Lotus is a perennial aquatic plant. The rhizome is fat and knotty, and it is born in sediment. The leaves are shield-shaped, round, dark green on the surface, covered with wax white powder, gray-green on the back, and wavy all over. Petiole cylindrical, densely barbed. Flowers are solitary at the top of the pedicel and above the water surface, with single petals, compound petals, double petals and platforms, and the colors are white, pink, crimson, lavender or intermediate colors. Stamens are numerous; The pistil is free and buried in the inverted cone sponge receptacle, and there are many scattered honeycomb holes on the receptacle surface. After fertilization, it gradually expands, called lotus, and a nut is born in each hole. The flowering period is from June to September, and it opens and closes every morning. The maturity period is 9 to 10 months. There are many cultivated varieties of lotus, which can be divided into three systems according to different uses: lotus root, lotus seed and Hualien. It has been over1.600 million years.