1 emotional regulation?
1. 1 "Lingshu?" Five changes ""when internal heat comes up, blood gas accumulates in the chest, muscles are full of broad skin, blood vessels are not smooth, and heat turns into heat, which eliminates skin, so it is to eliminate miliaria. "It shows that long-term mental stimulation leads to spontaneous combustion of internal fire, which burns the lungs, stomach and yin, thus promoting diseases. Because of the perennial disease, elderly patients with type 2 diabetes have frequent and serious complications, decreased social function, and feel that the family burden is aggravated, which affects the normal life of other family members and is prone to negative emotions such as depression [7], anxiety and inferiority, which is not conducive to disease treatment and disease stability. " Qian Jinfang? Nourishing theory: "Don't worry, don't be angry, don't be sad, don't be afraid ... If you can't commit a crime, you will live forever [8]", which shows that emotional regulation plays an important role in traditional Chinese medicine home care for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. ?
1.2 specific nursing measures 1. strengthen family health education for diabetes. By preaching knowledge and distributing printed materials [9], families of diabetic patients can understand the cause, harm, treatment methods and precautions of diabetes, help them face up to the disease, actively cooperate with various treatments and nursing of diabetes, and improve the treatment effect. Secondly, provide emotional support for the families of diabetic patients. Strengthen communication with the families of diabetic patients, understand their troubles and give corresponding comfort and encouragement. Let all family members participate in the formulation of TCM family care plan, enhance their sense of responsibility, and strive to create a warm and comfortable family rest environment for patients. Third, the emotional counseling of elderly patients. Guide them to "save their feelings" and "reduce their thoughts" to promote the smooth flow of qi and blood. Through traditional Chinese medicine emotional adjustment methods such as empathy, temperance and catharsis [10], patients can vent their negative emotions, overcome their inferiority complex [1 1], and cultivate their positive emotions and good behavior habits. ?
2 exercise health?
2. 1 health preservation is also called health preservation, which means preventing diseases and prolonging life through various methods. The traditional exercise regimen in China, with its unique style and advantages, is more conducive to the acceptance and implementation of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. In Huangdi Neijing, it is said that "the wise should avoid cold and heat at four seasons", which is of great significance to keep the blood sugar of diabetic patients relatively stable [12]. In family nursing, patients should be instructed to adapt to the changes of yin and yang in the four seasons, choose appropriate health preserving methods, strengthen their physique, restore their health, achieve the goal of "nourishing yang in spring and summer, nourishing yin in autumn and winter, so as to nourish their roots", improve human functions, enhance their disease resistance and achieve the goal of health and longevity. ?
2.2 Proper exercise is an important part of diabetes treatment, which plays an obvious role in improving muscle activity, improving metabolism, lowering blood sugar and preventing and delaying complications. Personalized exercise design should be provided according to the specific situation of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, and the precautions of exercise should be introduced in detail, such as light exercise starting and gradually developing; Avoid exercise on an empty stomach and carry candy with you to avoid accidents; Pay attention to cleaning after exercise. ?
3 acupuncture and massage?
3. 1 Acupuncture has the functions of relaxing meridians and dredging collaterals, harmonizing yin and yang, and strengthening the body resistance and eliminating pathogenic factors. The main pathogenesis of diabetes is dryness-heat damaging yin, and the lesions involve lung, spleen and kidney [13]. The body and function of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes have obviously declined. Acupuncture at the corresponding points of Back Shu, Foot Shaoyin and Foot Taiyin, such as Back Shu, Spleen Shu and Sanyinjiao, can play a role in regulating the overall function of human body, clearing away heat and moistening lung, nourishing yin and promoting fluid production, thus maintaining and lowering blood sugar, maintaining lung, spleen and kidney function, and preventing and treating complications. ?
3.2 Massage has the functions of relaxing meridians, dredging collaterals and regulating viscera. According to the characteristics of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, targeted nursing measures are taken, such as: pressing Zuoliangmen and Zhang Zuo Gate for those who are thirsty and drink more; For those who drink more and eat more, the focus is on Zhongwan and Jianli points, which are pushed up from Zhongwan to pharynx; For those with polyuria, the key points are water, Guanyuan and Zhongwan [14]. In addition, it can also massage the patient's abdomen, accelerate digestion and absorption, and then improve pancreatic nutrition, correct pancreatic blood supply, and restore islet function. ?
4 diet conditioning?
4. 1 Diet therapy is the basis of all diabetes treatment, and it is an indispensable preventive measure at any stage of diabetes development [15]. Some Chinese herbal medicines (such as Trichosanthis Radix, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae and Radix Ophiopogonis) have hypoglycemic effect, which can promote the uptake of glucose by adipose tissue and increase the storage of glycogen in liver. According to the pathogenesis of diabetes (yin deficiency and body fluid deficiency, excessive dryness and heat), TCM dietotherapy nursing can play the role of clearing away heat and nourishing yin, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst, thus controlling blood sugar. ?
4.2 Specific nursing measures ① Food selection: According to the physiological characteristics of elderly patients, porridge (such as rice kernels and lotus seeds) should be eaten in the diet, and hypoglycemic drugs (such as Trichosanthes root and Lycium barbarum) should be added to the porridge; Eating vegetables with low sugar content (such as cucumber and bitter gourd) can quench thirst and satisfy hunger, which can not only supplement multivitamins, but also lower blood sugar; Eating a high-fiber diet (such as pumpkin) can promote intestinal peristalsis, prevent constipation and delay the absorption of glucose in the intestine. ② Choose a proper diet according to symptoms: people with diarrhea (excessive drinking) should eat bitter gourd hypoglycemic soup and radish porridge; Those who eat less (eat more) should eat yam, coptis pollen soup and pumpkin with flowers; People with diarrhea (polyuria) should eat yam stewed lamb tripe and sorghum gouqi porridge [16]. (3) Reasonable and regular eating habits: the distribution of three meals is reasonable, and they are 1/5, 2/5, 2/5 or1/3 respectively; The food is balanced, with carbohydrate accounting for 50% ~ 60%, fat less than 15% and protein accounting for 30%. ?
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic lifelong disease, with repeated course of disease and incurable, which seriously affects the normal life, study and work of patients and their families. Elderly patients with type 2 diabetes need long-term treatment at home. It is of great practical significance to control blood sugar, prevent complications, prolong life span and improve quality of life in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes by organically combining traditional Chinese medicine treatment with home care, through emotional adjustment, exercise, acupuncture and massage, diet therapy and other methods. ?
Take the test?
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