There are more than ten kinds of deep-sea fish, such as tiger grouper, green grouper, pink grouper, Jiali fish, Majia fish and safflower fish. The most common fish in restaurants are groupers, including sesame spots, sea tiger spots, oil spots, green spots and oriental star spots. These fish belong to groupers, but they are far from each other in appearance. East Star Spot is a great beauty among stone spots, with flaming scales and small blue stars. The output is not large, because it is very expensive, mostly from 300 to 500 yuan. Tiger Spot is dressed in white tiger skin stripes. Its meat is white and tender, and it tastes very delicious. There are also some groupers that are ugly, such as Laoban fish, which is often said in northern seafood restaurants. The whole body is uneven, which is unbearable to witness. But this fish doesn't move easily. It crawls under the water all day, and its eyes never turn around, so it looks calm, hence its name. In addition, the most common fish is semi-fin fish, which is also divided into left-handed fish and turbot. This kind of fish is flat and ugly, but it swims like a big butterfly, a deep-sea fish.
Nice gesture. The most precious fish in seafood pool belongs to Napoleon wrasse, which can be divided into big Napoleon wrasse and small Napoleon wrasse. The weight of big Napoleon wrasse can reach eight or nine catties. The yield of small Samui is extremely low, and the price can be as high as 600-800 yuan per catty. In the seafood restaurant, you can also see small fish species close to seafood, such as marlin, sand tip fish, yellow crucian carp, small yellow croaker, silver pomfret and so on. These fish are abundant and mostly chilled, so the price is very cheap. But their meat is white, delicate and delicious. Now there are fewer large yellow croakers, but it is said that they can be caught in moderation and can eat really fresh large yellow croakers again.
Linear eel family
Family name: Nitidae distribution: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean depth distribution: Habitat characteristics of medium-deep benthos: the snout is extremely long, and the mature male fish jaw is shorter than the upper jaw and cannot be closed. The eyes are usually very long, and the pectoral fin, dorsal fin, gluteal fin and caudal fin are connected together. The number of vertebrae in Labrichthys and Avocettina is between 170-220; Nanofish has more than 750 vertebrae. There are 3 genera and 9 species in the world, and there are 1 genus and 1 species in Taiwan Province province. Commonly known as line eel, it is called because its body length is as slender as eel, but it is thinner than eel and as slender as line.
Skullidae
Family name: Ophiopogonidae Distribution: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean Depth Distribution: Biological characteristics of the middle and deep seabed: dorsal fin is longer than or equal to anal fin, and anal and anal fin are located below pectoral fin. Many species have thorns on their gills. The largest species, Lamprogrammus shcherbachevi, can grow to 2 meters. There are 47 genera and 2 18 species in the world, and 5 genera and 7 species in Taiwan Province province. This family is widely distributed, and can be found in the seabed from 100m to 2000 m. In the deep sea, species and even eyes degenerate into deep-sea fish with no or only flaps.
Traces, different in appearance, but all are benthic fish, belonging to the widespread family.
Fistulidae
Family name: Cystidae distribution: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean depth distribution: deep-sea benthic habitat characteristics: orbital sphenoid bone, ventral fin 1 hard spine, soft strip 6-7; Hard spines of dorsal fin 3-8, soft strips10-19; Gluteal fin hard spines 2-3, soft strips 8- 12. Abdominal scales have scales and ridges. The scale of species varies greatly, and some species have luminous bodies, the maximum length of which is 55cm. There are 8 genera and 44 species in the world, but there are 3 genera and 3 species in Taiwan Province Province. The distribution depth of fishes in this family ranges from 100 m to1500 m. In some areas (such as Australia), there is a species of fishes in this family which is an important fishing target, and the catch can even reach hundreds of metric tons. However, only a few species have been caught in Taiwan Province Province, and its fish resources are still to be developed.
Synbranchia
Family name: Synaptbranchiaceae Distribution: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean Depth Distribution: Biological characteristics of the middle and deep seabed: gill holes are located in front of pectoral fins and below the body, and a few pectoral fins are degraded. The number of vertebrae is 1 10-205. Others: There are 9 genera and 30 species in the world, and 4 genera and 8 species in Taiwan Province Province. As the name implies, the gill holes on both sides of the fin are separated, but the flaps outside the gill are connected together, which is called the combination of the two cheeks.
Neocalyculidae
Family name: NeoSparidae geographical distribution: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean depth distribution: Deep-sea benthic habitat characteristics: flat body, slender maxilla, composed of three cartilage, no mandible. The starting point of the gluteal fin is far from the dorsal fin. Some species have luminous bodies. Most of them are round scales, Solivomer is comb scales, Scopelengys is not swim bladder, and others have swim bladders. The number of vertebrae is 29-35, with a maximum of 30cm. Others: There are 3 genera and 6 species of * * * in the world, but there are currently 3 species of 1 genus in Taiwan Province Province. Fish in this family are very similar to Carnivora, and most of them have luminous bodies. However, the fish in this family are very large and reddish, which can be distinguished from the fish in the carnivorous family.
Bottlefish family
Family name: Myctophidae geographical distribution: worldwide depth distribution: benthic characteristics of middle and deep layers: lipid fin is supported by discoid cartilage of mandible. The starting point of the gluteal fin is below or behind the dorsal fin. The head and body have a whole row or several groups of luminous bodies, but only one does not. Most of them are round scales, 4 are comb scales, and all of them have deep-sea fish.
The number of vertebrae is 28-45. Others: There are 225 species of 3 1 genus in the world, but there are 5 genera 17 species in Taiwan Province Province at present. There are many kinds of fishes in this family, but all of them are about 5cm in size, and they are important prey for other carnivorous fishes in the ocean. Many studies have confirmed that it has daily vertical migration, the migration distance is even more than hundreds of meters, and its abundance is between 300- 1200m, and it is the most in the daytime. The maximum at night is 10 to100 m.
Blackhead fish
Family name: distribution of Lithopods: depth distribution of Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean: habitat characteristics of benthic organisms in deep sea: small teeth and long gill rakes. The fin number of gill cover bone is 5- 13. Many species live in the water layer above1000m ... Others: There are 95 species belonging to 17 in the world, but there are 2 genera and 3 species in Taiwan Province Province. This family is characterized by the different colors of the head and body. The common species is blackhead fish, commonly known as oily fish.
Red-billed whales
Family Name: Arowana Distribution: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean Depth Distribution: Deep-sea benthic habitat characteristics: box head, smooth skin surface. The lateral line consists of 14-26 groups of vertical sensory holes. There are 3 cartilages in the tail and 24-27 vertebrae. Others: There are two species of 1 genus in the world, and there are 1 genus 1 species in Taiwan Province Province at present. This family has no scales, and the lateral sensitive pores are arranged vertically.
Juvenile cod family
Family name: geographical distribution of the family Moridae: worldwide depth distribution: benthic characteristics: dorsal fin one to two, few three, gluteal fin one to two. The mandible must exist or not exist if it has good teeth. The swim bladder is connected to the otolith to collect sound. Others: There are 87 species of 18 genus in the world, and 3 genera and 5 species in Taiwan Province Province. This family is a benthic fish, distributed in shallow water to 2500m m, and the ventral surface of this family often has a luminous device, which is black. Deep-sea fish of Sparidae: Sparidae distribution: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean depth distribution: deep seabed characteristics: no lateral lines, no spines on dorsal fin and gluteal fin. Dorsal fin soft strip 24, gluteal fin 19-22 soft strip. There are scales and ridges on the abdomen. The number of vertebrae is 20-32, and the longest is 37 cm. Others: There are 3 genera and 4 species in the world, and 2 genera and 2 species in Taiwan Province Province.
Wide throat fish
Family name: Scarabaeidae distribution: depth distribution in Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean: Habitat characteristics of deep-sea benthos: gill holes are small, and the distance from snout is longer than that from anus. The number of gill bones is 5, and the number of visceral free bones is 6. Mouth is big, teeth are small, pectoral fins are not obvious. Others: There are 1 genus 1 species in the world, but there are 1 genus 1 species in Taiwan Province Province at present. There is a luminous body on the back, and there is no vertical migration.
Marine lizard family
Family name: Halosauridae geographical distribution: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean depth distribution: Characteristics of benthic organisms: the front upper jaw and jaw have teeth, the dorsal fin is in front of the anus, and there are 9- 13 soft strips without hard spines. The concave lateral line extends all over the body, and the lateral line holes with large scales are on both sides of the body, with about 30 lateral line scales. Others: There are 3 genera 15 species in the world, but currently 1 genus 1 species is found in Taiwan Province Province.
Fistula department
Family name: Ipnopidae Distribution: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean Depth Distribution: Deep seabed habitat characteristics: small eyes or degenerated into a disc. No pyloric prolapse, dorsal fin soft strip 8- 16, gluteal fin soft strip 7- 19, pectoral fin soft strip 9-24. The number of gills is 8- 17, and the number of vertebrae is 44-80. There are 18 species of nettles with slender pectoral fins, ventral fins and caudal fins. Others: There are 6 genera and 29 species in the world, but there are 2 species of 1 genus in Taiwan Province Province at present. The fishes of this family belong to benthic fishes. They will stand on the bottom of the sea, with their ventral fins and caudal fins protruding in a triangle shape, so there is another common name, namely triangular fish.
Fistula department
Name of family: geographical distribution of plaice: distribution of other oceans except Mediterranean Sea and Arctic Ocean: characteristics of benthic organisms: dorsal fin has 1-3 microprotrusions, pectoral fin has 1 hard spines and 6-8 soft strips. There are 3-4 spines at the front end of caudal fin. It has round scales, which are large but easy to fall off. There is no lateral line or only 1-2 lateral line holes, and the number of vertebrae is 24-3 1. Others: There are 87 species 18 genera in the world, and currently there are 1 genera and 1 species in Taiwan Province Province. The eye has an orbital sphenoid bone,
Dorsal fin fish
Family name: Notacanthidae Distribution: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean Depth Distribution: Habitat characteristics of benthic organisms in the deep sea: both sides of the lateral line are convex with small scales, with at least 50 in each row. Some kinds of ventral fins have three needle-like fins. It feeds on benthos (such as polychaetes and coelenterates) and planktonic crustaceans. The number of females is larger than that of males, and the larger narrow-headed juvenile fish may belong to this family. Others: There are 3 genera 10 species in the world, but there are 1 genus 1 species in Taiwan Province Province at present.
Whale imitation family
Family name: Cetomimidae Distribution: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean Depth Distribution: Habitat characteristics of deep-sea benthos: the epidermis is scaleless, the eyes are small or degenerate into traces. Branchial harrow 3 or 4, without illuminator, only around anus, with concave tissue at the bottom of dorsal fin and gluteal fin. The number of vertebrae is 38-59. At birth, the body surface color is brown or orange. Others: There are 9 genera and 20 species in the world, but there are 1 genus and 1 species in Taiwan Province.
Lepidoptera umbrella subfamily
Family name: Setarchidae geographical distribution: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean depth distribution: Habitat characteristics of deep-sea benthos: the dorsal fin of cetaceans has 1 1- 13 hard spines, which are partly poisonous, but this subfamily is characterized by continuous grooves on the lateral line, round scales on the body and inconspicuous suborbital ridges. Others: There are 3 genera and 5 species in the world, and 2 genera and 2 species in Taiwan Province Province. The fishes of this family belong to Cetaceae, while the shallow water Cetaceans and the common name stone dog or stone fish have high economic value because of their delicious meat, while the deep water Cetaceans have poor appearance and meat quality and have no economic value.
Limulus
Family name: Bothidae Distribution: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean Depth Distribution: Characteristics of benthic organisms: Most species have both eyes on the left side of their bodies. The fin has no hard spines, and the starting point of the dorsal fin is above or in front of the eye. Dorsal fin and gluteal fin are not connected with caudal fin, and anus is on the blind side. Egg yolk has a small oil ball, and most varieties have economic value. Others: There are 265,438+0 genera and 65,438+054 species in the world, but 27 species of 65,438+02 genera have been found in Taiwan Province Province. The fishes of this family are widely distributed and are one of the important fish resources in shallow sea area. The species in the deep sea are soft, perishable, difficult to preserve and have low edible value.
Edit this nutrition
According to the research of the Department of Agriculture of Tokyo University, the protein content of deep-sea fish is the same as that of general marine fish, but the lipid is generally less, so deep-sea fish is a low-fat and high-protein food. The essential amino acid composition of protein is almost the same as that of bonito, mackerel and sardine, and they are all completely protein.
European crucian carp
Crucian carp has the functions of invigorating qi and spleen, inducing diuresis to reduce swelling, clearing away heat and toxic materials, dredging collaterals and promoting lactation. Patients with ascites use fresh crucian carp and red beans to make soup, and the effect is remarkable. Simmer fresh crucian carp and pig's trotters together and eat soup together, which can cure puerpera's hypogalactia. Crucian carp oil is beneficial to cardiovascular function, and can also reduce blood viscosity and promote blood circulation.
carp
Carp has the functions of invigorating spleen, stimulating appetite, promoting diuresis, relieving swelling, relieving cough and asthma, preventing miscarriage and promoting lactation, and clearing away heat and toxic materials. Carp, wax gourd and onion are boiled in soup to treat nephritis edema. Scaled carp, intestinal impurities, slow fire stew, respectively, to treat jaundice. Taking live carp and pettitoes soup to treat hypogalactia of pregnant women. Carp and Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae are boiled in small soup to cure cough and asthma.
Silver carp
Silver carp has the effects of warming middle warmer and benefiting qi, warming stomach and moistening skin, and is a health food for warming middle warmer and benefiting qi.
black carp
Black herring has the functions of invigorating qi, nourishing stomach, eliminating dampness, promoting diuresis, expelling wind and relieving annoyance. The trace elements such as zinc and selenium contained in it help to fight cancer.
Grass carp; Buji fish
Grass carp has the functions of warming stomach, calming liver and expelling wind, and is a health food that warms the middle warmer and tonifies deficiency.
Fawei
Hairtail has the effects of warming stomach, nourishing deficiency, moistening skin, expelling pathogenic wind, killing insects and nourishing five internal organs, and can be used for adjuvant treatment of persistent hepatitis and chronic hepatitis. Patients with hepatitis can take the upper layer oil after steaming fresh hairtail, and long-term use can improve the symptoms.
Edit this paragraph development research
In the past, the research on fish in Taiwan Province Province mainly focused on the classification and biological investigation of coral reef fish and its economic fish in the offshore area. On the other hand, the collection and research of deep-sea fish are relatively lacking, mainly because there are no boats and nets that can collect deep-sea fish, and only a few are found on bottom-towed fishing boats that can be towed to 600-700 meters. The Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, under the guidance of MUSORSTOM, France, purchased 10,000-meter-long steel cables and installed them on the "Haiyang No.1" research ship, which enables bottom trawls (beam trawls and single trawls) to work in the depth of several thousand meters on the seabed. In addition, we also designed and made the Intermediate Net (IKMT) by ourselves, so that the study of deep-sea creatures is no longer limited to the collection of benthic fish. During the five voyages in the past year, more than 65,438+050 species of deep-sea fish were caught, including: Shiprepairing Dentata, Megadontidae, Animalidae, Chondrichthyes and deep-sea fish. ? ? ? Suborder, ... Wait. In this exhibition, we selected all kinds of exotic deep-sea fish belonging to 18 families. In addition to introducing the above four groups individually, we also made a comprehensive introduction here.