The first chapter introduces camera skills.

It is best to hold the camera with both hands, which is definitely more stable than one hand, or use something that can be supported by you or prepare a camera tripod. In any case, it is to minimize the shaking of the picture, and it is the most taboo to shoot while walking, which is also the most common mistake. This shooting method is only used under special circumstances. It must be remembered that the stability of the picture is the first requirement of dynamic photography. Fixed lens simply means shooting at a fixed point after the lens is aimed at the target, instead of zooming in and out or sweeping up, down, left and right, setting the picture size and starting recording. Usually, when shooting, the fixed lens is mainly used, without too much zoom action, which does not affect the stability and change of the picture, that is, the size and depth of field of the scene are changed by different framing sizes or different angles and positions. Simply put, when shooting a panorama, the camera moves forward a little, and the position changes, such as the side, height, low position and other different positions to show the effect. But remember not to stand at a fixed point and zoom in and out with a zoom lens, which is a common problem in many V8 families. Using more fixed lenses when shooting can increase the stability of the picture. When shooting one picture at a time, connect pictures of different sizes and make the pictures bigger and smaller with less zoom. Unless you fix them with a tripod, long-distance zooming will definitely lead to picture jitter. If you can master the above principles, your work will be more visible. Isn't the zoom lens useless to the hero when shooting? Not exactly. It's just the skill and timing. The use of manual function is different because of the different designs of various models, so the items and methods that can be used manually are also different. Only the common skills of brightness and focal length are explained here. 1. The manual brightness level function first explains the manual brightness level function. When shooting backlight and night scene, if shooting in full automatic mode, the former must be that the subject or character is all black and the background is bright, while the latter is that the lights are blurred in the dark. I won't discuss the principle here. In order to solve the above problems, the best way is to press the backlight correction function key. If this function is not available, switch the fully automatic mode to manual mode. Find the brightness level key and adjust the brightness of the picture. Brighten it when it is backlit and dim it at night. Usually, data will be displayed on the viewer or LCD screen in graphics or modes. Of course, the best way is to look at the picture directly on the viewer or LCD screen and adjust it to the appropriate brightness. So when you buy a video camera, be sure to let the store guide you how to use this function. 2. Manual focus adjustment function Normally, autofocus is used for shooting, but in special circumstances, such as barbed wire, glass, and people moving between targets. Often the focus of the picture will be blurred, because in the case of autofocus, the camera will judge the distance according to the signal reflected by the front object and then adjust the focal length, so this will happen. Therefore, as long as the autofocus is switched to manual and the focus is locked in a fixed position (please refer to the instruction manual for different display modes and adjustment modes of brands), the focus will not change. How to use zoom lens Video recorders and cameras also have zoom lenses, but the biggest difference is that the camera can zoom while shooting and change the size of the picture. For example, if you want to shoot a distant target, you can zoom in with a zoom lens and take a closer look. When you zoom in to the required image size, just press the video button to take the required image. Just like the way of fixed lens shooting. So when is the right time to use zoom when shooting? When you want to express the position of an object or a person, for example, pull a candle closer for about 3 seconds, then slowly shrink it, and the picture gradually appears as a cake filled with candles. This action makes the picture more vivid and interesting. You don't need to describe and explain. You can see what the photographer wants to say and what it means from the change of the picture. This is called "lens language". On the contrary, if you shoot with zoom, it is intended to explain a specific target or person. For example, at the beginning of the picture, a group of children are performing a panoramic dance. After a few seconds, the picture gradually approached the bust of one of the children, and then the camera followed him. This kind of shooting is like telling you that this child is my son, which is intended to guide the viewer what you are shooting. These two commonly used strokes have their own meanings, which are used properly and have the effect of making the finishing point. On the other hand, I don't know what to say, aimlessly like a headless fly, the camera is flying everywhere. Abuse of zoom lens and repeated shooting as the picture is near and far is a common taboo for many V8 families. Remember to zoom in or out, pause each time you do it, and then start shooting from a different angle or picture. From now on, try to change the shooting mode, enjoy the fun of shooting and appreciate the results of shooting. I believe you will often encounter pictures that can't take a panoramic view of the scene. At this time, you must scan the camera from right to left or from left to right, which is one of the advantages of the camera. But when many people do this action, the picture often swings from side to side or when it is fast or slow, and it looks very unsmooth. These problems mainly occur in the wrong way of body rotation, or the rotation angle is too large, which leads to hesitation and cannot be achieved overnight. The correct way is to take the waist as the dividing point, with the lower body motionless and the upper body moving. Just like when you want to cross the road, look around to see if there is a car coming. It is reasonable to turn your head left and right below your shoulders. For example, if you want to shoot a scene, you need to scan from point A to point B. First, turn your body towards point B, then turn your upper body towards point A. At this time, the camera is facing the direction of point A, then press the video button to record for 5 seconds, and then slowly scan back to point B. After positioning, continue recording for 5 seconds, and then turn it off. Many people will ask, how fast is the scanning speed? In fact, there is no certain standard, depending on the richness of the scenery in the range you want to scan. If you shoot a static scene, the speed can be faster, but the principle is to see the content clearly. If the framing content is dynamic and rich, the speed can be slower. The above methods are only for reference when shooting, and the most important thing is practice and experience. Also remember to decide what to shoot before you start shooting, instead of driving the camera around looking for the target.

The second chapter is the first element of camera shooting. The stability of the picture is the first element of camera shooting.

Keeping the picture stable is the most basic and important requirement for shooting. Whether pushing, pulling, shaking, moving, leaning, tilting or zooming, we always work around how to keep the picture stable. The main factor affecting the stability of the picture comes from the stability of the photographer. Mastering the correct method of holding a camera is a basic skill for every photographer. Only when you have excellent basic skills can you shoot well and produce high-level video works. The pose requirement of hand-held camera affects the stability of the picture mainly because of the photographer's grip stability. Mastering the correct method of holding the camera is a basic skill for every cameraman. Only with excellent basic skills can we be handy in video recording and shoot high-level video works. When shooting while standing, hold the camera tightly with both hands, relax your shoulders and tighten your right elbow to your side. Lift the camera slightly above the chest. Hold the camera with your left hand to help stabilize the camera, and take a comfortable and stable posture to ensure that the camera is stable. Legs are naturally separated, about shoulder width, toes slightly outward, stand firm and keep balance. When shooting in kneeling position, the left knee touches the ground, the right elbow rests on the right knee, and the left hand still holds the camcorder, which can obtain the best stability. In the shooting scene, you can also use fixed objects such as tables, chairs, trunks and walls to take local materials to support and stabilize the body and machine. Correct posture is not only beneficial to the vertical machine, but also can avoid the fatigue caused by long-term shooting. The stability of the machine is in direct proportion to its weight. Nowadays, DV machines are getting smaller and smaller, and palm-sized machines abound, which can be easily lifted with one hand. Because of its small size, many people simplify the essentials. I don't know. The smaller the machine, the more unstable it is. The more influenced by photographers, the more stable "Treasure in the Palm" is. Pay special attention when using. Even when making this palm-sized small camera, it must be supported by both hands. You know, the smaller the machine, the more unstable it is, and the smaller it is, the more likely it is to vibrate. It is difficult for most people to keep the machine stable according to the support of their bodies, so they need to correctly grasp the essentials and practice more. The best way to keep the camera stable is to use the tripod of the camera. A tripod with a tripod head is the best way to support the camera. It can not only effectively prevent the machine from shaking, but also keep the picture clear and stable, without ghosting, and it also runs smoothly and naturally when shooting up and down and panning left and right. Another advantage is that you can use the remote control to control the camera and use the remote control to control the pan/tilt to complete the whole shooting process. Tripod must be used when shooting in fixed places for a long time, such as weddings, birthday parties, square concerts, etc. Otherwise, it is a chore, and you can't make a good tape when you are tired. The tripod must be solid and placed on a stable and flat surface, as far away from the earthquake source as possible (such as the road where cars are driving and vibrating machinery). If there is wind, you can add weight to the tripod to increase its stability, such as backpacks and stones. Commonly used equipment to support the camera is monopod, chest frame and so on. They are simpler, lighter and easier to carry, and can be used on mountains and rocks, which is a good thing for those who often go out to shoot. Many people are influenced by photography and only open their right eyes to take pictures, which has great disadvantages. Photography is different from photography, which only captures moments. In camera shooting, we should use binocular scanning, with the right eye clinging to the eyepiece goggles of the camera viewfinder, and the left eye looking at the overall situation, paying attention to the movement of the shooting target and what is happening around, and adjusting the shooting method at any time to avoid ruining our work because of some small accidents, such as children running around and hitting you when shooting the wedding camera, and avoiding vehicles when shooting on the road; I also avoid missing other wonderful scenes around me because of my "single-mindedness", and all changes are under control. Now all cameras are equipped with LCD screens. Because of the large screen and good color, many people abandon the viewfinder and prefer the LCD screen. Because of the high reflectivity of the current camera LCD, it is still possible to take pictures with LCD indoors at night, but the effect is really unsatisfactory outdoors during the day. The solution is: hold the mobile phone in your right hand, put the five fingers of your left palm together, and cover the left edge of the LCD screen in an arc shape to block the light from the left and above, which looks much better. But I still want to remind you that you must take pictures with your eyes and don't miss the wonderful lens! It's better to keep out the light with your hands and wear a long hat. Other issues to pay attention to If your camera has anti-shake function, turning on this function when shooting with a handset will help to improve the unstable image. But you should know that this kind of inhibition is limited, not omnipotent. A slight shake can still work, and if it is a little bigger, he can't do anything about it. Moreover, the picture stabilization effect is not obvious for subjects with dark colors and dim brightness or fast moving subjects. If it is electronic compensation, it will sacrifice some image quality. If you pan up and down and left and right, be sure to cancel this function. Use a wide-angle lens when shooting, and adjust the zoom lens to the wide-angle (W) position to shoot. If the lens is adjusted to the zoom position (T) with the maximum magnification, only a little shaking will cause considerable shaking of the lens, which requires special attention. When you need to press some function keys or manually zoom during shooting, don't use too much force to avoid shaking the lens. Some people like to shoot while walking with a single handset, which looks quite chic. Hey, I wonder if this friend will have a headache when he takes it back to appreciate his masterpiece! When shooting, try to avoid shooting while walking unless it is really necessary. Most non-professional photographers often get no benefit by shooting in this way: the picture is very shaky when playing, which makes people dizzy. You know, the audience's tolerance for shaking pictures is limited, and no one wants to enjoy the feeling of seasickness. Even if the story you tell is wonderful and the picture is gorgeous, the camera is always swaying like a drunken eight immortals, and the visibility of the video will be greatly reduced. So try to keep the picture stable, and don't try this so-called "alternative" expression unless there is a legitimate reason. Of course, this effect is sometimes needed, such as showing the bumps of cars, the shaking of ships and crowded pedestrians ... if you behave well, you will have a strong sense of existence. But we must pay attention to being orderly and measured, not to overdo it, and not to let people see the flaws. In short, stability is above everything else, and everything that is conducive to image stability must be adhered to. The correct way to hold the camera is the beginning of a good camera work.

Chapter III Composition of Shooting Pictures Keep the Composition Balance of Pictures

Every time we press the video button, we have to look around to see if the picture taken in the viewfinder is what we need. This is composition. The composition law of photography is very similar to that of static photography. We should not only pay attention to the position of the protagonist, but also study the configuration of the whole picture, maintain the balance of the picture and the internal relationship of various object elements in the picture, adjust the relative position and size of the composition objects, and determine their respective layout positions in the picture.

A perfect composition should at least do the following:

(1) The picture is neat and smooth, so as to avoid messy background. A messy background will distract attention from watching this, reduce visibility and weaken the status of the subject. Remove impurities from the picture before shooting, or shoot from another angle to avoid irrelevant background on the picture.

(2) The color balance is good, and the picture should have a strong sense of hierarchy to ensure that the subject can stand out from all backgrounds. If you wear black clothes, don't arrange to shoot on a dark background.

General rules of camera composition

Please keep the camera in a horizontal position before shooting, so that the captured image will not tilt. You can use buildings, telephone poles and other objects parallel or vertical to the ground as reference objects, and try to keep the picture balanced when taking pictures. Get as close to the target as possible, so as to ensure that there will be no irrelevant background on the screen, but you must also reserve some space around the protagonist to prevent the protagonist from moving suddenly. Make sure no one or other objects move between the camera and the main character being photographed. Don't let some irrelevant characters half in the picture and half out of the picture. If you are shooting activities that you can't control, then you can't guarantee that all the compositions are perfect: but you can arrange your protagonist in the right position in the picture. Scan the whole scene at the same time, eliminating unwanted scenes. Attention should also be paid to composition: no matter how small a moving object is, it is easier to attract the attention of the eyes than a static object, so be careful not to let unnecessary moving objects that will distract the audience appear in the background of the picture. In addition, pay attention to some eye-catching colors, especially red, bright yellow and dark blue, which will attract the attention of the eyes. We should avoid colors that have nothing to do with the protagonist but will attract attention in the picture. Left: unbalanced composition. The shooting distance is too far, the background is too miscellaneous, too many and too messy, and the protagonist can't stand out well. Many experts advocate the principle of "one third" composition. The practice of shooting shows that important scenery or people are located at 1/3 of the picture; Rather than in the center, such a picture is more in line with people's visual aesthetic habits, and even better than the picture of the protagonist in the center. A complete picture is divided into nine equal parts by two vertical lines and two horizontal lines. The four points where the vertical lines intersect with the horizontal lines are the most pleasing parts of the picture, and this position can be regarded as the center of the most important part of the subject. The figure is located in one third of the picture, and the face is just at the intersection of the two lines in the upper left corner, which conforms to the principle of "one third" composition. And the background is not chaotic, and the characters are well highlighted. When the protagonist looks or walks in a direction that is not perpendicular to the picture, there is more space left in front of their facing or advancing direction than behind them; "Extra space" should be reduced to a minimum.

Compare the two images on the left. The first is the composition of imbalance. In the picture, the space behind the young lady is larger than the direction of advancement, which makes it uncomfortable to look at. The second picture is a balanced composition and reasonable.

When shooting people, don't leave too much space on the head of the person being photographed. Otherwise, it will lead to unbalanced composition and lack of beauty. If the characters in the picture are less than one-third of the height of the picture, the audience should concentrate on identifying them carefully, and it will be boring if it is longer. Remember to keep your eyes at the height of 1/3 above the screen. If the face is lower than this height, the person seems to have fallen into the TV screen. Comparing the two pictures on the left, the first one is unbalanced and there is too much space above the head. The second one is a balanced composition, which looks much more comfortable. Also be careful not to make some low-level composition mistakes when composing characters: for example, the telephone pole protrudes above the head of the characters in the picture, the horizontal plane of the building is at the same height as the neck of the characters in the picture, and the wires are across the neck. About cutting the body. The pictures taken are generally represented by distant view, middle view, close view and close-up. If you shoot from a distance, your whole body will appear on the screen. If it is shot in the middle, close range or close range, it is necessary to cut off a part of the subject's body from bottom to top. Then please be careful not to take people's knees, waist and neck as tangent points. The picture cut out at these three points makes people look awkward. Unless you are taking a close-up of your face or a part of your body, the best place to cut your body should be under your armpit, below your waist and above your knee. Problems that should be paid attention to in camera composition: 1, avoiding all aspects and diluting the theme. One of the mistakes that novices often make in camera shooting is that they like to use the perspective and put too much background in the picture, which leads to the confusion between primary and secondary. I can't put it down when I see flowers and plants in my eyes. I can't wait to film them all, for fear that something is missing, and the protagonist becomes an ornament of flowers and plants, which looks like a landscape film. You should use close-ups or even close-ups to highlight the protagonist and make the rich expressions of the characters clearly visible. 2. Avoid rigid copying and dogmatism. We should be familiar with the rules, learn to use them flexibly, follow the trend and never blindly follow the general stereotype. If we only know how to use "rules" rigidly, then our works will look dull and lose their aesthetic feeling. Photography is also artistic creation, and art is regular but even more irregular. The so-called composition rules are only the basic package of camera creation and cannot represent everything. Just like painting, a good work is born from rules, but it is not rigidly adhered to rules. The last rule of camera composition is to break all conventions, break all shackles and oppose all commandments, so that the works created will have vitality.

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