Introduction to tea art
Tea art originated in the Tang Dynasty, developed in the Song Dynasty, reformed in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. It can be said that it has a considerable historical origin and is self-contained.
At first, monks used tea to concentrate their thoughts, but in the Tang Dynasty, Zhao Zhou invited scholars by "drinking tea". Later it became a ceremony of sharing tea.
In the Tang Dynasty, ginger and salt were used to enhance the taste of tea, which was internationally called ginger salt tea. The poet Xue Neng's Tea Poetry said: "Salt damage should be combined with constant warning, and ginger should be cooked more yellow." Ordering tea was very popular in the early Song Dynasty. Tea leaves are ground into fine powder and the tea soup is as white as milk. According to Guan Hua, Su Shi liked the spring water in Fengxiang Yudong in the Northern Song Dynasty. Every time he went, he took two bottles home to make tea. Su Shi has a poem "Tea with Jiang Kui": "The old couple didn't know it, and they were half fried by ginger and salt." . Su Shi himself attaches great importance to the health care function of tea, and gargling with strong tea after meals can relieve boredom.
Making tea became popular in the Ming Dynasty.
Where China people live, they have the habit of drinking tea; China people first discovered tea, and they are an ancient people who drink tea. When you come to Taiwan Province Province, a treasure island, you may see three or three old people sitting leisurely around a fist-sized and pleasing teapot with a cup in each hand, which is a traditional tea for the elderly in China. You may also see a teahouse with the word "tea" hanging on the busy street of Taipei metropolis, and a natural aroma of tea comes to the nose. If you are interested in stopping to have a taste, someone will tell you how to make a simple and easy-to-learn congou. On 20 15, the standardized technical specification of Chaozhou kungfu tea art was released, with 2 1 program.
2. Tea content
Tea art mainly includes the following contents:
Basic knowledge of tea. To learn tea art, we must first understand and master the classification of tea, the quality characteristics of main famous teas, the production process, and the identification, storage and purchase of tea. This is the basis of learning tea art.
Basic knowledge of water. To learn tea art, you must know water, and the nature of tea must come from water. How can we talk about tea without water? Quanming Post Office, the only modern organization that provides water transportation for high-end tea art, is pushing Chinese tea art to the highest level in the world that has been neglected for nearly three centuries.
Tea art technology. Refers to the skills and techniques of tea art. Including the procedure of tea performance, the essentials of action, the content of explanation, the appreciation of color, fragrance, taste and shape of tea, the appreciation and collection of tea sets, etc. This is the core part of tea art.
Tea etiquette. Refers to the courtesy and etiquette in the process of service. Including the requirements and skills of gfd in the process of service, welcoming, communicating and communicating with each other.
The standardization of tea art, tea art should truly reflect the spirit of equality and mutual respect of tea people, so there are standardized requirements for guests. As a guest, we should demand ourselves with the spirit and quality of tea people and devote ourselves to tea tasting. As a service provider, we should also conform to the hospitality, especially the teahouse, whose service level is an important factor to determine the quality and level of service.
Enlightenment. Tao refers to a kind of practice, a way of life and direction, a philosophy of life, and Tao belongs to spiritual content. Enlightenment is the highest realm of tea art, and it is to realize life, realize life and explore the meaning of life through making tea and tasting tea.
3. Classification of tea art
Performing tea ceremony
Performing tea art refers to one or more tea artists demonstrating tea-making skills for everyone. Its main function is to focus on the media, attract the public, publicize and popularize tea culture and popularize tea knowledge. The characteristic of this tea art is that it is suitable for large-scale gatherings and festivals, and it can play a good role in promoting tea culture and China traditional culture when combined with film and television network media.
Performance-oriented tea art pays attention to visual appreciation value as well as auditory enjoyment. It requires that it comes from life and is higher than life, and all means of stage performance art can be used to enhance the artistic appeal of tea art.
Daike tea ceremony
Hospitality tea art refers to a master tea maker and guests sitting around the table, drinking tea together. Everyone present is a participant in tea art, not a bystander. They are directly involved in the creation and experience of the beauty of tea art, can fully appreciate the color, fragrance and rhyme of tea, can freely exchange emotions, understand tea art, and explore the spirit and meaning of tea ceremony.
This type of tea art is most suitable for teahouses, institutions, enterprises and institutions and ordinary families. When practicing this kind of tea art, don't bring the color of performing tea art, don't be artificial in words and actions, don't be too colorful in clothes and makeup, and be the most exaggerated in expression. Be as kind and natural as the host's reception of relatives and friends. This kind of tea art requires that the tea artist can explain while making tea, and guests can ask questions and interrupt at will, so the tea artist is required to have rich knowledge of tea art and good communication skills with guests.
Marketing tea ceremony
Marketing tea art refers to the promotion of tea, tea sets and tea culture through tea art, which is the most popular tea art in tea factories, teahouses and teahouses. To demonstrate this kind of tea art, you should generally choose a tasting cup or a three-talent cup (with a lid) to show the quality of tea to the guests most intuitively. This kind of tea art has no fixed procedures and explanations, but requires tea artists to watch people make tea and talk about tea on the basis of fully understanding the essence of tea. Watching people make tea refers to brewing tea that is most suitable for guests' tastes according to their age, gender and living area, and showing the guarantee factors of tea products (such as tea color, fragrance and rhyme). Talking about good tea refers to skillfully introducing the charm factors of good tea (such as luxury, popularity, rarity, health care effect, cultural connotation and so on). ) According to the guests' educational level and hobbies, it can stimulate the guests' desire to buy, resulting in the impulse of "impromptu purchase" or even "patronizing purchase".
Marketing tea art requires tea artists to be sincere, confident, friendly, rich in tea knowledge and ingenious marketing skills.
Healthy tea ceremony
Health-preserving tea art includes traditional health-preserving tea art and modern health-preserving tea art. Traditional health-preserving tea art refers to people's deep understanding of the spirit of China tea ceremony, combined with health-preserving techniques of China Buddhism and Taoism, such as body-regulating, heart-regulating, breath-regulating, food-regulating, sleep-regulating, meditation or qigong guidance, so that people can use tea to maintain their health, cultivate their hearts with Taoism, and prolong their lives. Modern health-preserving tea art refers to making health-preserving tea suitable for your physical condition and taste according to the latest research results of modern Chinese medicine and combining the characteristics of different flowers, fruits, spices and medicinal materials. Health tea art advocates self-soaking, self-pouring, self-drinking and self-entertainment, which is welcomed by more and more tea people.
4. Tea set
Tea set
Chaze: An apparatus for taking tea leaves out of a teapot and putting them in it.
Teaspoon: A tool for pouring Chaze tea into a teapot.
Leaking tea (barrel): put it on the spout to guide the tea leaves into the pot and prevent the tea leaves from scattering outside the pot.
Tea lotus: it is a multifunctional appliance, which not only has the functions of the first three, but also can be seen from the shape, quantity and smell of tea.
Tea crushing: used to crush long tea leaves in tea lotus root and put them into the pot conveniently.
Tea pot: a small teapot for repackaging tea leaves.
Li tea set
Tea clip: take out the tea residue from the pot and cup; You can pinch the cup when washing it to prevent your hands from being burned.
Teaspoon: used to put tea leaves and dig tea dregs.
Tea needle: used to connect the inner network of the pot.
Tea paddle (hairpin): an instrument for skimming tea foam; The tip is used to pass through the spout.
Powder tea set
Tea sea (small cup, mother cup, male cup): after the tea soup in the teapot is soaked, it can be poured into the tea sea and then evenly distributed according to the number of people; When the number of people is small, pour out the tea to avoid the bitter taste caused by soaking for too long. The filter screen on the tea sea can filter out the tea residue that flows out when pouring tea.
Pinmingqi
Teacup (teacup): used to sip tea soup.
Sniffing cup: In order to preserve the fragrance of tea for sniffing.
Cup holder: a small tray for placing teacups, which can avoid hot tea soup and also play an aesthetic role.
prostitute
Tea tray: A tray for holding teacups or other tea sets.
Tea boat (tea pool, tea washing, pot holder): a device for holding teapot, which is also used to receive overflow and pour tea soup. It is a necessary tool for raising pots.
Slag side: used to hold tea residue.
Water side (teapot, kettle): used to receive discarded tea leaves.
Polyester square towel: used for placing cups and plates to be cleaned after use.
Tea towel: mainly used for drying pots, which can dry the mixed water left at the bottom of teapot and tea sea; Secondly, it is used to wipe off the water droplets on the desktop.
Chaze containers, teaspoons, tea clips, etc.
other
Boiler: There are many kinds, such as charcoal stove (Chaoshan stove)+imperial tree _, alcohol stove+glass kettle, electric kettle, induction cooker, etc. The key point of selection is that the tea set is harmonious and the boiled water has no peculiar smell.
Pot mats: textiles. Used to separate the pot from the tea boat to avoid the influence of noise on the atmosphere.
Lid: a small dish (usually replaced by a saucer) for placing teapot lids and kettle lids.
Tea tray: A tray for serving tea.
Brush tea: used to brush off the residual tea powder in tea lotus root after putting tea.
Thermometer: used to learn to judge the water temperature.
Tea towel tray: used for placing tea towels, tea brushes, thermometers, etc.
Incense burner: Drinking tea and burning incense can increase the interest of tea.
Second, tea ceremony
1, the origin of tea ceremony
Tea ceremony originated in China. At least before the Tang Dynasty, China people took tea as a way to cultivate one's morality for the first time in the world. In the "Feng Ji" in the Tang Dynasty, there is such a record: "The tea ceremony is so prosperous that all princes and ministers drink it." Tea drinking, tea drinking and other tea ceremonies are widely circulated and all the rage. There are no princes and nobles who don't drink tea. This is the earliest record of tea ceremony in existing literature. It can be seen that the earliest and most perfect tea ceremony is the fried tea ceremony initiated by Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty. Lu Wen vividly described the elegant atmosphere of tea banquet and the wonderful charm of tea tasting in the preface to the tea banquet on March 3.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, people were very particular about the environment, etiquette and operation of drinking tea. With some established rules and ceremonies, tea banquets are divided into palace tea banquets, temple tea banquets and literati tea banquets. I also have a deep understanding of the self-cultivation function of tea.
2. The development of tea ceremony
China is the origin of tea trees. However, China is not the only origin of tea trees in the world. Local natural tea trees can also be found in other countries in the world. But it is universally acknowledged that China has made outstanding contributions to human beings in the tea industry, mainly because tea was first discovered and utilized, and developed into a splendid and unique tea culture in China, and gradually spread to neighboring countries in China and even the whole world.
3. Tea ceremony program
Tea washing: pour boiling water into the pot and pour it out quickly.
Brewing: Put the boiling water into the pot again, and the spout "nods" three times during the pouring process, which is called "Phoenix Festival" to show respect for the guests. "Spring Breeze Blows Face": The water should be higher than the spout, and the tea should be painted off with the lid.
Pot sealing: cover the pot and pour boiling water all over the pot.
Divide cups: group fragrant cups and teacups with tea clips and put them on the saucer. "Jade liquid belongs to the pot": pour the tea soup in the pot into the fair mug, so that everyone can taste the tea with all colors and flavors.
Divide the pot: pour the tea soup into the fragrant cup separately, and the tea is seven minutes full.
Serve tea: serve tea for guests.
Smell the fragrance: the guest pours the tea soup into the cup and smells the lingering fragrance in the cup.
Tea tasting: guests pick up a cup of tea with three fingers and sip it slowly in three bites. Accompanied by guzheng, they mainly soak fire and incense. Clean hands, first recruit tea people, invite guests to taste tea, and then enjoy tools: pay attention to the use of porcelain and pottery-Jingdezhen porcelain. Yixing teapot. Hot cup kettle is to pour boiling water into teapot, fair cup, fragrant cup and teacup, and the sanitary ware will heat up. "Oolong into the palace": Put oolong tea into the teapot.
Tea ceremony should follow certain rules. In order to defeat Jiu Nan in the Tang Dynasty, it was made, divided, utensils, fire, water, roasted, chopped, boiled and drunk. Tea was tasted at three o'clock in the Song Dynasty, and the "three o'clock" at three o'clock was a combination of fresh tea, fresh spring and clean utensils. The weather was fine and the guests were like-minded. On the contrary, it is "three points". The Ming dynasty is thirteen clothes and seven taboos. "Thirteen Appropriate" refers to having nothing to do, two guests, three sitting alone, four reciting poems, five waving hands, six wandering, seven sleeping, eight waiting to wake up, nine offering sacrifices, ten quiet houses, eleven knowing, twelve appreciating and thirteen reading; The "seven taboos" are once for the law, twice for the evil, three subjects and objects are not rhyme, four crowns and clothes are harsh, five meats and five vegetarian dishes, six busy and redundant, and the desk between seven walls is even more boring.
4. Classification of tea ceremony
Jian tea ceremony
Put the tea powder into the pot and add water to boil. It was first recorded in the Tang Dynasty, and there was a saying of "eating tea". Popular in Song Dynasty.
The gold tea set unearthed in Famen Temple shows the situation of people "eating tea" in the Tang Dynasty. The tea leaves are dried, ground into powder and boiled in water. When cooking tea, salt and other spices are sometimes added to drink with tea, so it is also called "eating tea".
Boiling tea in Tang Dynasty was the earliest art form of tea tasting.
Dou tea ceremony
Ancient literati each carried tea and water, and judged the quality of tea by comparing tea noodles with soup flowers and tasting tea soup. Doucha, also known as Doucha, flourished in the late Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty. It was first popular in Jianzhou, Fujian. Fighting tea is the highest expression of ancient tea tasting art, and its ultimate goal is to taste tea, especially to absorb the soup flowers on the tea surface. Finally, tea drinkers must taste the tea soup, so that the color, fragrance and taste are all good, which is the final victory of the tea war.
Gongfucha road
Kung fu tea, popular in some areas since the Qing Dynasty, is the charm of tea tasting art since the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, congou tea was popular in Tingzhou, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou and Chaozhou, Guangdong. Later, it was also popular in Qimen, Anhui. Kung fu tea pays attention to drinking time. There are two kinds of drinking congou: self-frying and self-tasting, and entertaining guests, especially guests.
5. Tea ceremony equipment
Tea set
Chaze: An apparatus for taking tea leaves out of a teapot and putting them in it.
Teaspoon: A tool for pouring Chaze tea into a teapot.
Leaking tea (barrel): put it on the spout to guide the tea leaves into the pot and prevent the tea leaves from scattering outside the pot.
Tea lotus: it is a multifunctional appliance, which not only has the functions of the first three, but also can be seen from the shape, quantity and smell of tea.
Tea crushing: used to crush long tea leaves in tea lotus root and put them into the pot conveniently.
Tea pot: a small teapot for repackaging tea leaves.
Li tea set
Tea clip: take out the tea residue from the pot and cup; You can pinch the cup when washing it to prevent your hands from being burned.
Teaspoon: used to put tea leaves and dig tea dregs.
Tea needle: used to connect the inner network of the pot.
Tea paddle (hairpin): an instrument for skimming tea foam; The tip is used to pass through the spout.
Tea knife: take tea and pour it.
Powder tea set
Tea sea (small cup, mother cup, male cup): after the tea soup in the teapot is soaked, it can be poured into the tea sea and then evenly distributed according to the number of people; When the number of people is small, pour out the tea to avoid the bitter taste caused by soaking for too long. The filter screen on the tea sea can filter out the tea residue that flows out when pouring tea.
Pinmingqi
Teacup (teacup): used to sip tea soup.
Sniffing cup: In order to preserve the fragrance of tea for sniffing.
Cup holder: a small tray for placing teacups, which can avoid hot tea soup and also play an aesthetic role.
prostitute
Tea tray: A tray for holding teacups or other tea sets.
Tea boat (tea pool, tea washing, pot holder): a device for holding teapot, which is also used to receive overflow and pour tea soup. It is a necessary tool for raising pots.
Slag side: used to hold tea residue.
Water side (teapot, kettle): used to receive discarded tea leaves.
Polyester square towel: used for placing cups and plates to be cleaned after use.
Tea towel: mainly used for drying pots, which can dry the mixed water left at the bottom of teapot and tea sea; Secondly, it is used to wipe off the water droplets on the desktop.
Chaze containers, teaspoons, tea clips, etc.
Subsidiary part
Boiler: There are many kinds, such as charcoal stove (Chaoshan stove)+imperial tree _, alcohol stove+glass kettle, electric kettle, induction cooker, etc. The key point of selection is that the tea set is harmonious and the boiled water has no peculiar smell.
Pot mats: textiles. Used to separate the pot from the tea boat to avoid the influence of noise on the atmosphere.
Lid: a small dish (usually replaced by a saucer) for placing teapot lids and kettle lids.
Tea tray: A tray for serving tea.
Brush tea: used to brush off the residual tea powder in tea lotus root after putting tea.
Thermometer: used to learn to judge the water temperature.
Tea towel tray: used for placing tea towels, tea brushes, thermometers, etc.
Incense burner: Drinking tea and burning incense can increase the interest of tea.
6, tea ceremony 6 gentleman
The Six Gentlemen of Tea Ceremony, also known as the Six Merits of Tea Ceremony, refer to tea cones, tea spoons, tea leaks, Chaze, tea clips and tea needles.
Tea cone: It is used to hold tea sets. The tea box we are talking about is one of the most common gentlemen.
Teaspoon: Teaspoon is a small spoon for taking tea conveniently and hygienically, which is used to transfer tea leaves from tea lotus to tea-making utensils.
Leaking tea: put it at the mouth of the pot, which is convenient for putting the tea leaves in the tea lotus into the pot; It's almost useless, just like we need a funnel to pour gasoline into the car.
Chaze: Used to hold tea and show it to tea tasters; Not to mention this, it is a device that allows everyone to appreciate the appearance of tea while filling it.
Tea clip: used to clip tea cups; Convenient and hygienic, because ordinary tea cups need to be disinfected with boiling water to show hygiene, and they can be taken out with tea clips, which is hygienic and beautiful.
Tea needle: it is a slender needle-like object used to dredge the spout when the teapot is blocked by tea leaves; Convenient for tea leaves to flow out.
7. Tea ceremony customs in various countries
India
Indians drink milk tea and also like to drink a kind of "samara tea" with ginger or cardamom. Indians drink tea in a very special way. They poured the tea on the plate and licked it with their tongues. In addition, they will never send tea sets with their left hands, because their left hands are used for bathing and going to the toilet.
Mongolia
Mongolians mainly eat meat, drinking tea and brick tea almost every meal. This kind of brick tea is a kind of tea made into blocks. When brewing, tap a small piece, put it in a pot and add water to boil. You can't simply brew with boiling water. This kind of tea is made of milk tea with some salt, milk, goat's milk and cream.
Japan
Japanese people are famous for their "tea ceremony" when drinking tea, and there is a teahouse at home. Most of them are steamed green tea (fried tea), and in recent years they also drink oolong tea. Tea-making method is widely used among the people, and the worst habit is to drink herbal tea, which is different from China's so-called taboo to drink herbal tea and overnight tea. Based on the Japanese tea ceremony, the whole process is ritualized through a large number of complicated articles and repeated prescribed actions, the serious and cautious mentality between the host and the guest and the quiet and bleak atmosphere.
Britain, England
The British are addicted to drinking tea, which is also grand. When you wake up in the morning, you should have bed tea on an empty stomach, morning tea 1 1, afternoon tea after lunch and evening tea after dinner. Mostly flavored tea or mixed scented tea. This kind of open tea ceremony in Britain is gratifying because it is based on the new life and tradition of drinking tea and has universality and initiative.
Russia
Russians like drinking black tea. They first soak a thick pot in the teapot, pour a little into the teacup when they want to drink, and then rush into boiling water to adjust different tastes according to their habits. When the guests come, pour out the strong tea in the teapot and boil it, then add jam or honey to the tea to make sauce tea, and you can enjoy it. Six major teas in China >>
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