I still remember that in 2009, a group of ordinary women workers from Shenzhen were selected as Time magazine's person of the year. At that time, China was also called "the factory of the world". Like them, migrant workers who go out of rural areas and enter factories have become one of the driving forces of China's rapid economic growth.
For women in this group, people affectionately call them "working girls".
Nowadays, China has embarked on the road of high-quality development, and the label of "world factory" has gradually faded. At this time, female migrant workers are also in transition. Many of them have left factories and entered urban families to become domestic workers.
Image source: the State Council Press Office official website screenshot
Domestic companies dig people in poor areas.
With the increase of residents' income, the arrival of an aging society and the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy, the demand for domestic service has exploded, and the domestic market in many cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen has become a seller's market. "The demand is spread out and the supply can't keep up." Hao Fuqing, deputy director of the Social Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, once described the domestic service market like this.
According to Yang Guang's report. Com, in 20 15, the total demand of domestic service market in China has exceeded 1 trillion yuan, and it is growing at a rate of 30% every year.
Taking Beijing as an example, according to the calculation of Beijing Domestic Service Association, at least 2 million families in Beijing need domestic service, among which elderly care, patient care and baby care are the most needed domestic services in Beijing, and the gap of domestic service staff reaches 6.5438+0.5 million.
Image source: Picture Network
In order to maintain a stable supply of domestic workers, more and more companies are strengthening their labor relations with other regions, and some companies even set up their own training schools in poor areas.
According to reports, like the domestic service company "Auntie is coming", more than 80 transportation bases in Shaanxi Chengcheng, Weinan, Qianshan County, Anhui Province have "injected fresh blood" and opened their own home economics university in Wuhan; Aibeijia Company has also established long-term supply contracts with Tangxian County, Hebei Province, Lvliang, Shanxi Province and Fuxin, Liaoning Province. Ainong expects to build five new labor export and training bases in xuyong county, Sichuan, Funan County, Anhui and Guyuan County, Hebei this year.
Guanjiabang revealed that since June 65438+this year 10, more than 200 people have been sent to more than 500 poverty-stricken counties. "Now it has been decided to jointly run a domestic training school with 100 counties. The scale of a county is 1000, which is the supply of 100 people. Our goal is to solve the employment problem of 200,000 people in poverty-stricken counties and build 200 schools throughout the country. Among them, there are 50,000 to 60,000 people supplying Beijing. " Fu Shuo, Vice President of China Family Service Association and Chairman of Housekeepers' Club. According to its forecast, the total domestic market demand in Beijing will increase by 20% to 30% this year.
Fu Shuo: "To win the battle against poverty, it is effective to make full use of the domestic service industry. Poor households do not need too high basic knowledge to enter the domestic industry. At the same time, in terms of income, they earn an average of six or seven thousand yuan a month, and some of them can't earn it in a year in rural areas. It can not only get rid of poverty, but also solve the shortage of domestic workers through early training and improve the professional level of domestic workers. "
Image source: Picture Network
Few people are expensive.
According to the People's Daily, the operating income of domestic service in 20 16 reached 349.8 billion yuan.
Because the rural surplus labor force (mainly rural women) accounts for about 90% of domestic workers in China, this part of the labor force will flow back from the city to the countryside during holidays and busy farming seasons, so the "nanny shortage" format is very obvious.
According to Beijing Youth Daily reported in February this year, the customer service of Beijing Zhongsheng Meide Home Economics Company said that as early as the beginning of 65438+ 10, the company had booked more than 3,000 aunts. "The closer the Spring Festival is, the more nervous the staff will be. Booking after the 25th will be enough. Now the hourly workers may not be booked. "
Zhang also said that in general, the average daily telephone consultation volume of Ainong is about 500, and the average telephone consultation volume before the Spring Festival can reach about 1000. "A large part of the consultation is due to the need for temporary hourly workers to provide cleaning or cooking services during the holiday season, and some customers need to find someone to replace or replace because the domestic servants who provide services go home during the Spring Festival."
According to People's Daily, Lu Jiehua, a sociology professor in Peking University, said: "The number of supply teams, including literacy rate and skills, obviously does not match the demand."
Image source: Picture Network
A domestic waiter is hard to find, and the gold medal salary has already exceeded 10,000. Zhang Lan, a media person with many years' experience in hiring a nanny, calculated an account: "I 10 gave birth to a child years ago. At that time, I was asked to take care of Yueyue, 800 yuan a month, which is equivalent to my salary for one month; Now my monthly salary has increased by 10 times, but my salary is only about half of theirs. "
"Domestic servant" is a formal occupation.
In a labor-intensive market, why is there such a big gap for nannies? According to People's Daily, we may be able to find the answer from the complex psychology shown by the whole society to domestic service personnel.
On the one hand, there is insufficient respect for this profession and even some discrimination; On the other hand, there are higher requirements for the quality of employees: having health certificates and knowing nursing knowledge ... For an ordinary migrant worker, it is basically impossible to become a "gold nanny" without adequate social training and good company management. In fact, as early as 2000, China defined "domestic servant" as a formal occupation and brought it into the management of the national vocational qualification certificate system.
According to the report of contemporary life, Mo Yongyun came to Nanning to work in July 1996, and did several jobs, but they didn't last long. The turning point of Mo Yongyun's life appeared at 20 10. She participated in the training of nurses and prolactinists in Nanning Greentown Southern Vocational Training School, and stayed in school as a nurse and prolactinist because of her excellent performance. On July 20 1 1, Mo Yongyun was appointed by the school to study in Wuhan Nursing School. After rigorous theoretical examination and practical examination, Mo Yongyun obtained the professional qualification certificate of "senior prolactin".
In 20 12, Mo Yongyun went to Beijing to attend a teacher training class sponsored by China Home Economics Service Association, and systematically learned basic skills such as nursing, cleaning, nutritional catering, cooking and family health care. Through the examination and thesis defense, she obtained the Qualification Certificate of Mother and Baby Training in nurse practitioner, the Qualification Certificate of Domestic Servant Training and the Qualification Certificate of China Family Service Association, and became a nanny trainer and domestic servant trainer certified by China Domestic Service Association.
After becoming a trainer, Mo Yongyun did not stop learning. From 20th to 3rd, I continued to study in the on-the-job undergraduate nursing class in guangxi university of chinese medicine. In Mo Yongyun's own words, "domestic servants should treat every customer sincerely, sincerely and truly".
Source: Netease News