1958
May 1, pilot TV program of Beijing TV Station.
On June 1 day, the newsreel filmed by the reporter, Red Flag Magazine, the central organ newspaper of China, premiered. This news was shot with 16 mm film reversal film.
On June 15, China's first TV series "A Cake" was broadcast, marking the beginning of China TV series. Since then, China TV series has gone through the initial stage of 8 years in the form of black and white and live broadcast.
On June 19, Beijing TV successfully broadcasted the friendship match between Bayi Men's Basketball Team and Beijing Men's Basketball Team for the first time, which was also the first time that a sports match was televised in New China.
65438+1 October1,65438+February 20th, Shanghai TV Station and Harbin TV Station came out one after another. This is the first batch of TV stations in China.
1 973 may1day, Beijing TV conducted a pilot broadcast of color TV for the audience in the capital.
1979 65438+1On October 28th, Shanghai TV station broadcasted the first commercial advertisement in Chinese mainland-"Yang Rong wine with tortoise". Shoot with 16 mm color film with a length of 1 min for 30 seconds.
1980 July 12, CCTV launched the news commentary column "Observation and Thinking", and Xiao Pang appeared on the TV screen as the first TV presenter in China. Is the pioneer of focus interview.
1983 During the Spring Festival, CCTV officially launched the Spring Festival Evening. Since then, watching the Spring Festival Gala on the 30th has become a new folk custom in China.
1990 On April 18, Hunan Cable Radio and Television Station, the first provincial cable TV station in China, began its pilot broadcast. The establishment of cable TV station broke the situation that wireless TV dominated the world.
1 994 65438+1October1,Shanghai Oriental Pearl TV Tower was completed, with a height of 460m, second only to Toronto TV Tower (553.3m) and Hostains Dino TV Tower (533.3m). As a persuasion skill and propaganda concept, "entertaining through education" has a history of thousands of years in both East and West, but as an entertainment education theory, it has only entered the field of mass communication in recent decades. At the same time, in the developed countries in Europe and America, Latin America and other third world countries, entertainment and educational TV series has long been an important type of TV series, which not only contributes greatly to social development, but also attracts people's attention in economic benefits, and has formed a relatively complete set of entertainment and educational theories and systematic operation methods in related planning, production, communication and social impact assessment. Tracing back to the starting point of modern western entertainment education theory, we can't help but say a Peruvian TV series "Simple Maria". From 65438 to 0969, the Peruvian TV series Simple Maria caused a great sensation when it was broadcast in Latin America. The play tells the story of a poor rural girl who became the owner of a famous fashion shop through personal struggle. Maria went from her hometown in the Andes to work as a maid in a rich family in Lima, the capital, and was lured by a rich man and abandoned. After pregnant Maria was fired, she worked during the day and went to night school at night. She tried to raise her children. In the adult school, teacher esteban's mother taught Maria sewing skills, which enabled her to find a job in a local sewing shop. With diligence and cleverness, Maria climbed the ladder of success step by step, finally went to Paris, became a famous fashion designer, and opened her own fashion shop in Paris. After more than 20 years of long-distance love, Maria finally married her teacher esteban, who has been helping him. The play has a total length of 448 episodes, each episode is 1 hour, and five versions have been broadcast in Latin America. The average ratings in Peru have reached 85% (some dramas even reached 100%), and Mexico has reached 56% (the ratings of the most popular TV series in Mexico at that time were 35%). In the last episode, Maria and esteban got married, and the ratings even exceeded the football World Cup finals. For many years, it has been regarded as the most popular TV series in Latin America. The broadcast of "Simple Maria" has produced unexpected effects on the audience: no matter where the film is broadcast, maids will follow Maria's example and ask their owners to take a holiday at night to go to literacy night schools, showing unusual enthusiasm for learning sewing; In Latin American countries, the number of people attending adult schools has greatly increased; Many city people also know the difficulties of rural maids and sympathize with them very much, calling them Maria. Maria's "singer" sewing machine was also robbed in the market. Another unintentional result of this TV series is the emergence of entertainment education theory and entertainment education TV series. Sabido, director of Mexican national television network Tevlvisa, was encouraged by the powerful effect of this drama. He pointed out that it is absurd to think that TV advertisements can persuade us to drink Coca-Cola, but the following soap operas can't educate us. If TV can teach us a kind of consumption behavior, then it can also educate us about social behavior. " So in the five years from 1970 to 1974, Sabido, his sister (a teacher and TV producer of Televisa) and several colleagues created a theory-based methodology to design an education-oriented commercial soap opera. During this period, his research team spent two years analyzing the Peruvian version of Simple Maria scene by scene, looking for the mysterious reasons for the great success of this TV series. 1974, they summed up a set of production methods of entertainment and education TV series, and produced seven entertainment and education programs from 1975 to 1982, which are broadcast in Tevlvisa every year. Each program revolves around a development theme, such as adult education, family planning, women's equality, children's development and so on. Each of his TV plays has achieved high ratings and commercial success, and achieved obvious educational effects. During the first broadcast of 1975, 840,000 adults entered literacy schools. The second TV series Acompdfiame encourages 560,000 Mexicans to enter family planning clinics. From 1977 to 1986, during the entertainment and educational drama broadcast in Sabido, the population growth rate of Mexico decreased by 34%, so Mexico won the United Nations Population Award of 1986. Donnelly, the representative of the United Nations Development Programme in Mexico, said: "No matter where you go in Mexico, when you ask people where they learned about family planning, or what made them decide to have family planning, the answer is always attributed to the TV series broadcast by Televisa." Sabido's success has attracted the attention of many international organizations. With the support of international organizations, the production technology of entertainment and educational drama spread to India in 1984, to Kenya and the Philippines in 1986, and to Nigeria, Tanzania and Bangladesh after 1987. India has launched educational soap operas Hum Log (1984) and Hum Raahi (1992), which mainly focus on women's status and family harmony. Kenya launched a family planning TV series "Let's Discuss" (Tushauriane, 1986), South Africa launched a radio drama "City of the Soul" against domestic violence and women's equality, and the Philippines promoted teenagers' awareness of sexual responsibility through rock music. Entertainment education has expanded from TV series to radio dramas, movies, dramas, photographic novels, humorous books and other media forms, thus creating a developing entertainment education strategy, which has been promoted in more than 50 countries around the world. In the United States, Japan and other developed countries, entertainment and educational dramas have also caused great sensation, but due to the different levels of social and economic development, their focus is more on social issues such as morality, culture and race. Japan 1983 NHK broadcast the TV series "A Xin" to let Japan's over-indulgent modern youth know the sacrifices made by the older generation. The play records all kinds of hardships that A Xin experienced in his long life and shows his indomitable spirit. In Japan, the audience rating reached a record 65%. This work emphasizes the themes of love, forgiveness, sacrifice and patience, which has attracted worldwide attention. The film was released in 47 countries, which set off a "A Xin whirlwind" sweeping the world. Thailand's ratings reached 8 1%, and reached a record 89% when it was broadcast in China, Iran and Mexico. Many viewers reported that they benefited a lot from this TV series. In the United States, ABC's 8-episode series Roots, broadcast on 1977, focused on the struggle of American blacks for freedom under slavery, with an audience of 65,438+200 million. It was the highest-rated TV series in 1970' s ... all people in the family by CBS was humorous. 1988 the TV movie "the day after tomorrow" has greatly strengthened the attitude of the American people against nuclear war. There is even a special group of "Hollywood lobbyists" in the United States, who hold activities in Hollywood to influence film and television producers and let them add social education issues to their works. This shows the importance attached to entertainment and educational drama.