stomach are the hinge of the ascending and descending of human qi, and human qi enters subtle Shui Gu through absorption and transportation, reaching viscera and limbs, which plays an important role in physiology and pathology. Once the disease occurs, trying to restore the normal function of the spleen and stomach is the key link to treat the disease and promote the recovery of the body. Grasping the axis of spleen and stomach, many strange and complicated diseases will be solved. In the 1980s, Deng Tietao organized a research group on "Clinical and experimental research on myasthenia gravis with spleen deficiency syndrome, and explored the law and mechanism of syndrome differentiation and treatment", which was reported to the Ministry of Health, and was approved by the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Health on 1986+00, and was designated as the key research project of the State Science and Technology Commission during the Seventh Five-Year Plan. After four years' efforts, we put forward the academic viewpoint that the etiology and pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis is spleen and stomach weakness, which is related to the five internal organs, and summarized the law of syndrome differentiation and treatment, so as to make the syndrome differentiation and treatment of myasthenia gravis systematic and regular. Using these laws of syndrome differentiation and treatment to guide clinical practice, 252 cases were treated, and the total effective rate was 98.8%, and compared with 94 cases treated with hormone. There was no difference in curative effect between the two groups, but there were no adverse side effects of hormones. The research results passed the national technical appraisal in 199 1 1, and it is considered that the research has reached the advanced level at home and abroad. Committed to the research of emergency surgery in traditional Chinese medicine. In the past, Chinese medicine was privately run, and rescuing patients was mostly carried out in family beds. With the rapid development of western hospitals, critically ill patients are sent to the emergency room of hospitals, and there is almost no opportunity for Chinese medicine to treat emergencies. Deng Tietao believes that there are many scattered and valuable experiences in treating emergencies in TCM, but the problem is that they are not systematically summarized and made into effective routines. As early as the early 1950s, Deng Tietao used acupuncture, traditional Chinese medicine and external application to treat appendicitis, an acute abdomen, which saved appendicitis patients from the pain of surgery. On the Treatment of Appendicitis by Traditional Chinese Medicine 1956+0 1 was published in journal of traditional chinese medicine in June. This paper expounds that Chinese medicine can treat appendicitis from the aspects of historical documents, Chinese medicine theory and clinical verification, which breaks the conclusion that western medicine advocates that appendicitis should be surgically removed within 24 hours. In the early 1960s, when he was engaged in scientific research jointly with College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and 157 Hospital, he took part in the rescue of critically ill patients and saved many patients. Especially in acute abdomen, such as acute appendicitis, biliary ascaris, cholecystitis, gallstones, urinary stones, intussusception, ascaris obstruction and other emergencies, we explored and summarized a number of Chinese medicine treatment methods and experiences. In recent years, he has devoted himself to the study of TCM emergencies. In view of acute pain syndrome, Wuling Zhitong Powder was successfully developed, which can be used for various pain syndromes such as qi stagnation, blood stasis and pathogenic stagnation. It passed the technical appraisal in August 1984 and has been put into production by pharmaceutical factory. For comatose patients, according to the principle of "the heart governs the spirit" and "the tongue is the seedling of the heart", Deng Tietao pioneered the tongue diagnosis methods such as Angong Niuhuang Pill, Zixuedan and Zhibaodan. According to clinical observation, after tongue diagnosis, the sputum secretion of coma patients is obviously reduced, and the malodor in the mouth is removed, which plays an important role in helping coma patients recover (including coma patients with high fever, carbon monoxide poisoning and myocardial infarction). ), and it is the rescue of coma patients. Deng Tietao has accumulated a lot of experience in rescuing critical diseases, such as high fever, massive hemorrhage, heart failure, shock and uremia. And tried to take less and less drugs orally, but used enema severely and fiercely, treating both internal and external. 1983 published the article "emergency surgery of traditional Chinese medicine must be rescued" in February, and he spoke loudly and practiced it well.