Health management is a process of detecting, analyzing, evaluating and intervening the factors that endanger human health. Its purpose is to mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties, effectively use limited resources, and achieve the greatest health effect. Health management is of great significance to the national economy and people's livelihood and is a promising sunrise industry. However, it has just started in China and lacks experience. At present, there are still many difficulties, which urgently require the strong support of the government and expect the active support of all sectors of society.
Keywords: the important role of health management in people's livelihood
In recent ten years, a new industry has entered the social life of Chinese mainland. Health management? After entering people's field of vision, people often feel familiar but unfamiliar, thus generating a sense of novelty and exploration. ? Health management? What is this? Management? Those things? Why is it realized in contemporary life? What is this article about? Health management? Try to briefly explain the related problems.
1 Definition, purpose and methods of health management
1. 1 In short, health management is to control and manage human health affairs, provide services and intervene. Before people get sick, we should intervene in the factors that may endanger human health to avoid the occurrence of dangerous factors. At the beginning of the discovery of health hazards, it is necessary to prevent their gradual spread, formulate intervention plans, or nip dangerous symptoms in the bud, or take measures to control them, so as to avoid their growth and spread and prevent them from getting worse.
Many experts and scholars have expounded the definition of health management, but the basic connotation is similar, with little difference. Editor-in-chief Chen Junshi and Huang Jianshi define it as:? The whole process of comprehensively monitoring the health status of individuals and groups, and analyzing and evaluating health risk factors, providing health consultation and guiding timely intervention? . The author believes that this statement fairly defines the nature and content of health management.
1.2 The purpose of health management is to mobilize the enthusiasm of the managed and related parties, and change passive disease treatment into active preventive management, so as to effectively use limited resources to achieve the maximum health effect and improve health quality.
1.3 In order to achieve the goal, health management requires effective planning, organization, command, coordination and control of health resources, and usually adopts such means to implement management:
From the aspects of physical condition, lifestyle and living environment of health management objects, the adverse factors that may endanger health are inspected and monitored, and scientific analysis and evaluation are carried out. In view of the problems or potential hidden dangers found, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis from the perspectives of social psychology, environment, nutrition and exercise, puts forward suggestions on strengthening physical fitness and promoting health, formulates practical action plans, and guides the management objects to consciously and actively correct bad living habits and cultivate a healthy lifestyle. Improve physical fitness, prevent the breeding and development of diseases, and help and guide people to successfully and effectively maintain and promote their own health. Long-term follow-up service and continuous cycle management; Every cycle must solve some important problems, and then continue to run, urging health management objects to improve their health level. The establishment of health records to record all kinds of monitoring data and changes of the managed people in the management process can be used as a reference for future treatment in hospitals and communities, and the effect of rational drug use and cost reduction can be achieved.
It is the need of the times that health management becomes an independent industry.
The emergence of health management as an independent emerging industry stems from the urgent needs of social civilization and objective reality. From the perspective of social development and scientific progress, it has its inevitable reasons and solid foundation.
2. 1 At present, China is in a critical period of building a well-off society in an all-round way. In the future, we should put social development in a very important position, adjust the industrial structure and change the mode of economic development. The development of productive forces is inseparable from the improvement of human resources and the quality of workers. Therefore, we need to promote the all-round development of citizens more than ever before. The ideological and moral quality, scientific and cultural quality and health quality of the whole nation have been continuously improved? It will become the main goal of economic and social development in the next five years (Twelfth Five-Year Plan). Health management, which is closely related to citizens' health, is imperative to be independent of the industry. This is a major event related to the national economy and people's livelihood, the future of the country and the destiny of the nation, which cannot be ignored.
2.2 The times are progressing and civilization is progressing. Human life is the most precious, and health is the primary meaning of life. In today's increasingly affluent material life, people are no longer just satisfied with? Live, live better and have more dignity. People expect happiness and will undoubtedly pay more attention to and emphasize their health. However, with the deterioration of domestic ecology, fierce social competition has accelerated the pace of life, the per capita disposable income of residents and the cash income of farmers are low, the spread of various chronic diseases has intensified, and social security is relatively backward? Is endangering people's health. These problems, relying solely on traditional medical and health institutions and professionals, have been overwhelmed and difficult to solve. This burden of safeguarding and improving people's livelihood will inevitably fall on the shoulders of the emerging industry of health management.
2.3 China is a developing country, constrained by historical social and economic conditions, the people's health quality is not high. Expensive to see a doctor? Difficult to see a doctor? The long-term existence of "medical care system" is even worse, leaving many worrying places in the field of medical care. Chronic non-communicable diseases have become a major problem endangering public health, with one in five people suffering from incurable chronic diseases; Every 10 second, one person dies of cardiovascular disease; In the past 30 years, the death rate of lung cancer has increased five times; The number of people who died of chronic diseases has accounted for more than 80% of the national deaths due to illness.
The harsh reality shows that the rapid spread of chronic diseases is not only caused by virus infection, but also the result of a variety of abiotic risk factors. What is the biggest enemy endangering people's health today? Bacterial lesions? Into all kinds of things? Health risks? Factors; Bad lifestyle is an important cause of chronic lifestyle diseases. In view of this situation, the public's focus on health protection should shift from the diagnosis and treatment methods of doctors in large hospitals to the methods of community disease prevention and health management. It goes without saying that this is the bounden and glorious duty of the health management industry.
2.4 China's medical security system is not perfect, medical and health investment is limited, while the actual medical expenses used by Chinese people are increasing rapidly. For example: 1. The average annual personal medical expenditure 1980 was 14.5 1 yuan, and it rose to 5 12.5 yuan in 2006, with an increase of more than 30 times in 26 years (China News Network 09.12.29); 2. As early as 1994, the national expenditure on chronic diseases has exceeded the national contribution to medical and health care in that year (Oriental Life Network posted an article by Youth Daily); 3. Mao Qunan, spokesperson of the Ministry of Health, pointed out that about 80% of a person's investment in health in his life was spent on treatment one month before his death (China News Network 09.438+02.29). The sharp increase in medical expenses has overwhelmed society and people. It is not uncommon for people to get greedy because of pathological changes and return to greed because of illness, which makes people feel sympathy and heartache! Many senior experts pointed out that the human body has a development process from health to disease. From low-risk state to high-risk state, which leads to early pathological changes and clinical symptoms, its changes are often hidden and difficult to find. According to the research report of the World Health Organization, among the five major factors affecting human health, heredity accounts for 15%, natural environment accounts for 10%, social status accounts for 7%, medical conditions account for 8%, and lifestyle accounts for 60%. In human diseases, 1/3 can be avoided through preventive health care, 1/3 can be effectively controlled through early detection, and 1/3 can improve the therapeutic effect through effective information. I read an article in Shanghai Youth Daily on the Internet, which said: Clinically, early detection of liver cancer and timely operation can improve the 5-year survival rate from almost zero to 70%, and the treatment cost is only 20-25% of that for advanced treatment. It can be seen that the best way to deal with the crisis is to prevent and control it before it falls into trouble, which will certainly get twice the result with half the effort. So? Drug confrontation is not a good way to keep fit? (Yin Dakui, President of China Health Education Association); ? China1300 million people can never rely on drugs to maintain their health? (Minister of Health Zhu Chen) It's really a deaf and shocking experience! In contemporary times, maintaining people's health really requires new thinking and new methods.
2.5 At present, the average life expectancy of our population has reached 73 years. 20 10 10 An article in Workers' Daily reported that a survey conducted by China Academy of Social Sciences showed that by the end of 2009, the population over 65 years old in China had accounted for 8.3% of the total population, and in big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, there was one old man in every 5-6 people. The relevant person in charge of the China Foundation for the Development of Ageing pointed out that there are 654.38+67 billion elderly people over the age of 60 in China. The problem of the elderly is becoming more and more serious. Security? 、? Is there an elderly doctor? It has become an important livelihood issue.
When people enter old age, the tissue structure of human body is further aging, the functions of various organs are gradually declining, the body's resistance is gradually weakened, the activity ability is reduced, and it is easier to get sick. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health, the prevalence rate of chronic diseases in the elderly over 60 years old is three times that of the whole population; The disability rate is 3.6 times of the total population; Every year, the number of suicides over the age of 55 exceeds 654.38+million, which is the group with the highest suicide rate. The health resources consumed by the elderly are 1 times of the average health resources consumed by the whole population.
China society is changing to an aging society. It is estimated that by 2030, there will be one elderly person in every four people, which means that a middle-aged couple will take care of four elderly people. It is conceivable that by that time, all fields of social economy will have higher requirements for the quality of the population, especially the health level. Looking forward to the future and keeping pace with the times, the health management industry is the key opportunity to show its talents. People expect health management to give full play to its social function and contribute to the prosperity of the country and the nation.
3 characteristics of health management
From the origin of health management, its social function, social status and role, we will infer that it has the following characteristics:
3. 1 Health management consists of many affairs, many of which touch all aspects of the social field, and are inextricably linked with schools (health education), labor (occupational disease prevention), sports (fitness), environmental protection (living environment), health, hospitals, epidemic prevention (prevention, detection and treatment) and other industrial institutions. Nowadays, health management has become an independent emerging industry. In the process of planning, organizing, directing, coordinating and controlling all kinds of health resources, it is still inseparable from the support and cooperation of relevant industries, departments and institutions. ? Many people in chaos, many dragons in drought? Can't appear? Three monks have no water to eat? Phenomenon, it is necessary to avoid mutual buck-passing, but also to prevent wrangling, the whole society should pay attention to active help, form a joint force, and promote the gradual maturity and prosperity of health management.
3.2 In a sense, today's health management industry comes from the traditional medical and health system, or they are very similar to a pair of conjoined babies; They all bear the function of maintaining people's health; There are also many similarities in operation mode and professional operation method; Even employees engaged in health management, most of them have received medical education or have the ability of clinical treatment, which can be integrated and infiltrated with each other. However, the professional division of labor between these two industries is different after all, and there are obvious differences. ? Diagnosis and treatment of diseases are the work of clinicians, not health managers? . Therefore, health management workers must first make clear their occupations and respect their professional laws; Must highlight their own characteristics, closely around? Prevention? 、? Intervention? The center gives full play to the role of health resources and achieves the best performance. If we confuse the functional boundaries of the industry, even expand the site at will, seize the market, respect and follow the treatment model of traditional hospitals, and reverse the center of gravity, we will lose our competitive advantage, lose our vitality and fall into a state of self-decline.
3.3 Health management takes the protection of people's health as its own responsibility, which is related to the national economy and people's livelihood and is a major event to improve and protect people's livelihood. Of course, it has a strong public interest. Now it is undertaken by a third-party service organization other than traditional medical institutions; It has only been about ten years since it became an independent industry, and it lacks experience. Basically, it operates in a self-financing and private business manner. Social awareness is not high. In addition, the initial operating costs are high, and people's spending power is limited. At present, there are fewer people receiving services, mainly concentrated in high-end people with economic income. So most health management service companies are struggling. Cold in front of the door? Its professional function has not been brought into play obviously, and its social influence is still weak. This embarrassing situation of narrow living space and insufficient development vitality needs to be reversed urgently; I am eager for the government to lend a helping hand, bring health management into the overall situation of medical reform, and give strong support and help in generating policies, capital investment and supporting projects.
4. Enhance health management awareness
People cherish life and look forward to health; Health management can keep people away from diseases and keep them healthy. However, many people don't know enough about health management, and they ignore prevention before discovering diseases. Influenced by traditional ideas, cherish money to make money? I can't bear to spend money on health services, even thinking that I don't have steroids or diseases, so why spend money on prevention?
In this regard, we should increase publicity to make the concept, function and benefit of health management deeply rooted in people's hearts and let families want to know; Improve the social awareness of health management, guide the public to enhance health care awareness, develop a healthy lifestyle, and build a healthy? Four cornerstones? That is, reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, psychological balance and active disease prevention; Don't wait until you are sick to pay passive attention to your health.
According to Qilu Evening News reported on June 6th, 2065438+00, Dr. Igrona, who won the 1998 Nobel Prize in Medicine, told this reporter in Qingdao a few days ago. 90% of human diseases are caused by unhealthy living habits of modern people? Therefore, he attaches great importance to cultivating a good lifestyle. According to the survey of the World Health Organization, if the cost of reaching the same health standard is calculated, for every extra investment in prevention 1 yuan, the treatment can reduce 8.5 yuan and save the rescue cost of 100 yuan. Spending a small amount of money on early health management can significantly reduce the risk of illness and even save huge expenses in the later treatment stage. In order to maintain our health and improve our quality of life, we should not only establish a scientific, healthy and reasonable lifestyle, but also invest some funds reasonably to participate in the use of health management services.
Health management is closely related to everyone. It serves and benefits the public. The whole society should pay attention to health management, please actively support it and everyone should participate. I expect and believe that this will become the knowledge of today's society.