Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, with the all-round development of the country and the further strengthening of the Party's ruling ability, it has become the consensus of the whole party and society to adhere to the people-oriented principle, promote the coordinated development of economy and society, and build a harmonious society. The study and life of primary and secondary school students are not only related to thousands of families, but also to the future development of the country. Caring for their healthy growth and creating more favorable conditions for their study and life is the proper meaning of building a harmonious society.
In recent years, the Communist Youth League Committee has noticed that due to the great changes in social life in our province, the problem of primary and secondary school students' schedules has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life, especially front-line educators, primary and secondary school students and their parents, and the call for reforming the current curriculum to make it more scientific and reasonable has become increasingly strong. To this end, the Communist Youth League Committee took the schedule of primary and secondary school students as the main content, and conducted an all-round investigation on breakfast, sleep, schoolwork burden and other related issues, with a view to scientifically analyzing the feasibility of adjusting the schedule of primary and secondary school students in our province from the reality.
The survey was conducted through questionnaires and interviews. A questionnaire survey was conducted among primary and secondary schools in Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, Baoding and Langfang, and three counties (cities) in jizhou city, daming county and Shexian. * * * There are 1 18 primary and secondary schools at or above the county level, 50 primary schools, 24 junior high schools, and 2 senior high schools 12. Primary schools to junior high schools are compound schools. The design sample is 10 students and parents, and each school has 3 principals and class teachers. The actual valid questionnaires are: 1 167 students, 165438 parents, 354 principals and teachers, with a total of 2684 analysis samples. Sampling is extensive and representative. At the same time, I visited some schools and related institutions in Shijiazhuang, had extensive discussions with representatives of relevant personnel, and listened to opinions from all sides.
Second, the implementation of the current schedule
In recent 10 years, our province has not made clear and unified regulations on the schedule of primary and secondary school students. Usually, local education departments make corresponding arrangements according to the routine or the schedule of government departments. It is understood that at present, most middle school students in our province get up at 6: 00-6: 20 in the morning (boarders), arrive at school at 7: 30 and start self-study in the morning. There are four classes from 8: 00 am to11:50 am and 14: 10 pm. Middle schools in urban areas usually have four classes in the afternoon, and some even have an evening self-study class, and they can only leave school at about 18 in the evening. Pupils usually arrive at school at 7: 40 in the morning, with four classes in the morning and two classes at 8: 00- 1 1: 30 in the afternoon, and leave school around 16: 00.
Third, there are disadvantages in the current curriculum of primary and secondary schools.
(A) primary and secondary school students generally lack sleep.
The Interim Provisions on Health Work in Primary and Secondary Schools jointly issued by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health points out that primary school students should sleep for 10 hours a day and middle school students should sleep for 9 hours. But what is the actual situation? According to the questionnaire statistics of Shijiazhuang students' parents, the difference between primary school students' night sleep time and middle school students' daily sleep time is 465, 438+0 minutes and 52 minutes respectively. Theoretically, according to the current schedule, this gap can be made up by taking a lunch break, but this is not the case. According to the interview, most primary and middle school students are not used to taking a lunch break. Even if they have time at noon, they are doing other things or wasting their time. Similarly, in the questionnaire survey, 68% of primary and middle school students think that lunch break has no effect on class, 87% of students think that lunch break is unnecessary, but the teacher's reaction to lunch break is the opposite, and 90% of students think it is necessary. This contrast shows that primary and secondary school students do not take lunch breaks according to the current schedule, which is determined by their living habits and lifestyles, and it is unlikely that they will be forced to take lunch breaks through management. Therefore, in the case that primary and secondary school students generally don't take a lunch break, it is unrealistic for primary school students to sleep at 20: 32 and middle school students at 2 1: 16 in order to achieve appropriate sleep time.
In this regard, experts in Shijiazhuang Psychological Hospital believe that "primary school students should guarantee 10 hour and middle school students should meet 9 hours", which is a standard put forward by medical experts according to the physiological development needs of adolescents and has been widely recognized. Adequate sleep can keep the physical and mental balance of primary and secondary school students. If the sleep time is deliberately shortened, this balance will be destroyed, which is not conducive to their healthy physical and mental growth. Physically, lack of sleep will have an impact on the development of the brain and body organs. For example, long-term lack of sleep may lead to abnormal development of optic nerve and spine. Psychologically, lack of sleep is prone to depression, depression, anxiety and impatience, and abnormal psychological performance will in turn affect sleep, leading to difficulty in falling asleep and forming a vicious circle.
The breakfast quality of primary and middle school students is poor.
Breakfast is greatly influenced by schedule. The questionnaire shows that when students are asked whether they have breakfast from Monday to Friday, the answers of students and parents are relatively consistent. On the whole, students and parents choose 23% and 25% respectively for the situation that they can't insist on eating breakfast every day, that is, about 1/4 primary and secondary school students can't insist on eating breakfast every day. For primary and middle school students, 70% of parents and 74% of students think that the reason is "too late", followed by "no appetite", and the proportion of parents and students is 17% and 16% respectively. These two reasons are far higher than "no favorite convenience food", "no one cooks" and "it doesn't matter whether you eat or not". In essence, "loss of appetite" is also due to stress and lack of rest, which leads to poor health and physical condition. Some experts pointed out that children in growth and development have two growth hormone secretion peaks during sleep, one at around 0: 00 at night and the other at around 5: 00 in the morning. If you sleep too late at night and exceed 9 o'clock, you will inevitably squeeze the main secretion peak at zero, while getting up too early in the morning will destroy the second secretion peak in the morning. Children's lack of sleep, when the two secretion peaks are affected, will inevitably lead to a decline in children's appetite, nutritional behavior, nutritional atmosphere is directly affected, will inevitably affect the absorption of nutrients, even if eaten, it will not be well absorbed. At the same time, we also know that even most primary and middle school students who can eat breakfast are just "making do" with breakfast because of time constraints, and the quality of breakfast is generally poor.
Aiming at the breakfast problem of primary and middle school students, we specially visited the nutrition experts in the provincial children's hospital. Nutrition believes that breakfast is very important for people, especially for primary and secondary school students in physical development. Scientific nutrition advocates "eat well early, eat well at noon and eat less at night", and the energy and nutrition provided by breakfast should reach 25%-30% of the diet. Professor Ma Guansheng, director of the Student Nutrition Research Office of Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, and secretary-general of China Student Nutrition Promotion Association, pointed out that breakfast is the first formal meal to end hunger after getting up in the morning. Eating breakfast for teenagers not only affects the intake of energy and nutrients throughout the day, but also affects cognitive ability and academic performance, which will affect nutritional status and growth and development in the long run. At present, there are many "chubby piers" and "small bean sprouts" among primary and secondary school students. Experts believe that this is closely related to breakfast, dinner and snacks. Unreasonable nutritional structure leads to poor physical development.
(C) learning efficiency is affected
Lack of rest, coupled with poor breakfast quality, will inevitably lead to lack of energy and poor mental state of primary and secondary school students. Even if the study time at school is guaranteed, the physical and psychological conditions are not in the best state, which leads to low learning efficiency, half the effort and failure to achieve the due learning effect. For example, arranging early self-study is a common practice in primary and secondary schools in our province. The main purpose is to learn Chinese and English by reading aloud. But through the communication with students and teachers, we know that most students think that self-study in the morning is inefficient. A considerable number of students admit that although they are studying during self-study in the morning, the content is not taken to heart. Some students also said that self-study in the morning is often distracted and not used for study. In the questionnaire, we mainly investigate students' own feelings according to their learning situation. The results show that 33% students feel poor mental state or jet lag in class in the morning, while 58% students feel this way in class in the afternoon.
IV. Current schedules of work and rest of both parties.
(1) About the length of time students spend at school. See Table 6, Figure 7 and Figure 8 for students' reflection on the length of school. It can be seen that 58% of high school students think that the school time is long, which is the mainstream, while 34% of primary school students think that the school time is short (26%), and junior high school students are in between. The ratio of "long" to "short" school time is 3.65438. This shows that the higher the grade, the greater the study pressure and the longer the school time. High school students have the desire to reduce the school time, while primary school students have room to increase the school time. For the same problem, 28% of teachers think that school hours are long, 2% think that school hours are short, and 70% think that school hours are appropriate, which reflects that the mainstream of teachers recognizes the status quo, but a large proportion of teachers think that students should spend less time in school.
(2) About the time when students arrive at school in the morning. We made a survey of students and parents. Results In Figure 9 and Figure 10, we can see that the responses of parents and students are basically the same. Parents think that early and correct is about 46%, and late can be ignored. The relative ratio between the early stage and the right side is slightly lower than that of the parents, and it is 3% in the late stage. Generally speaking, the mainstream agrees with the status quo, but those who think that they go to school early also account for a large proportion.
(3) About the time when primary school students leave school in the afternoon. Many parents report that urban primary schools have two classes in the afternoon, and children leave school earlier than their parents, which brings two problems: First, some primary school students (according to this survey, accounting for 32%) need their parents to pick them up, and some primary school students can only rely on their parents because their parents have not left work or stayed at school, or their parents have other plans. For example, some parents spend money to buy a "small dining table" to take care of them (about 65,438+000-per month). Second, the afternoon time is not fully utilized, which may lead to going home to stay at night and eventually occupying sleep time, resulting in insufficient sleep.
V. Implementation and reform of curriculum for primary and secondary school students at home and abroad
"It is the stone of other mountains, and you can attack jade." We should learn from the implementation and reform of the curriculum for primary and secondary school students at home and abroad.
(A) the practice of some countries
Foreign primary and secondary school students generally go to school late.
UK: Public primary and secondary school students arrive at school at 9: 00 a.m. and leave school at 15: 30. The state expressly stipulates that children should not study more than 6 hours a day;
American primary school students arrive at school at 8: 45, 15. Except for an hour of lunch at noon, there is no clear class time in the morning, and the situation of middle school students is similar.
Canada: Primary and secondary school students arrive at school at 8: 40 in the morning, leave school at 1 1: 30, attend school at 12: 30 in the afternoon, leave school at 15: 30 in primary school and leave school at 16: 30 in middle school;
Pakistan: Primary and secondary schools start classes at 8 a.m. and end at 13: 00. There is no class in the afternoon, and there is almost no homework.
Japan: arrive at school after eight o'clock; ……
(B) practices in other parts of China.
Since the adjustment of commuting schedule in some areas of China, many areas have made corresponding adjustments to the schedule of primary and secondary school students.
Beijing: The Municipal Education Commission puts forward rigid requirements for the schedule of primary and secondary school students: the school arrival time should not be earlier than 7: 50 in primary school and 7: 30 in middle school. This is the first time in the history of Beijing that primary and secondary school students are explicitly required to leave school, and the school-leaving time of 654.38+0.6 million primary and secondary school students is delayed by about half an hour.
Wuhan: In 2002, the Municipal Education Bureau uniformly stipulated that primary school students should not be required to arrive at school earlier than 8: 20 in the morning, the first class should start at 8: 40 (Monday at 8: 50) and leave school no later than12:10; Students are not required to arrive at school earlier than 13: 50 in the afternoon and finish school no later than 16: 40.
Jiaxing: In 2003, the Municipal Education Bureau revised the curriculum of primary and secondary schools, requiring all primary and secondary schools to cancel early self-study. School hours in the morning should not be earlier than 8: 00 in primary school, 7: 45 in junior high school and 7: 30 in senior high school. After school in the afternoon, no later than 5 o'clock in middle school and no later than 4 o'clock in primary school (excluding evening self-study).
Chongqing: In February, 2003, the municipal government made a decision to postpone school for half an hour in the morning for primary and secondary school students in the city, so that they can have more sleep time.
Nanjing: Since 2000, primary school students have worked and rested in winter and summer vacations, that is, from 1 1 every year to March 3 1 next year, and students arrive at school at 8: 00 in the morning; Every April 1 to1October 3 1, students arrive at school at 7: 50 in the morning.
(C) the exploration of some schools in our province
Shijiazhuang Foreign Language School: This is a compound school from primary school to high school. In September this year 13, the school began to implement a new "nine to five" schedule. Students get up at 7: 20, do morning reading at 8: 30 and have the first class at 8: 50. The overall work and rest time of students is delayed 1 hour. The responsible comrades of the school introduced that the new work and rest system was welcomed by students, teachers and parents after its implementation. Students have a good sleep and breakfast, and their learning status at school has been greatly improved, and their learning efficiency has been significantly improved. The new curriculum was warmly welcomed by the teachers. According to the original schedule, teachers work at least 9 hours in school (middle school), which is very labor-intensive. Teachers are generally tired and sub-health is serious. After postponing the class schedule, the teacher's sleep and rest are also guaranteed to some extent, and the teaching effect will also go up when the mental state is good. Two months after the trial of the new schedule, even many parents who began to have concerns have dispelled their concerns. They have seen the benefits of the new schedule-their grades have not been affected by being absent from school for an hour, but many children's grades have improved.
Zhai Ying Street Primary School: In the first half of this year, we tried to postpone students' classes. The responsible comrades of the school believe that it has become a trend for primary and secondary schools, especially primary schools, to postpone class hours. As long as the school makes up its mind, there is not much resistance to the implementation of the "nine to five" system in Shishi Primary School. After more than half a year's experiment, the school has set the time for children to arrive at school at 8: 00+08, with the first class of four classes at 8: 20 in the morning, each class lasts for 35 minutes, and they can leave school at 65: 438+065: 438+0: 35 at noon. After school at 2 pm, let the children go home for dinner or rest at noon.
Sixth, the preliminary conclusion of the work and rest time survey.
Based on the analysis of various factors in this survey, it can be seen that under the clear objective conditions, the respondents still express a high degree of subjective recognition of the current schedule. In-depth analysis of this situation, we feel that: on the one hand, the situation of the respondents is very different, and some of them really adapt to and highly agree with the current schedule. On the other hand, due to the long-term implementation of the current work and rest schedule, it gives people the impression that "existence is reasonable", which may make some respondents unconsciously enter the mindset of "habit becomes nature". In this regard, we believe that we should distinguish the mainstream and grasp the trend. For the healthy growth of primary and secondary school students, it is necessary to adjust the schedule of primary and secondary schools and overcome the existing disadvantages. The questionnaire survey shows that parents and teachers generally agree with this view, and the support rate for delaying morning work and rest in primary and secondary schools is 5 1% and 59% respectively. Among them, the ratio of teachers' approval and opposition is 2.2, and the ratio of parents is: primary school 1.6, junior high school 1.5 and senior high school 1.8.
Seven, suggestions on adjusting the schedule of primary and secondary school students.
We believe that according to the requirements of people-oriented and building a harmonious society, starting from the healthy growth of primary and secondary school students, our province should adjust the schedule of primary and secondary school students to make it more scientific and reasonable, make students happy and satisfy schools and parents. We suggest that:
(a) to make specific adjustments to the schedule of primary and secondary school students. It mainly includes: ① the morning lessons are postponed for 30-40 minutes according to the current schedule, and the morning self-study is cancelled; ② Cancel middle school students' lunch break in winter and start classes in the afternoon; (3) appropriately postpone the afternoon school time for primary school students.
(2) Adjust the curriculum and give full consideration to fairness. Under the condition that the current education system and the system of further education have not been fundamentally changed, we should fully consider the realistic wishes of students, parents and schools for further education according to the characteristics of competition for further education, ensure the fairness of students' further education in the region when adjusting the curriculum of primary and secondary school students, arrange and implement the curriculum in a unified way, and try our best to achieve the unity of the whole province. We can also stipulate that high schools should be unified throughout the province, junior high schools should be unified in areas above the city (including the city), and primary schools should be unified in areas above the county level. The government should play a central role in the adjustment work, clarify the responsibilities of relevant departments, strengthen work guidance, and deal with and solve related major problems. On the basis of careful investigation, the administrative department of education should coordinate the relevant departments to formulate specific plans and organize their implementation, and do a good job in adjusting the schedule of primary and secondary school students to ensure implementation.