Is this senile disease?
Alzheimer's Harmo's disease (AD), also known as Alzheimer's Harmo's disease, usually occurs in people over 70 years old, so AD is a senile disease. With the development of aging, the age of patients with Alzheimer's disease has expanded to about 50-90 years old, and the incidence rate has increased year by year. At present, there are about 48 million patients in the world, and a new case will be added every 3 seconds. With the aging of population, the harm of Alzheimer's disease is becoming more and more obvious.
Harm and staging of Alzheimer's disease
Let's use the word Alzheimer's disease. At first, the symptoms are very mild, such as memory loss and careless handling of things, which is very common among the elderly. But if this situation lasts for a year or two, the situation will begin to deteriorate, such as memory loss and inability to carry out outdoor activities independently. This stage can last for 2 to 8 years; After that, what is more serious is the complete loss of memory, inability to take care of themselves, incontinence, reticence, stiff body, inseparable from people's care, and eventually coma, usually dying of complications such as infection. So it can be roughly divided into these three periods.
So how to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from simple senile degeneration in the early stage?
From the above analysis, we know that the early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease are somewhat similar to normal natural aging of the elderly. It is precisely because of this that it is extremely easy to be ignored. So how should we distinguish? Several key and important checkpoints can tell you:
Do you get lost in places where you often move? Will you forget what happened ten minutes or half an hour ago? Have you not expressed what you want to say for a long time? Can't say the name of your child or spouse for a long time? Did you have a mild personality before and gradually become irritable and suspicious? Are you acting very insecure? If these situations occur, family members should pay attention to them.
There is also a three-question test method:
Question 1: Read five words on the paper: red, velvet, chrysanthemum, face and church. Say five more words in five minutes.
Objective: To test a person's delayed memory, not just immediate memory.
Question 2: What year is this year? What month is it now? What city are you in now? What day is it today?
Objective: To test the sense of time and space, also called time orientation and orientation orientation.
The third question: Say a word: "When the dog is in the room, the cat always hides under the sofa", which needs to be repeated.
Objective: To test the fluency of language functions.
If you can't judge and need medical help, what tests should you do?
First of all, neurology department also has some complete sets of test methods to judge the severity of AD, which are quantified by scoring model, such as physical self-care ability, tool use ability, behavioral and mental symptom evaluation and so on.
Secondly, hematology and imaging examination should be carried out. In fact, hematology mainly excludes the interference of other diseases. What is really meaningful is imaging examination, such as head CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging. If the cerebral cortex shrinks obviously and the subcortical blood vessels change obviously, it can support the diagnosis of AD.
It is also an auxiliary method to extract cerebrospinal fluid for detection, but after all, extracting cerebrospinal fluid is traumatic and has low specificity, so it is best to diagnose it directly with some instruments. Some auxiliary diagnostic methods, such as positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and electroencephalogram (EEG), can also improve the reliability of diagnosis of Alzheimer's Harmo's disease.
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What are Alzheimer's Harmo disease, Alzheimer's Harmo disease and Alzheimer's Harmo disease?
Named after a doctor
Harmo Hamo, Arrois-Alz
Alzheimer's _ Harmo's disease (AD) is a group of symptoms caused by neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular disease, infection, trauma, tumor, nutritional metabolism disorder and so on. It is a persistent and comprehensive mental decline of patients in conscious state, which is manifested in memory, calculation ability, judgment, attention, abstract thinking ability, language function decline, mood and behavior disorder.
What is Alzheimer's disease? What is Alzheimer's disease?
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a latent progressive neurodegenerative disease. Clinical manifestations are memory disorder, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, visuospatial skill disorder, executive dysfunction and personality behavior change, etc., and the causes are still unclear. People who get sick before the age of 65 are called Alzheimer's disease; Alzheimer's disease occurs after the age of 65.
The cause of disease
The disease may be a heterogeneous disease, which is caused by many factors (including biological factors and social psychological factors). From the current research, there are more than 30 possible factors and hypotheses of the disease, such as family history, female, head trauma, low education level, thyroid disease, maternal reproductive age is too high or too low, virus infection and so on.
clinical picture
The onset is slow or hidden, and patients and their families often don't know when to start. It is more common in the elderly over 70 years old (male 73 years old, female 75 years old), and a few patients have rapid and clear symptoms after physical illness, fracture or mental stimulation. There are more women than men (female: male is 3: 1). The main manifestations are cognitive decline, mental symptoms and behavioral disorders, and the ability of daily living is gradually declining. According to the deterioration of cognitive ability and physical function, it can be divided into three periods.
The first stage (1 ~ 3 years)
It's a mild dementia stage. It is characterized by memory loss and prominent forgetfulness of recent events; The ability to judge is reduced, so patients can't analyze, think and judge events, and it is difficult to deal with complex problems; Careless work or housework, unable to complete shopping and economic affairs independently, and social difficulties; Although I can still do some familiar daily work, I am confused, indifferent, occasionally agitated and often suspicious of new things; Have time orientation disorder, can orient places and people, have difficulty in geographical orientation, and have poor visual space ability of complex structures; There are so few words in speech that it is difficult to name them.
The second stage (2 ~ 10 year)
This is a stage of moderate dementia. It shows that the memory of far and near is seriously damaged, the visual space ability of simple structures is reduced, and the orientation of time and place is blocked; There is serious damage in dealing with problems and distinguishing similarities and differences between things; Can't do outdoor activities independently, and need help in dressing, personal hygiene and keeping personal appearance; Calculation is not possible; There are various neurological symptoms, including aphasia, apraxia and agnosia; Emotion changes from apathy to impatience, often walking around, manifested as urinary incontinence.
The third stage (8 ~ 12)
This is a stage of severe dementia. The patient has completely relied on the caregiver, and his memory is seriously lacking, with only a fragment of memory; Unable to take care of themselves in daily life, incontinence, silence, stiff limbs, positive cone beam sign on physical examination, strong grip, groping and sucking and other primitive reflexes. Eventually coma, usually died of complications such as infection.
prognosis
Because the pathogenic factors involve many aspects, we must not simply treat them with drugs. Clinical meticulous and scientific nursing plays a vital role in patients' behavior correction and memory recovery. Those who stay in bed for a long time should pay attention to defecation, turn over and wipe their backs regularly to prevent pressure ulcers. Patients who are agitated should be accompanied by their families to avoid accidents. Pay attention to the patient's diet and daily life, and give assistance or nasal feeding to those who can't eat or have difficulty eating. Strengthen the training of patients' living ability and memory.
Reference:
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