Current location - Health Preservation Learning Network - Health preserving class - Nutrition knowledge popular science carbohydrate
Nutrition knowledge popular science carbohydrate
Scientific knowledge of nutrition, carbohydrates.

Carbohydrate consists of three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Together with similar products and protein, they are called "three major productivity nutrients".

Classification of carbohydrates; Carbohydrate is a large class of organic compounds, and the degree of polymerization is divided into sugar, oligosaccharide and polysaccharide.

Sugar (1~2 sugar molecules).

Monosaccharide: glucose, galactose, fructose.

Disaccharides: sucrose, lactose, maltose, trehalose.

Sugar alcohols: sorbitol, mannitol.

Oligosaccharides (3~9 sugar molecules).

Isomaltooligosaccharide: maltodextrin.

Other oligosaccharides: raffinose, stachyose, fructooligosaccharides.

Polysaccharide (10 sugar molecule).

Starch: amylose, amylopectin and modified starch.

Non-starch polysaccharide: cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, hydrocolloid.

Physiological functions of carbohydrates: storing and providing energy; Constitute body tissues and important life substances; Save protein; Copper resistance effect; Detoxification; Enhance intestinal function.

Dietary reference intake.

Energy supply ratio of carbohydrates: 50%~65%.

Food sources: the main sources of starch in good food are grains and potatoes; The main sources of monosaccharide and disaccharide are sucrose, candy, sweets, cakes, sweet fruits, sugary drinks and honey.

Blood sugar index

It is an index to measure the influence of a certain food or a certain dietary component on blood sugar concentration; G-induced food or diet is digested quickly and absorbed completely after entering the gastrointestinal tract, and glucose enters the blood rapidly, and the blood glucose concentration fluctuates greatly; The food or diet with low G 1 stays in the gastrointestinal tract for a long time and is released slowly. After the grape pond enters the blood, the peak value is low, the decline speed is slow, and the blood concentration fluctuates slightly.