There are different opinions on the theme of college students' classic reading of Tao Te Ching. From different angles, Laozi presents different faces. The mainstream school for more than two thousand years is political philosophy or management philosophy, for example, the legalist Han Feizi understands it from this angle. Han Feizi is a representative of Legalism, and his theoretical basis is Tao Te Ching. The same is true of Wang Bi in the Three Kingdoms period, who interprets Lao Zi from the perspective of management. Others interpret Laozi from a military perspective, such as Sun Tzu's Art of War; Some people say that this is the way to survive, to compromise, to be soft; Laozi's official seal sentence on the river of Tao Te Ching interprets Tao Te Ching from the perspective of health preservation, so as to cultivate one's vitality and gain enlightenment. From the immortal's point of view, Taoism in China originated from the Three Kingdoms, and The Old Xiangzi Jules written by Zhang Lu was a classic of the later Pentecostalism.
The ideological explanation of Tao Te Ching, Lv Chunqiu? Never use one word to define it, namely? Soft? Words. The Tao Te Ching sublimated the nationality of the Chinese nation through Zhouyi. Soft? As the core, it has created a complete ideal system. Summarize the ideological system of Tao Te Ching with three key words: the first one is? Natural? That is, the way things are, natural, natural. When things grow as they are, they reach the best state of life; And second? Doing nothing? Do not toss, conform to the natural nature of things. ? Doing nothing? It is not inaction, but conforming to the natural nature of things. This is the third word:? Tao? ,? Tao? It is the law, and conforming to nature is the fundamental law.
Laozi believes that invisible produces tangible things, and tangible things split into more complex things, thus producing the whole tangible world. Tao is the first driving force of the universe. It has never disappeared since it was born. It exists in all things. Because Tao always carries this vitality? One? Together, everything can develop, grow and succeed, which is to adapt to this energy. Lao Tzu believes that every tangible thing can be developed by using his inner invisible cosmic force, that is? Tao? .
Nature is the nature or natural state of things, and the external expression of the natural nature of things is called nature. ? Those who have the ability without learning are naturally also. A natural person, without a name, is extremely poor. ? Of course it is. Everything is innate, and the natural display is the essence of this thing. In Taoist view? Natural? Is the best state of everything? Tao? Through everything? Natural? Show it.
Zhuangzi and Zhuangzi, also known as Southern Classics, are classics of Chinese studies for college students, written by Zhuang Zhou and his later studies. Zhuangzi (about 369 ~ 286 BC), a famous figure in Zhou Dynasty, was once known as the fairy of the South China, and was born in Mengxian County, Suiyang (now the northeast of Shangqiu, Henan) during the Warring States Period. He used to be a lacquer garden official, but later he hated his official career and wrote in seclusion. He is a representative of Taoist school in pre-Qin period.
Zhuangzi was written in the pre-Qin period. Hanshu? The History of Literature and Art contains 52 articles, and this edition contains 33 articles. Among them, there are seven internal chapters, fifteen external chapters and eleven miscellaneous chapters. The whole book is based on? Fable? 、? Repeat? 、? Gossip? It advocates relativism as the main form of expression, inherits Laozi's theory, despises etiquette and power, and advocates freedom and freedom. This philosophical thought is reflected in the internal chapters of On Wuqi, Wandering around and The Master. Wang Yang's writing style is unrestrained, magnificent and mysterious, which is a typical work of pre-Qin philosophers.
The literati, frustrated in reality, often read Zhuangzi painfully, fantasizing about doing nothing and being wild. Wandering around? China's literati, who have ambitions beyond the clouds, are driven by Confucius' thoughts in real disputes and are condemned by Zhuangzi in their inner world. Therefore, for thousands of years, Zhuangzi has provided people with a place to settle down in the secular mind, and they have written books. Swimming? Will always be the highest state in Zhuangzi's eyes.
The earliest existing annotation is Jin Guoxiang's Notes on Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi Ji Jie, written by Guo Qingfan in Qing Dynasty, absorbed the achievements of Jin Zhiqing's annotation of Zhuangzi. Wang Xianqian's Notes on Zhuangzi in Qing Dynasty is a good annotation.