The Yellow River, the fifth longest river in the world, is a 5464-kilometer-long river winding in the north of China. From the air, it looks like a huge word "Ji" and is also a unique totem of our nation.

Second, the characterization of the Yellow River

Not just a big river. Yellow River, Yellow Land, Emperor and Yellow Peel, all these yellow appearances sublimate this turbid stream flowing through the heart of China into a holy river. Han Shu Gou Ji regards the Yellow River as the head of thousands of waters: "China has the source of all rivers, not in the four capitals, but in the river."

This is an unparalleled loess, with an area of 4 1 1,000 square kilometers, and the thickness of loess coverage is generally above 1 1,000 meters. The loess in Longdong, Shaanxi, Shanxi and other places is as deep as 100 to 200 meters, and the thickness in Lanzhou is more than 300 meters.

This is an unparalleled loess, with an area of 4 1 1,000 square kilometers, and the thickness of loess coverage is generally above 1 1,000 meters. The loess in Longdong, Shaanxi, Shanxi and other places is as deep as 100 to 200 meters, and the thickness in Lanzhou is more than 300 meters.

Eighteen, the loess plateau vegetation destruction, ecological environment is not what it used to be.

Walking in what we call the Loess Plateau today, there are all rugged, cracked and broken loess in front of us, without trees or even grass. How many people have deeply lamented: How could our ancestors have such a splendid civilization in such a harsh natural environment?

What they didn't realize was that green was the main color here until 6000 years ago, when the forest coverage rate was as high as 69%.

In 2013, there were two breaches, and there was a great diversion in a hundred years.

The Yellow River is becoming more and more tyrannical. "Every three years, it burst its banks twice, and every hundred years, it changed its course." Finally, the mother river became "the worry of China". Fighting the Yellow River flood has become a top priority in the Central Plains.

A river that flows through the estuary.

According to the statistics of 1997, the population of the Yellow River Basin is1070,000, accounting for 8.6% of the whole country. The cultivated land area in the Yellow River Basin is1890,000 mu, accounting for 13.3% of the whole country. Irrigation area is 7590.

10,000 mu, accounting for 9.7% of the country; The gross domestic product of the Yellow River basin is 484.2 billion yuan, and the total industrial output value is 60 15 billion yuan, accounting for 5.3% of the whole country. The total agricultural output value150.9 billion yuan, accounting for 6. 1% of the whole country.

Folk songs:

The yellow river is rolling and the waves are turning, and the cowhide raft is used as a boat.

The Yellow River winds in eighteen bays, and Ningxia got up and went to Tongguan. Who is the first scenic spot in Wan Li? It's also called Qikou Treasure Mountain.

Xintianyou:

Yellow river boatman song

Do you know dozens of bays of the Yellow River in the world? There are dozens of boats in dozens of bays.

Dozens of boats, dozens of poles? Dozens of rich people came to move the boat.

I know there are ninety-nine bays of the Yellow River in the world, and there are ninety-nine boats on ninety-nine bays.

Ninety-nine boats and ninety-nine poles. Oh, ninety-nine of those rich people came to move the boat.

Fourteen, the loess plateau forest suffered heavy losses for the sixth time.

After Manchu entered the customs, the population increased from 80 million to 200 million in just a few decades. North China and Jiangnan are overcrowded, so a large number of refugees spontaneously flock to the northwest. The Loess Plateau has once again become the hardest hit area. Before the Ming Dynasty, there were towering trees in Qilian Mountain and Liupanshan Mountain, which were completely bare mountains at this time.

Sixteen, alas! Yellow River!

Oh! For thousands of years, we have destroyed the natural vegetation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River with knives and axes and wars. Alas, countless magnificent temples built with trees have been cut down, and now they are calm.

The yellow land is deep and fragile. Because of its loose soil and fine particles, once the vegetation is destroyed, soil erosion will occur.

This is extremely serious. Soon we heard a sigh: "Initiating the River Clearing, what is the geometry of life?"

17. Gully depth of vegetation destruction in the Loess Plateau.

At present, there are more than 300,000 gullies on the plateau with the length exceeding 1km, and there are countless branch gullies and hair gullies below 1km. The final destination of gullies is the Yellow River, which continuously cuts the Loess Plateau and becomes the main source of sediment in the Yellow River.

Eighteen, the loess plateau vegetation destruction, ecological environment is not what it used to be.

Walking in what we call the Loess Plateau today, there are all rugged, cracked and broken loess in front of us, without trees or even grass. How many people have deeply lamented: How could our ancestors have such a splendid civilization in such a harsh natural environment?

What they didn't realize was that green was the main color here until 6000 years ago, when the forest coverage rate was as high as 69%.

Nineteen, a rainstorm terrain change

With the decrease of vegetation coverage, the river ditches on the plateau are strongly cut, extending upward, and at the same time, both sides are widened, and branch ditches develop, and branch ditches develop into hair ditches. Such a change often takes only a few years, months, days or even a rainstorm, so the Loess Plateau is also known as the region with the fastest terrain change in the world.

20. Of the 65438+600 million tons of sediment dumped every year, 90% comes from the Loess Plateau.

Every year, 654.38+0.6 billion tons of sediment is dumped, 90% of which comes from these gullies on the Loess Plateau. Every year,1.60 billion tons of soil is lost, not only to dye a river shocking yellow. It went down with the water, silted up the lake, washed away the hills, raised the riverbed and washed away the plains.

In 2013, there were two breaches, and there was a great diversion in a hundred years.

The Yellow River is becoming more and more tyrannical. "Every three years, it burst its banks twice, and every hundred years, it changed its course." Finally, the mother river became "the worry of China". Fighting the Yellow River flood has become a top priority in the Central Plains.

Twenty-two, guarding the Yellow River water shortage, Zhengzhou can be a model for the middle reaches.

Zhengzhou was originally prospered by water. Adjacent to the Yellow River, Jia Luhe, Xiong 'er River and Jinshui pass through the city. However, with the great development of industry and agriculture, pollution is becoming more and more serious, water diversion channels are criss-crossing, and the three rivers that once flowed endlessly have dried up. By the 1970s, Zhengzhou had completely relied on the Yellow River for water supply.

Twenty-three, Shandong lacks water, and the closer it is to the Yellow River, the more water is lacking.

The situation of water resources in Shandong is even more tense. Population and cultivated land account for 7.2% and 7.3% of the country respectively, while the total water resources only account for 1.2% of the country. The per capita water resource is only 300 cubic meters, which is 13.3% of the national average. Each hectare of cultivated land occupies 4560 cubic meters of water, accounting for 17.3% of the national total. However, the closer to the Yellow River, the more water resources are in short supply. The runoff in the Yellow River area has dropped to only 60mm, and it is only 25mm in Linqing and guanxian areas in the northwest of Shandong.

Yellow river

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China after the Yangtze River, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers. It flows through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Suiyuan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong and other nine provinces in a zigzag shape, flows eastward into the Bohai Sea, and gathers along the way.

There are more than 30 main tributaries and countless streams and rivers, with a basin area of over 750,000 square kilometers. The middle reaches flow through the vast loess plateau, and many tributaries carry a lot of sediment into it, which is the river with the largest sediment concentration in the world. This river is yellow, hence its name.

The Yellow River originates from the Zhanzonglie Canal at the northern foot of Bayan Kara, Qinghai, with an altitude of more than 5,400 meters, and the surrounding mountains are covered with snow all year round. There is a sea of stars at the source of the Yellow River, which is a swamp of countless small lakes. After leaving Xinghai, enter Eling Lake and Zhaling Lake to Maduo, bypass Jishishan and Xiqingshan, and cross Longyangxia to Guide, Qinghai, with a total length of 1900 kilometers. The upstream section is from Guide to Hekou Town, Suiyuan Province, with a total length of 1500 kilometers. The Yellow River is in Gansu, passing through many grand canyons and gathering many tributaries. The middle reaches from Hekou Town to Yujin, with a total length of 1 100 kilometers. The river flows south through the Loess Plateau, carrying a lot of sediment, rushing down to Hukou, where the terrain is steep, forming Hukou Waterfall, and then passing through Longmen Gorge to Tongguan, the river channel becomes wider, and the water volume increases greatly because of the confluence of Qin Fen, Luohe and Xiaoshui tributaries. When the river reaches Tongguan, it is blocked by Huashan Mountain, turns east, crosses Sanmenxia to Luo Yu, and then enters the plain area. The downstream section flows into the Bohai Sea from Jinmeng to Lijin County, Shandong Province, with a total length of more than 870 kilometers. Due to the accumulation of sediment and slow water flow, dikes are built on both banks, becoming "rivers on the ground".

The headwaters and upper reaches of the Yellow River are the most tortuous, followed by the middle reaches, and the lower reaches are straight. From Lanzhou to Tongguan, the river bypasses a rectangle on three sides, which is the famous Hetao, about 2000 kilometers long. During the occupation, the downstream river course was uncertain. This river sometimes flows into the Bohai Sea in the northern part of Shandong hills, and sometimes flows into the Yellow Sea in the southern part of Shandong hills, with a distance of 500 kilometers.

Liucheng of the Yellow River is the cradle of the Chinese nation and one of the birthplaces of ancient civilizations in the world. The discovery of the "Lantian Ape Man" fossil proves that the ancestors of the Chinese nation lived in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province as early as 500,000 to 600,000 years ago. The climate of the ancient Yellow River basin was much warmer and wetter than it is now, and the loess was loose and sparse, which was beneficial to farming and very suitable for human habitation. More than 5000 years ago, Yangshao culture appeared in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. In Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and other provinces, more than 1000 sites have been discovered, including stone tools, bone implements, pottery and so on. The most distinctive is the pottery with red surface and colorful patterns, so Yangshao culture is also called painted pottery culture. It can be proved from the discovery of Yin Ruins that the Chinese nation established the oldest civilized country in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River 3,000 years ago. Historically, the Yellow River has flooded cities. According to records, over the past 2000 years, the lower reaches of the Yellow River have burst its banks 1500 times and changed its course on a large scale for 26 times. The flood-stricken area reaches Tianjin in the north and Jiangsu and Anhui in the south, reaching 250,000 square kilometers. The total amount of sediment carried by river water exceeds1600 million metric tons every year on average. Due to the low terrain, gentle river slope and slow flow rate, a large amount of sediment is deposited on the river bed, with an average of more than 400 million metric tons per year. The rest of the sediment flows to the estuary and alluvial into the estuary delta extending to the sea, with an average of more than 20 square kilometers of land reclamation every year. The Yellow River basin has fertile soil, rich products and magnificent mountains and rivers. Residents account for almost a quarter of the total population of China, while cultivated land accounts for about 40% of the country.

Information about the Yellow River

[ 2007-4-22 17:37:00

You can't wash yourself off if you jump into the Yellow River-you find it difficult to clear yourself.

In Ningxia, Huang Hefu and Wuzhong are the richest.

There is still a day when the Yellow River will be clarified. How can people have no luck?

Tianxia Huang Hefu Ningxia

I won't stop until I reach the Yellow River.

A saint appeared, Huang Heqing.

Folklores, proverbs and legends about the Yellow River.

Folklores, proverbs and legends about the Yellow River.

Jumping into the Yellow River can't be washed away. Ningxia, Huang Hefu, Wuzhong, the richest man, and the Yellow River will be clarified one day. How can you live in Ningxia, Huang Hefu, until you reach the Yellow River? You will never die, and you will not cry until you see the coffin?

Idiom:

The mainstay, Haiyan Heqing, Heqing Haiyan, Heshan Dai Li, Yellow River Shuiqing, Lishan Daihe, Carp yue longmen, initiated Heqing, is the mainstay.

Wang Changling

"Hundred Gardens Wangjing guru, when the Yellow River gushes. In the poor autumn, there are no pedestrians in the wilderness, and Ma Shoudong knows who it is. "

Crossing the Yellow River is a hot topic, and leaving home for a few days is new.

Du Fu's Two Yellow River Poems

The Haixi Army on the north bank of the Yellow River, gongs and drums ring all over the world. There are countless iron horses, and the conference semifinals are crowded with high noses. The south bank of the Yellow River is my country, Shu, and I have to support my family without millet. I would like to wear a man to the king, mix a car full of books and abandon gold and jade.

He Jingzhi's "Sanmenxia-Dressing Table": "Look at the three doors, the three doors will open, and the Yellow River will not go back to the east", "Order Li Bai to change poetry, and the water of the Yellow River will come!" .

Sadula, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote "Crossing the Ancient Yellow River Dike": "There was a Yellow River flow in ancient times, but now it is cultivated land. The roads are soft, and the sea turns to dust. "

In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi wrote, "The Yellow River twists and turns, the sand in Wan Li, and the waves roll from the end of the world."

Lipper

"How can the water of the Yellow River go out of heaven and into the ocean, and never return?",

"When the Yellow River falls into the East China Sea, Wan Li writes in his mind",

"The Yellow River can hold soil, and the north wind hates rain and snow."

"The Yellow River comes to Kunlun in the west, and Wan Li touches Longmen",

"I want to cross the Yellow River, but the ice blocked the ferry; I want to climb the Taihang Mountain, but the sky is covered with snow. "

"How magnificent Xiyue is, and the Yellow River is like a silk sky."

"Let's explore the tiger's den in the desert and whip the horse in the Yellow River."

Wang Wei's "single wood, yellow river in the sky"

Li Shangyin said, "The earth is full of flowers and the Yellow River wants to make the sky yellow.".

Bai Juyi "The Yellow River is white and Huang Yun is autumn, and pedestrians are relatively worried by the river".

In the Song Dynasty, Qiu Qiang's "Huang Heqing" drums were clear and magnificent. I like the dust on the side, and it is still quiet today. Add in the first line, and the imperial country will last forever. Outside the building, thousands of riders, cheers and thunder. When the Taiping official first saw it, the dream bear went first. The emperor's grace comes out at night, and the clouds fly against the phoenix. Treasure it with 10 thousand nails and celebrate it today. Meritorious service is so successful, the situation is rectified, and Jianghuai is stable. This time, I just turned back to the tripod.

Liu's "Complaining for the People" In the year when Jinhe returned, Ma Ce and Dao Huan were in the DPRK. In the late spring when it snows heavily, the Great Wall, a journey across the Yellow River and around Montenegro.

Folk songs:

The yellow river is rolling and the waves are turning, and the cowhide raft is used as a boat.

The Yellow River winds in eighteen bays, and Ningxia got up and went to Tongguan. Who is the first scenic spot in Wan Li? It's also called Qikou Treasure Mountain.

Xintianyou:

Yellow river boatman song

Do you know dozens of bays of the Yellow River in the world? There are dozens of boats in dozens of bays.

Dozens of boats, dozens of poles? Dozens of rich people came to move the boat.

I know there are ninety-nine bays of the Yellow River in the world, and there are ninety-nine boats on ninety-nine bays.

Ninety-nine boats and ninety-nine poles. Oh, ninety-nine of those rich people came to move the boat.

Folk songs:

The yellow river is rolling and the waves are turning, and the cowhide raft is used as a boat.

The Yellow River winds in eighteen bays, and Ningxia got up and went to Tongguan. Who is the first scenic spot in Wan Li? It's also called Qikou Treasure Mountain.

Legend:

Legend has it that a long time ago, the ancient Yellow River was a wild horse that was difficult to tame. It runs as it pleases, like a grinning monster, roaring day and night, devouring fertile land. Bite Chung Shan Man, the Hui people on both sides of the Yellow River can only live a slash-and-burn life at the top of the mountain and at the bottom of the ditch. At that time, Ningxia was not a plain bordered by Ma Pingchuan, but green mountains and valleys. There is no flat field, and no field can be irrigated with Yellow River water.

Legend has it that there are several families living in Niushou Mountain who return to the Han family. They carry water at the foot of the mountain and farm at the top of the mountain for generations. All ages are busy, but they don't have enough to eat and don't wear warm clothes. For a long time, no one could stand this torture.

One year, a 70-year-old Hui Hui man named Del opened a melon garden on the mountain and planted some cucumbers. He gets up early every day and goes to the Yellow River to fetch water and water cucumbers. His shoulders are swollen and his feet are skinned. He carefully cultivated cucumbers, and the yellow ones looked tender and sweet.

On this day, the old man was tired and fell asleep at the gate of the vegetable garden.

As soon as he fell asleep, he dreamed that there was a white cloud floating in the sky. Gradually, Baiyun became an imam with a white beard, shook his silver beard and said to the old man, "There are two strong winds today, so you should pay attention. There is a yellow wind at noon, which can make cucumbers wither; There is a black wind in the afternoon, which can make cucumber stems fall off. No matter how windy it is, don't pick cucumbers.

When the old man woke up, he saw that the white-bearded imam had disappeared, but he saw that the yellow wind in the north was overwhelming and suddenly blew to Niushou Mountain. The old man looked at the cucumbers carefully, and sure enough, they faded one by one. He was very sad. A year's efforts were in vain, but the thought of the white-bearded imam stopped him.

In the afternoon, a black wind blew, shaking the earth and shaking the leaves layer by layer. When the old man saw that the cucumber was about to fall to the ground, he was very angry. He picked a cucumber and threw it into the Yellow River. The Yellow River immediately broke a line. As if he had been cut by a fairy with a knife, he clearly saw the bottom of the river. When the old man Gerd swooped down, the river suddenly joined again. The old man was tired and hungry, sitting on the river bank, blinking, and the golden flower danced wildly, knowing nothing.

At this time, the old man in Del heard the white-bearded imam say, "This cucumber is the key to conquering the Yellow River. You can cut off the Yellow River and make it listen to people. But now the Yellow River is called Yellow Wind and Black Wind, and these two Iberians are suffering. Don't be impatient, be patient and work harder. Next year, you plant another cucumber garden. When the cucumber is ripe, you pick the biggest one and throw it into the Yellow River. At that time, you walked into the cave at the bottom of the river, took off your jewels, took away the seeds of grains, and had a sword to cut dragons and demons and tame the Yellow River. Wherever it is referred to, the Yellow River water will flow. "

The next year, the hardworking old man Gerd planted another cucumber garden. He is not afraid of the long journey, and he does not hesitate to sweat like rain, carrying water from the Yellow River to water melons. Everything comes to him who waits. Finally, a three-foot cucumber grows in the garden, which looks like a key. The old man happily slept in the melon garden for a day and a night until the melon was ripe.

On this day, the weather was fine, without a cloud. Old man Wilder picked a three-foot cucumber, read "Taismi" and threw it into the Yellow River. At this time, I only heard the roar of the Yellow River, and I opened a long crack. All the stones at the bottom of the river are clearly visible. When the old man went down to the bottom of the river, he saw a hole near the river bank, where pearls and agates were everywhere. The old man took some and just left, he heard the storm whistling. At that time, the waves on the river rolled and the waves became higher and higher. The old man Gerd picked up his sword and cut dozens of swords on the left and right sides of the black whirlwind and the yellow whirlwind. After a while, black wind and yellow wind blew in the sky.

At this time, the faults of the Yellow River gradually tightened. Del's old man remembered the command of the white-bearded imam, and this sword could conquer the Yellow River. He knew very well, and he thought, I want the Yellow River to fill ditches and level mountains. Holding two swords, the old man plunged into the Yellow River, and the water in the Yellow River stopped flowing at once, as if a Great Wall had been blocked in front, but it was still rising steadily, which was really scary from a distance.

Tracing the history of the Yellow River

The water and spirit of the Yellow River have nurtured the Chinese nation. In the ancient Yellow River valley, the Chinese nation staged a series of magnificent plays to repay the kindness of the mother river.

10.5 million years ago, Houdu ape-man appeared in Ruicheng County near the Yellow River in Shanxi Province. As early as1/kloc-0 million years ago, "Lantian people" lived in the Yellow River basin. There are also "Dali people", "Dingcun people" and "Hetao people" living in the basin.

70,000 years ago, the early Homo sapiens in Ding Cun, Xiangfen, Shanxi Province, and the late Homo sapiens in Dagouwan, Uxin Banner, Inner Mongolia, 30,000 years ago played the prelude to the ancient Yellow River civilization.

The microlithic cultural sites from 10000-7000 years ago, the Neolithic cultural sites from 7000 to 3700 years ago, the bronze cultural sites from 3700 to 2700 years ago and the iron cultural sites appearing in 770 BC are almost all over the Yellow River basin. Since the Middle Stone Age, the Yellow River Basin has become the development center of ancient culture in China. Suirenshi, Fu and Shennongshi created and invented artificial fire technology, primitive animal husbandry and primitive agriculture, which opened the prelude to the development of the Yellow River civilization.

Discovery of human cultural sites in the Yellow River Basin

1? The microlithic culture. 10000 ~ 7000 years ago. Cultural sites of this era have been found in many places on the Loess Plateau, such as Shayuan in Dali, Shaanxi Province and Xia Chuan in Qinshui, Shanxi Province.

2? Neolithic culture. 7000 ~ 3700 years ago. According to the earliest discovery place and the development stage represented, it can be divided into three stages: the early Yangshao culture was discovered in Yangshao village, Mianchi, Henan Province, 7000 ~ 5000 years ago, 192 1 year ago; In the middle period, it was called Longshan Culture, which was discovered in Longshan Town, Zhangqiu, Shandong Province, 5000 to 4 100 years ago. The later period was called Erlitou culture, which was 4 100 ~ 3700 years ago. First discovered in Erlitou, Yanshi, Henan Province, it is a cultural site of Xia Dynasty.

3? Bronze culture. 3700 ~ 2700 years ago. It can be divided into three periods: the early stage is Erligang culture, that is, Zhengzhou mall culture, which is the early culture of Shang Dynasty 3620 years ago; The middle period is Yin Ruins culture, that is, Xiaotun Village culture in Anyang, Henan Province, which is roughly from14th century BC to1/century BC and belongs to the late Shang Dynasty culture. The late period is Qishan culture, which is the cultural site of the capital city of the Western Zhou Dynasty in Feng Chu Village, Qishan, Shaanxi Province.

Yangshao culture, Majiayao culture, Dawenkou culture, Longshan culture and many other ancient cultural sites are spread all over the country. These ancient cultural relics are not only numerous and complete in variety, but also developing from far to near, systematically demonstrating the development process of ancient civilization in China.

Qin Huang Hanwu, Tang Zong Song Zu, a generation of arrogant Genghis Khan, these emperors led the Chinese nation to push the ancient Yellow River civilization to the brilliant peak that attracted worldwide attention. Gunpowder, compass, papermaking, printing, Tang poetry and Song poetry, and Yuanqu are glittering treasures in the Yellow River civilization. Inventions and scientific achievements not only promoted the development of China, but also spread all over the world and promoted the progress of all mankind.

The Historical Facts of the Capital Construction of the Yellow River Basin in Past Dynasties

Yangcheng (now Dengfeng, Henan Province) was the capital of xia Dynasty, Bo (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) was the capital of Shang Dynasty, then moved to Yin (now Anyang, Henan Province), Haojing (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province) was the capital of Zhou Dynasty, Xianyang was the capital of Qin Dynasty, Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province) was the capital of Western Han Dynasty, Luoyang was the capital of Eastern Han Dynasty, Luoyang was the capital of Wei and Jin Dynasties, and Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province) was Among the "seven ancient capitals" in the history of China, Anyang, Xi, Luoyang and Kaifeng are located in the Yellow River Basin and its adjacent areas.

As early as 6000 years ago, agricultural activities began to appear in the basin. About 4000 years ago, some blood tribes were formed in the basin, among which Yan Di and Huangdi were the most powerful tribes. Later, the Yellow Emperor gained the position of leader and merged with other tribes to form the "Huaxia nationality". Later generations regard the Yellow Emperor as the ancestor of the Chinese nation. There is the Huangdi Palace in xinzheng city, Henan Province, and the Huangdi Mausoleum in huangling county, Shaanxi Province. Chinese people all over the world regard the Yellow River Basin as the cradle of the Chinese nation, calling it "Mother River" and "Four Shames", and regard the yellow land as their "root".

Every year, the Chinese people worship their ancestors at the Huangdi Mausoleum in Qiao Shan, Shaanxi Province, and countless people go to the locust tree in Hongdong, Shaanxi Province to find their roots. The Yellow River civilization, with its great cohesion and creativity, leads the Chinese nation to a bright future like the endless Yellow River.

For a long time, the political, economic and cultural center of China has been in the Yellow River Basin. The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are the earliest areas for the development of science, technology, literature and art in China. Around 2000 BC, bronzes appeared in the basin, and the bronze smelting technology of Shang Dynasty reached a fairly high level, and iron smelting began to appear at the same time, marking the development of productive forces to a new stage. The shovel and iron axe unearthed in Luoyang after a series of treatments show that China developed the softening technology of cast iron more than 2000 years earlier than European countries. China's ancient "four great inventions"-papermaking, movable type printing, compass and gunpowder-all originated in the Yellow River basin. A large number of literary classics, from the Book of Songs to Tang poetry and Song poetry, and a large number of cultural classics are also produced here. After the Northern Song Dynasty, the national economic center of gravity gradually shifted to the south, but in the process of China's political, economic and cultural development, the Yellow River basin and the plain area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River are still in an important position. The long history of the Yellow River Basin has left a very precious legacy to the Chinese nation, leaving countless places of interest, which is the pride of our nation.