Under the background of globalization, there are significant differences between China's traditional sports and western sports. There are many reasons for the huge differences between Chinese and western sports, but from a historical perspective, the differences in source bear the brunt. Western sports originated in ancient Greece, while China's traditional sports came into being in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Judging from the history of civilization, ancient Greece and China in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were both in the "axis era". At this time, China and ancient Greece, located at the east and west ends of Eurasia, both created splendid and different cultures. In terms of sports culture, due to the differences in geographical environment and national character, there are obvious differences in values, sports forms and operation modes between China and ancient Greece, which largely leads to completely different development paths between China and the West. This topic chooses the sports of China and Greece in the special historical period of the Axis Age as the research object, and makes a comparative study, which not only helps people to understand the similarities and differences between ancient China and ancient Greece, but also has important theoretical significance for us to better understand the great differences between Chinese and western sports today. Through the research of this topic, we can draw the following conclusions: 1. China and Greece have many similarities and differences in geographical environment, political and economic system, ideology and culture, which can also be seen in sports. 2. Sports concept: China sports in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period emphasized introspection, pursued health and longevity, and put ethics first: ancient Greece advocated bodybuilding, paid attention to fitness, and had a strong sense of competition. 3. Sports form: During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were many kinds of sports in China, military sports developed rapidly, folk sports activities had universal characteristics, and the exercise methods emphasized harmony, moderation and both internal and external training; The ancient Olympic Games and the sports events in Sparta and Athens are also varied, but most of them are young people, and the exercise methods emphasize scientific exercise according to the characteristics of muscles. 4. Sports operation mode: China sports in the Axis era is a kind of civilian sports, based on the league system, but it lacks material guarantee. At the same time, under the influence of patriarchal clan system, it became a vassal of politics; Ancient Greek sports were elite sports, mainly based on the national system. Under the guarantee of material and system, the essence and law of sports itself are emphasized. 5. Sports thoughts: The philosophical thoughts of China's sages in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, such as "courtesy is for use, harmony is for value", "harmony between man and nature", "quiet and far-reaching" and "doing nothing", formed the sports thoughts of "emphasizing competition, etiquette and health", which pointed out the development path for the development of traditional sports in China at that time; Ancient Greek thinkers emphasized that in order to defend the polis, sports should be regarded as an important part of education, closely linked with moral education and intellectual education, shaping the harmonious development of body and mind, and paying attention to scientific training and scientific fitness. 6. Both China sports and ancient Greek sports played an important role in the Axial Age. The former is the source of traditional sports culture in China, while the latter is the source of western culture. They are basically in the same historical period, but they have formed two completely different sports forms. The reason is that the differences of their natural geographical environment, political and economic system and social and cultural background lead them to take different paths. 7. The great difference between China and Greek sports in the Axial Age has greatly restricted the development of East and West sports in the future. Traditional sports in China have been developed and widely spread in the historical evolution. However, since modern times, it is difficult to communicate and collide with modern western sports. The ancient western sports gradually disappeared in the darkness of the Middle Ages, and the dawn of modern civilization provided a new historical opportunity for the development of western sports. After the rebirth of Nirvana, western modern sports gradually developed into a global strong culture, but it was accompanied by the same drawbacks and crises as the ancient Olympic Games. Through the research of this paper, it is found that the dilemma faced by Chinese traditional sports can find a way out in the development of western sports, and the shortcomings of western sports are the strengths of Chinese traditional sports. It is the development direction of world sports in the future to combine them organically and realize the high-quality complementarity between the two sports civilizations.