Since the publication of Water Margin, there have been different opinions on Song Jiang. Song Jiang is the most complicated and enduring character in Water Margin. Is he treacherous or loyal? Is it sanctimonious, or a Jianghu hero? ?
Song Jiang's nickname
Every hero in the Water Margin basically has only one nickname. Song Jiang has four nicknames: Black Sung River, Xiaoyi Heisaburo, Timely Rain and Hu. And each of his nicknames shows his characteristics in this respect and also shows the complexity of this character.
Water margin 18:
Nayas, surnamed Song, is a famous Jiang, surnamed Ming, ranking third, and his ancestral home is Songjia Village, Yuncheng County. Because of his dark face and short stature, everyone called him Black Sung River. Moreover, he is filial to his family and generous to those in need. Everyone calls him filial to Kursaburo. ..... home in Yuncheng County. He is proficient in knife and pen, and he is proficient in the official road; I also like to learn guns and sticks, and I have learned many kinds of martial arts. I've been trying to get to know the hero in the Jianghu all my life, but someone came to see him. There are high and low, take whatever you want, and stay in the pavilion on the villa, chasing it all day, and you are not tired. When I think of it, I try my best to help, and I spend money like water. People ask him for money and things, and they don't shirk it; And it is easy to do, and it is often difficult to solve disputes, but it is only considerate of people's lives. ..... Shandong and Hebei are very famous, and they are all called timely rain.
Hu's fourth nickname is Hu. The word Hu, until today, is unclear to everyone. There is an explanation that Baoyi was a military attache in the Southern Song Dynasty, named Bao Ichiro. Another explanation, saying "guarantee", is guarantee; "Righteousness" means loyalty, and "protecting righteousness" means keeping loyalty and calling, which is what everyone calls him. Generally speaking, the word Hu actually refers to Song Jiang's attitude towards the country, the court and the emperor. ?
Understand Song Jiang's first angle;
Song Jianggang gave him a comprehensive introduction when he appeared in the Water Margin 18 episode. He farmed for generations, farmed for generations, and kept some fields to live. I studied the history of Confucian classics since I was a child and was educated by traditional culture. More importantly? That's what he did. He works as an escort in the county government. Therefore, judging from his family background, education and occupation, his family background endowed him with a certain sense of justice, and his occupation cultivated his habit of being cautious and improvising, and also cultivated his means of playing politics. This is our understanding of Song Jiang from the first angle. ?
Understand Song Jiang from the second angle;
Second, is Song Jiang a hero? Or a loyal minister of the country? We can analyze several things before and after he went to Liangshan. Before going to Liangshan, he privately played classical music for his confidant brothers. Killed Yan Poxi for fear of exposure. From these things, we can say that Song Jiang is a brave hero. Then he went to Liangshan and became the leader of a rebel army. He led several battles of Liangshan brothers, which fully demonstrated his command and organization ability. After being accepted, he became a loyal minister of a country. He changed the hall name of Liangshan from "doing justice for heaven" to "protecting the country according to heaven", which was only the behavior of a loyal minister of the country. Therefore, no matter what kind of subjective feelings we praise or belittle Song Jiang, or love or hate him, we can't deny that he is a successful artistic image in the gallery of classical literary figures in China. ?
(2), Lin Chong image analysis
The character characteristics described in Water Margin are based on life, and with the development of life contradictions, his personality will also change. Lin Chong's personality change in Water Margin is well written and well founded. Why has he changed? When will it change? They all start from life, which is the realism of the Water Margin.
In the Water Margin, Lin Chong has a prominent personality: he can endure, bear the burden of humiliation, swallow his voice and dare not resist. In general novels, to completely idealize a positive character, it is often necessary to write out his advantages from the beginning. But Water Margin is different. Lin Chong is a famous hero in The Water Margin, which is amazing and warmly praised by the author. However, as soon as he appeared, he wrote out his weaknesses and personality weaknesses. The bad side is that he can endure, submit to humiliation, submit to humiliation.
One of the "forbearance":
An 800,000 imperial coach, whose wife was molested in broad daylight, is unbearable. So he was very angry. "At that time, Lin Chong pulled over and pulled his shoulder blade, but he recognized that it was Gao Yanei, the official, and he relented first." The word "soft first" is worth noting. This is not a simple description of ordinary people's actions, but a sudden excavation of people's inner world. Therefore, Lin Chong was still angry when writing novels. When he knew, he pulled over and relented. But "the anger didn't go away, and I looked at that Gao Yanei with my eyes wide open". But dare to anger but dare not speak, dare to anger but dare not speak, he endured this tone. The novel is very well written here, showing the inner activities of the characters.
At this time, the comparison between Lin Chong and Lu: Lu doesn't buy it, and Lu has a famous saying, which is in sharp contrast with Lin Chong. He said, "But you are afraid of him, and Cudgel is also afraid of him." "If I bump into that bird, I will teach it to eat 300 mord sticks of Cudgel." One is to bear the burden of humiliation and be afraid of things; One is hate. One is that they are insulted and oppressed and dare not resist; One is that you can't bear to see your friends oppressed. The personalities of these two people are in sharp contrast.
The second part is "forbearance":
Next, I still want to write about Lin Chong's peace and forbearance. But if you want to be safe, you can't be safe. If you want to endure it, you can't bear it. So the novel goes on to say that Gao Yanei bribed Lu Qian to let Lu Qian trick Lin Chong's wife into his house upstairs. Hearing this, Lin Chong "took a knife to untie his wrist" and "went straight to find Lu". He picked up this wrist knife not to find Gao Yanei, but to find Lu Qian. In other words, Lin Chong has begun to resist, but the extent and scope of resistance are limited. You should go to Gao Yanei. There are two meanings here. First, I'm still afraid of Gao Yanei, afraid of provoking him. Like I said before, give him a break this time. This is the second time, he has patience again; Second, this is about Lin Chong's emphasis on righteousness. That is to say, Lu Qian is Lin Chong's sworn brother, and he is also the treacherous person Lin Chong hates most. Loyalty is a very beautiful and precious thing in Lin Chong's character. This is a very important factor that he can change in the future, and it is very revolutionary after the change.
The third part is "forbearance":
After Lin Chong was sent to Cangzhou, he could bear it, but he still endured humiliation. This novel is very wonderful here. He wrote a divorce letter before he left. I think this paper has two contents. On the one hand, it shows Lin Chong's kindness and consideration for his wife. On the other hand, he also wrote his tolerant character, which is also naive. Do you think Gao Yanei won't come after writing the divorce papers? Come as usual. So these places, on the one hand, write about his kindness and arouse readers' sympathy for him, on the other hand, arouse readers' more hatred for evil forces. ?
The fourth part is "forbearance":
In the match with Cangzhou, there was a plot: two policemen, Dong Chao and Xue Ba, who were detained, abused him all the way and asked him to wash his feet with hot water. Even the reader couldn't bear it, but he still "endured". Later, he went to the Wild Pig Forest, where Dong Chao and Xue Ba were entrusted by Gao Qiu and Gao Yanei to kill Lin Chong. By this time, Lin Chong didn't even think of killing him (Song Wu had already thought of sending someone to kill him when he arrived at Feiyunpu), so tie him up. Another person, such as or jy, would never say such a thing in this situation. Lu Shen Zhi saved him and tried to kill two workers, but Lin Chong tried to stop him. At this time, he still endured and didn't want to resist.
The fifth part is "forbearance":
Shortly after arriving at Cangzhou prison camp, he learned from Li Xiaoer that there were several "embarrassed people", so he bought a sharp knife to relieve his wrist. He searched the street for several days but couldn't find it. He "slowed down" and "endured" the past.
Cangzhou prison camp arranged for him to go to the forage field, which was a conspiracy. Lin Chong didn't know that he was going to "go to the city to change the plasterer on a sunny day" and "God bless me and burn paper money another day". I think I will give him a good job and live safer there. Finally, the forage field was set on fire. Suddenly, I heard Lu Qian talking in the temple in the mountain, so I had to collect the bones and go back to Gao Qiu to receive the reward. At this time, Lin Chong flew into a rage, opened the gate of the mountain temple, went out to kill several people, and then rebelled up the mountain, thus realizing a complete transformation. ?
Summary: Lin Chong walked a very hard road, and Lin Chong walked a very long and hard road. There are many foreshadows for the author to write about Lin Chong's transformation. For example, he and Lu Qian were good friends and became sworn brothers. Later, Lu Qian hurt him, so he once told Lu Qian: "My good brother didn't know that a person's skill was in vain, but he succumbed to a villain and suffered such a lot without meeting a wise master." In other words, he is full of injustice under the oppression of the ruling class. This sense of injustice is the basis for Lin Chong to move forward step by step and finally realize the ideological change and rebel up the mountain. Although he was an 800 thousand imperial coach and a middle official, he was oppressed as soon as he appeared. Therefore, although he is a figure of the ruling class, his position is similar to that of the oppressed people, which is a basis for his transformation. Lin Chong was tolerant of those who oppressed and insulted him, but his opponent did not let him go. If one plan fails, another will be born. The dark forces and evil forces in that society are constantly pressing on him, so he is very dissatisfied and has an air of injustice. ?
Comparison of several Liangshan figures "going up the mountain":
The process of Lin Chong going up the mountain is such a transformation process, from forbearance to intolerance, from cowardice to strength, from humiliation to resistance. Lin washed away a very difficult road and mountain. "Water Margin" describes characters, different heroes have different personalities, and the road to the mountain is also different. This different path is related to his personality, his family background and his life situation. Li Kui jy is the happiest on the mountain, Song Jiang is the most tortuous, Lu is the most hearty, and hearty and happy are not exactly the same; I have no foresight at all, showing compassion for others. It is very clear that an official cannot be a monk and a monk cannot be a mountain.
(3) Female images in Water Margin.
The female images in Water Margin can be divided into three categories:
1, the three "heroines" in Liangshan, with the highest number of days and the lowest number of places: Sun Erniang, Gu Dasao and Hu Sanniang;
2. In the second category, four prostitutes impressed readers deeply: Erpan, Yan Poxi and Mrs. Jia written by Lu Junyi;
3. The Water Margin describes a chaste lady: Lin Niangzi. In addition, there are some characters, such as two old women, one is Yan Poxi's mother Yan Po and the other is Wang Po, who is ugly. ?
The proprietress of Sun Erniang joint shop opened a pork bun shop on the cross slope of Mengzhou Road, nicknamed bitch. Her "bitch" image is "wearing a bright red silk skirt, with rouge and lead powder on her face, her chest open, revealing the main waist of pink yarn with a gold button on it" and "fierce eyebrows and eyes." The relationship between Hag and her husband is just the opposite. Her husband is not as good at martial arts as her, and this shop is not named Zhang, but Sun. Why? Sun Erniang's black shop is ancestral. Her father's name is Sun Yuan. He is a senior in the Jianghu and is also famous in the green forest. This image and her behavior are probably hard for us to accept. What Song Wu saw in his eyes was "several skins hanging on the wall and several legs hanging on the beam". Is this a hero? Is it a peasant uprising? I'm afraid any dynasty, whether ancient or modern, should be investigated by law. After all, Sun Erniang is a woman who knows the underworld. ?
Among the three heroines in Liangshan, Hu Sanniang impressed readers the most. Because Hu Sanniang is beautiful, beautiful and brave, but she is a very unsuccessful literary image. No matter how heroic Hu Sanniang is in Water Margin, as a character image and an artistic image, she is thin and has no personality. Marrying Wang was a great misfortune in her life, and finally she died. From this we can see the author's contempt for women. She is just a concept, a symbol. Stupid beauty. This symbol is: it can be used for fighting, beautiful and beautiful.
Pan Jinlian is one of the successful characters in the novel. Coupled with the emergence of "Jin Ping Mei", Pan Jinlian became a typical and synonymous with "adulteress". In fact, this is unfair. Pan Jinlian was originally a quiet woman who wanted to live a quiet life. Pan Jinlian is an ambitious woman. From living in harmony with Wu Da to finally poisoning her husband, Pan Jinlian has gradually degenerated.
Pan Jinlian experienced a gradual decline. At first, she still pursued something and had some independent ideas. Zhang is drooling over her. She could have got a concubine, but she didn't. She was retaliated by the rich man for marrying Wu Dalang, a "three-inch golden man" and a "grain bark", and "a good piece of mutton fell in the dog's mouth" (that is, "a flower stuck in cow dung" as now said). Dissatisfied, egged on by outsiders, he stepped into the abyss step by step. In the middle, she also described her pursuit, saw Song Wu, and was rejected by Song Wu. In Pan Jinlian's view, it should be said that desire is greater than morality. She has no moral values. Of course, I gave birth to a servant girl and probably didn't know a few words. She has no knowledge. Perhaps the natural attribute is higher than her social attribute, and instinct overwhelms reason, so she went to ruin.
A wonderful literary novel in Water Margin is about the wife of Song Wu in 23 times.
Jin Sheng sighed: Anyone who called "uncle" thirty-nine times suddenly changed the word to "you", which is really heartbreaking!
Jin Shengtan's comments: The first article wrote that Wu Er met a tiger, which really shook the mountain and made people stand on end; A sudden visit to this article is about the encounter between Wu Er and his sister-in-law. It's really a hundred flowers blooming, which makes people's hearts flutter.
Why are these female images shaped and arranged in Water Margin? Why is the author's view of women so backward? Why are Liangshan heroes "not close to women"?
First, The Water Margin, like The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is about men's world, which is basically "male literature". Fighting in the north is a man's business, and women have no share. However, in order to highlight the true nature of the male protagonist who is not close to women (such as Song Wu), it is necessary to have lecherous women as foil (such as Pan Jinlian); In addition, in order to attract listeners and readers, novels evolved from scripts have to be accompanied by some "dirty materials" to meet the tastes of ordinary people.
Second, the patriarchal culture in traditional culture and the projection of "female disaster theory". Pan Jinlian's lewdness is terrible. Why does our culture portray Pan Jinlian as an unreasonable evil woman and a dissolute woman? In the final analysis, male writers are afraid that their desires will be projected on women. So this kind of woman with desire is particularly terrible. She doesn't have a happy ending, so her fate ending is a moral concept for writers to work here. It is a woman with desire, especially a woman who wants to control her desire. Our culture will sentence her to death. Warn women in real life that you'd better be docile and go back to be a good wife and mother.
Third, it is the "concept of rivers and lakes." "Water Margin" describes the story of green forests in rivers and lakes. Then, the truth and their ideas in the rivers and lakes are different from those of ordinary people in the general society. This is a concept of strongman. For example, killing people, stealing goods and opening a black shop are actually gangs. Why do tramps despise women so much? Because rivers and lakes have their own rules, they are all fugitives, gathering mountains to rob their homes. They think women's wives and children are a burden. Physiological needs can be caught temporarily. So there are many descriptions in Water Margin. The bully robbed Mrs Zhai and Wang and did the same thing. The so-called Mrs. Zhazhai is not a real "lady", but actually a sexual tool. If the officers and men come to suppress it, all the women in this fortress will be killed by their own men, or they will die as the families of bandits after being captured.
History can prove that, for example, Li Zicheng and Zhang have done similar things. In the 12th year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng was defeated by Tongguan Garden and fled to Shangluo Mountain. At that time, he felt that he was at the end of the road and wanted to commit suicide several times. His adopted son Li Shuangxi dissuaded him, and his general Liu Zongmin killed his two wives when he went back to help Li Zicheng make a comeback. Then some other strong men, Li Zicheng's best friends, went back to kill their wives when they saw General Liu Zongmin doing such a thing. In fact, these wives are all Mrs. Zhazhai, and they are all plundered women. After killing him, he said that he would fight the court again. Li Zicheng made a comeback. This concept regards women as a burden, as objects, and puts them to death like burning huts. Those women have no status. You can see the author of Water Margin here. He is also such a mentality, looking down on women, treating women like dirt and insects like ants.
Fourth, it is the need of plot development. For example, the appearance of Hu Sanniang and the plot of Wang Douhu Sanniang are all related to the plot that Song Jiang wants to find a wife for Wang in 3 1. Pan Jinlian's entanglement with Wu Da, Song Wu and Ximen Qing is an inevitable process for Song Wu to enter Liangshan.
Fifth, the wrong concept of "health preservation" is at work. For example, Chao Gai is a rich man, rich, honest in Dongxi Village, generous in aiding needy people and making friends with heroes all over the world. Song Jiang's appearance age in the book is about 34 or 5 years old. When meeting with Classical, he said that Classical's brother was ten years old and Classical was in his forties. In novels, I write classical novels, but I don't marry. I just like to make a good gun and exercise my muscles all day. In other words, these greenwood people at that time thought that practicing martial arts and getting close to women were contradictory. This is an ancient health preserving theory of China. The ancients believed that martial arts should first preserve people's innate vitality. Therefore, despising women is also a matter of interest. ?