Who are the top ten famous doctors in ancient times?
I. Justice
During the Western Han Dynasty more than 2000 years ago, there was a woman named Yi Kui in Hedong (now Xia County, Shanxi Province). She is a famous female doctor in the early history of our country. Yi has been interested in herbs since he was a child. When I was a teenager, I went up the mountain to collect medicine, and after smashing it, I treated the villagers. Whenever a doctor passes by, she always asks for advice modestly. Over time, she learned a lot of medical knowledge and accumulated rich clinical experience.
Once, I brought a patient with abdominal edema from other places. His stomach is bigger than the pregnant woman who is about to give birth, his umbilical eyes are prominent, and his body is skinny and dying. Yiyou examined her carefully, took out a few silver needles, stabbed the patient's abdomen and legs several times in a row, and took out a pack of powder and sprinkled it on the patient's umbilical eye, wrapped it in silk soaked in hot water, and fed the patient with Chinese medicine. After a few days, the patient's swelling gradually subsided, and in less than 10 days, the patient could get up and move.
Later, after Yi's medical skills were known by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, he was recruited into the palace and served as a doctor to treat the empress dowager, which won the trust of the empress dowager.
Second, Bao Gu.
Bao Gu, the daughter of Bao Liang, the magistrate of Nanhai, Guangdong Province in Jin Dynasty, was also a famous female doctor, and her husband Ge Hong was a famous alchemist in Jin Dynasty, who had written medical classics such as Elbow Backup Emergency Prescription.
Because of the long-term contact and the influence of family, it has created good conditions for her to practice medicine and treat diseases. She followed her husband for a long time to make an alchemy in Luofu Mountain, Guangdong Province, to cure diseases for the people and benefit the people, so the Dai people in Lingnan respectfully called her "Bao Yugu".
Baogu practices medicine and collects herbs, and has traveled all over Guangzhou, Nanhai, Huiyang and Boluo. Her medical skills are exquisite and meticulous. She is good at acupuncture and is famous for treating tumors and warts. She used red-footed wormwood, which grew everywhere at the foot of Yuexiu Mountain, as wormwood to treat diseases, so it was later called "Bao Gu Ai".
After Bao Gu's death, Lingnan people built Bao Gu Temple in Xiasanyuan Palace in Yuexiu Mountain, Guangzhou, to commemorate her contribution to the medical cause.
Third, Miss Zhang.
In the Song Dynasty, there was a famous surgeon named Zhang Xiaoniang. Her medical skills have not been passed down from generation to generation, nor have they been acquired from her husband's practice of medicine. So where did she come from?
It is said that when Zhang Xiaozi was young, one day, a doctor from the conference semifinals passed by the door and asked her for a glass of water. Seeing an old man with a silver beard, Zhang Xiaozi invited him into the room, offered his seat to make tea, and warmly entertained him for food. Seeing her cleverness, wisdom and diligence, the old doctor taught her surgical secrets such as operation and ointment making, and also gave her a secret book "Different Prescriptions for Wan".
Later, through constant practice, Zhang Xiaozi finally became a female doctor proficient in surgery. All patients with sores, ulcers and swelling came to see a doctor, and after her diagnosis and treatment, there was no miraculous effect. -It's so famous that patients are overwhelmed. She also passed on her surgical skills to her husband, so they both became local famous doctors. Because Miss Zhang used the secret medicine of the Hu people in the desert, later generations also called her.
Fourth, Tan Yunxian
Tan Yunxian, female doctor in Ming Dynasty, was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu. Her grandfather is a doctor in Nanjing and her grandmother is also very proficient in medicine. Tan Yunxian received a good education from his family and studied medicine under the guidance of his grandparents. Shortly after marriage, she suffered from qi-blood imbalance. She didn't give up studying medicine, but took her illness as the research object, prescribed her own medicine and finally cured it.
Soon, her grandmother was bedridden and taught her all the secret recipes and pharmaceutical tools before she died. In feudal society, some girls and rich children suffered from gynecological diseases. Because of the shackles of feudal ethics, they are ashamed to seek treatment from male doctors, which often delays their illness. Tan Yunxian is famous for his superb medical skills, and female patients have gone there one after another.
Later, Tan Yunxian became a local female doctor specializing in gynecological diseases. At the age of 50, Tan Yunxian summed up the medical skills taught by her grandmother and her years of clinical experience, and wrote a book Miscellaneous Notes of Female Doctors, which was handed down to later generations.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Ceng Yi
Ceng Yi, also known as Yuan Bo, was born in Huayang, Sichuan. She was born in the 17th year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, corresponding to the year of 1837. At that time, it was in a period of unprecedented national disaster and increasing calls for change. In this environment, Yico Zeng accepted the theory of evolution and reformism. She believes that if the country is to be hot, it is necessary for the family to "health care and strengthen the country" and the country to "strengthen the race", and practicing medicine is only the way. Therefore, under the guidance of the thought of "treating patients and saving lives", Yico Zeng studied medical theory and wrote books, which contributed to the medical miracle in China.
Yico Zeng's thoughts and knowledge are mainly reflected in her book Gu Huan Room Series. This series includes three main parts: women studies, medicine and poetry. The main critic of quarrel medicine is the book Medical Articles. This copy was written in the thirty-second year of Guangxu, corresponding to AD 1906. Yico Zeng was 54 years old at that time. "Medical Articles" consists of two volumes, which are woodcuts. The first volume ***4. The first volume includes pulse theory, tongue color theory, fever, cold and fever. The second volume is the treatment of exogenous fever in middle energizer, the third volume is the treatment of exogenous fever in lower energizer, and the fourth volume is the treatment of typhoid fever. There are also four volumes in the next volume. The first volume is miscellaneous diseases, the second volume is gynecology, the third volume is pediatrics and the fourth volume is surgery. Zeng Yi suffered from fever four times and turned the corner, thanks to the theory of the famous febrile scientist Wu Jutong. Therefore, she worships Wu Jutong's Treatise on Febrile Diseases. In her own works, Wu Jutong's theory and medical prescriptions are given in many places. After 39 years of painstaking research, Yico Zeng had a deep understanding of the symptoms and treatment of typhoid and fever, so he chose some English and Chinese to write down and became the primary content of medical articles.
Zeng Yi often writes his own prescriptions. Monkey Island is very accurate and wonderful, and some of them have experienced it personally. For example, when she was 32 years old, her throat was blocked because of Yin syndrome, and Monkey Island was very injured. She put cinnamon, processed ginger and licorice 1.5g into a tea bowl, boiled it with boiling water, steamed the tea bowl with medicine, took a bite of the medicine in the tea bowl and swallowed it gradually, and finally escaped the harm. After that, she cured many patients with this prescription.
Yico Zeng attaches great importance to folk experience. Somewhere in the north of the hospital, she heard a soldier say that he choked when he joined the army in one place before, and he couldn't eat or drink, and there was nothing he could do. A few days later, he wandered around a market, feeling thirsty and having no tea to buy. I saw a vendor cooking a dozen chickens in a big pot for sale. The soldier was really thirsty, so he discussed with the vendor and bought some chicken juice in the pot to quench his thirst. I didn't expect this kind of chicken juice to be thick and fresh, and it will burn after eating. Unlike drinking water and eating before, I often get stuck in the upper coke. So, the soldier bought several bowls of chicken juice to drink. In the future, chicken soup and porridge are often used as the main diet, and the gastric diaphragm is gradually opened, and the problem is gradually improving. The speaker has no intention, but the listener has intention. Hearing this, Yico Zeng recalled carefully that whenever she encountered this choking syndrome in the future, she would treat it with thick chicken juice and a little ginger juice, and all of them achieved good results.
Yico Zeng lived in the late Qing Dynasty, when the west wind gradually spread eastward. Many conservatives do not understand western medicine knowledge and blindly oppose it. However, Yico Zeng learned from others and used them. She often tells patients to "save energy to protect the brain", "breathe fresh air from time to time to protect the lungs" and strengthen "exercise makes blood burn (pulse) circulation", especially for women. She believes that "in the past, women were confined in boudoir and couldn't relax outside, not only because they were depressed, but also because they were ill." It can be seen that Yico Zeng's thought is relatively progressive.
Sixth, Yuyan Chun.
Yuyan Chun is a recorded waitress in history. She is brilliant and has accumulated a lot of experience in folk medical practice. She is good at feeling the pulse and is familiar with medicine. Some even called her "Bian Que among girls". However, this female doctor, who could have been immortal, lost her medical ethics because of her greed, and eventually became a spurned doctor in the history of doctors in China.
Xu Pingjun of Xuan Di, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was pregnant, and she fell ill during labor. Yuyan Chun is the favorite of General Huo Guang's wife, and she often visits the Queen in the palace. Her husband rewarded him with a doorman and a Yuyan Chun, and asked Mrs. Huo to transfer him to Anchi prison. Worship Mrs. Huo directly.
Hoff was so angry that he left and right sides to avoid it. He said mysteriously, "You have something to ask me, and I have something to ask you, okay?" "Yuyan Chun said," Madam, what's wrong with me! Mrs. Huo said: "General Huo loves his little daughter Huo very much. If he wants her to be a noble person, this will only trouble you." Yuyan Chun said, "How? "Hoff's humanity:" A woman is born big, but she has a narrow escape. Today, the queen is about to give birth, but she can take the opportunity to poison her and make her a queen. If it succeeds, you and my sister will share the wealth. Yuyan Chun said: "There are many medicines. Doctors should taste them first. How to start?" Mrs. Huo said, "It depends on your ability. General Huo is the regent of the world. Who dares to say no? I'm afraid you don't want to help each other! " Yuyan Chun said after meditation, "I am willing to do my best." Aconitum medicine, into the palace.
After Xu Pingjun gave birth to the baby, Yuyan Chun took the aconite to Xu Pingjun to drink. Soon after, Xu Pingjun said, "I feel dizzy and my brain is swollen!" This medicine won't be toxic, will it? " "No." Yuyan Chun said that Xu Pingjun had more shortness of breath and died soon.
Go out of the palace and report to Mrs. Huo. Mrs. Huo expressed her comfort, but dared not thank her again. Later, some people accused the doctors of neglecting the care of the Queen, and they were all arrested and imprisoned, asking them to explain their crimes. Mrs. Huo was very scared, so she told Huo Guang the details and said to Huo Guang, "Since things have come to this, don't let the judges torture Yuyan Chun!" Huo Guang was surprised and should not be silent, so he played Ming Taizu Xuan Di and signed an order to exonerate Yuyan Chun.
Seven, Hu Cheng.
Hu Cheng, also known as Zi, also known as or female, lives in Taibai Mountain (located in the south of Shaanxi County). According to Hu Cheng's Preface of Invigorating and Reducing the Internal Organs in Huang Ting, Hu Cheng was born in Chen Wu in the second year of Dazhong (AD 848) in the late Tang Dynasty.
Hu Cheng's work Tang Zhilu is a volume of Huangting Neijing. In the Song Dynasty, Chongwen medical books recorded a volume of five zang-fu organs in the inner government, and Taoist books recorded a volume of external pictures, all written by women. In the "General Catalogue", another volume "Huang Ting Internal Map" is recorded. Yu Xiyu said, "Tang Zhihe's annals were written by Hu Huan, and there is also a volume of Interior Map of Huang Ting, which was also written by Hu Huan, and it is still a book." However, there are also records of Hu Cheng's works in Song Zhi: one volume of Exterior Location of Huang Ting and three volumes of Interior Location of Reinforcing and Reducing. Also, look at ten volumes of Susie's Legend of the Cave Fairy, and I suspect it's another person.
Hu Cheng's works are as follows: a volume of "The Map of Five Zangs and Six Hospitals in the Mainland of Huang Ting" is included in the Taoist Collection Law of the Ming Dynasty, and 54 pieces of "Ten Books of Dingzhen"; In the Complete Works of Taoist Books, there is a volume of "A Picture of the Internal Organs in Huang Ting"; There is also a volume of Tonifying and Reducing Huang Ting's Five Zangs in the orthodox Taoist Collection.
Huang Ting's map of the five internal organs in Neijing and Huang Ting's map of reinforcing and reducing the five internal organs in Neijing are two books with the same theme, but with different words. The first two articles are orderly, with similar general idea and slightly different words. In the previous book, lung, heart, liver, spleen and gallbladder were discussed successively, and the analysis order of each organ was as follows: 1. Illustrations, explaining the physiological and anatomical position, shape, weight and function of an organ; 2. Self-cultivation, coordinating various organs through qi, body fluid and thinking; Third, the disease-related method, diagnosis of visceral diseases; Fourth, treat the disease and prescribe the right medicine, each with one side; Fifth, the method of regulating breath, regulating liver, spleen, kidney and gallbladder with qi; The sixth is the taboo method, such as kidney disease "don't eat Chili in October"; Seven, guide the law, fatigue limbs, aimed at activating the bones and muscles, clearing the viscera, and accumulating the cold.
Huangtingjing is a basic classic of Taoist health preservation, which had a wide influence in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. However, due to Huang Tingjing's obscure writing style, the Northern and Southern Dynasties only spread among the upper-class scholars with certain cultural literacy. In the early Tang Dynasty, Liang Qiu Bai Zi Lu Zhong wrote Huang Ting, which had a certain influence on the popularization of health preservation in Huang Ting. But Bailuyuan's notes are mainly based on Huang Ting. Although some famous sayings are interpreted, it is inevitable. In the Tang Dynasty, the study of Huang Ting became increasingly prosperous, and various theories began to rise. Hu Cheng's "Preface to Reinforcing and Reducing" said:
Zhu's editing and heresy made it rare for later generations. A little difference is better than a thousand miles. The so-called heresy probably means to interpret the meaning of Huang Ting from the perspective of mysticism.
Hu Cheng was a unique expert in studying Huang Ting classics in the late Tang Dynasty. The main feature of her study of Huang Ting Classic is that she got rid of the mysterious factors, which is clear from the point of view of pure medicine. Its way can be learned and its skill can be repaired. Anyone who studies Huang Tingjing and Taoist health preservation can't ignore it. Because he talks a lot and has many medical methods, it is not good for the author and he dare not talk nonsense to save it.
Eight, xing family
In the eighteenth volume of unofficial history, a female doctor named Xing was recorded. She was born in Shao Xi during the Southern Song Dynasty, and Han Pingyuan, then a cabinet official, was going on a business trip. She was invited to feel her pulse and see if her health could successfully complete the trip. After taking the pulse, Xing thought that his body was fine, but what he needed to worry about was his wife's body. Sure enough, as Xing Yu expected, a few months later, Han's wife passed away.
At that time, there was a prime minister named Zhu Shengfei. His daughter-in-law was ill and asked Xing to treat him. After reading it, Xing said it was a minor illness, and it would be fine if he didn't take medicine, but he couldn't get pregnant and would die if he got pregnant. The whole family didn't believe that Xing's alarmism was groundless. But later, as Xing said, the woman died shortly after she became pregnant. Careful evaluation of Xing said: "I said that there are many famous doctors in ancient and modern times who know their wives' death without knowing their husbands' pulse, and those who are infertile know their birth and death." Oh, my god! 」
Nine (ten), Jiang, Fang
People from Xiuning, Anhui Province in Ming Dynasty. Jiang is a grandmother and Fang is a daughter-in-law. Mother-in-law, inheriting family studies, specializing in pediatrics. All those acute and chronic convulsions, epilepsy and malnutrition, after their treatment, they all began to become spring. People praised them as ethnic doctors.
A Basic Introduction to the Formation of China's Medical Skills
The origin and formation of "China Medical Skills" are closely related to human beings and the natural environment. Looking back at the history of China, we can see that under the ancient philosophy, no matter which theory admits that everything in the universe is derived from infinity, Taiji, Two Instruments, Four Images and Eight Diagrams, they all think that the origin of everything is Qi, but this Qi is not only the essence of human beings and the air in the sky, but also a macro philosophical concept, that is. Laozi's Tao Te Ching says that "everything is turbid and naturally comes into being", and that "the immortal of the valley is called Xuanzang, the gate of Xuanzang, and the root of heaven and earth, which is continuous." . "Huainanzi" also has "the empty corridor gives birth to the universe, and the universe is angry". The so-called "virtual corridor" is to describe the image of the unmoved spirit, and it can also be said to be a transcendental meditation in practice. Lin He's "Biography of the Ram" in the Eastern Han Dynasty states that "there is nothing, there is spirit, there is an invisible beginning, and there is a visible division, and heaven and earth are created, and the beginning of heaven and earth is also". It can be seen that the ancients regarded "Qi" as the source of all things, and directly said in "Su Wen Bao Quan Ming Pian": "Man is born with the Qi of heaven and earth" and pointed out that "Heaven and earth are in harmony with Qi, and life is called man". The above historical data show that human body is condensed by qi, just as we have two parents, one is the nature that breeds the fire of our life, and the other is the parents that breeds our material body. In fact, when you think about it, people are really like nature in some places. For example, when we meet a sunny day with high clouds and light winds, our mood will naturally be open and comfortable; However, if it is cloudy and stormy, our mood will become tense and gloomy. It can be seen from here that China's medical skill is imitating nature. For example, Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty, thought that people's "breath is reasonable, that is, all diseases are not born" and "improper pranayama makes people angry". People who are good at nourishing qi should know how to regulate qi. Sun Shi's practice of "Six-character Qi Method" recommended in Qian Jin Fang is based on the changes of nature all year round. He introduced the function of "six-character qi tactics" in detail in Four Seasons Song, saying: "Hush in spring to improve eyesight, help the liver, heart fire and autism in summer, autumn clouds will know that the golden lung is moist, blowing the kidney only needs to calm the stomach, and triple energizer will relieve annoyance and heat. Sun Simiao, who is known as the medicine king, also admitted that the guidance of Qi is indeed better than his medicine king Baoshen Dan.