Not much to say, let's enjoy the beautiful picture first ~

The gluteus maximus, located in the buttocks, is a rhomboid muscle covering the outermost layer, with a large attachment area at the proximal and distal ends, which is suitable for stabilizing joints or providing powerful strength.

From the direction of muscle fibers, that is, the direction of muscle tension line, gluteus maximus is generally a muscle arranged obliquely in a figure of eight on the back of the human body.

Therefore, gluteus maximus is not only a hip extensor, but also has a powerful hip external rotation function. It can produce the strength of hip external rotation, even exceeding the sum of all other hip external rotation muscles.

From the outside of ilium and the back of sacrum, the fibers incline outward and downward, covering the greater trochanter, and terminate in iliotibial tract and gluteal muscle tuberosity behind femur.

① Proximal fixation

The thigh stretches and rotates at the hip joint, the upper part of the muscle contracts for thigh abduction, and the lower part of the muscle contracts for thigh adduction.

② distal fixation

One side contracts, turning the pelvis to the other side.

Both sides contract at the same time, so that the pelvis leans back and the trunk stretches back, maintaining the balance of standing.

In order to facilitate memory, the function of gluteus maximus can be summarized as follows:

● The most powerful hip extensor

● The most powerful hip external rotator.

● Fixed contraction will make the pelvis backward.

● Upper hip abduction and lower hip adduction.

▼ Hip lift

▼ Hip external rotation

▼ Hip abduction (upper part)

▼ Hip adduction (lower part)

The gluteus medius is deep in the gluteus maximus, and the quadratus femoris is also covered by the gluteus maximus.

As can be seen from the above picture, the gluteus medius starts from the lateral iliac wing and ends at the greater trochanter of femur.

The quadratus femoris starts from the ischial tubercle and ends at the intertrochanteric ridge of femur.

The function of gluteus medius is similar to that of gluteus minimus. The lower paragraph says that the function of quadratus femoris is similar to that of obturator internus and obturator exteriorus, and the fourth paragraph says.

Gluteus minimus is located on the deep side of the gluteus medius muscle.

It starts from the bone surface below the front line of hip joint and above acetabulum, and ends at the greater trochanter of femur.

① Proximal fixation

Hip abduction

The front of the two muscles can bend and rotate the thigh inward, and the back of the two muscles can stretch and rotate the thigh outward.

② distal fixation

The contraction of one side of both muscles inclines the pelvis to the same side.

The contraction of muscle fibers in front of the two muscles makes the pelvis lean forward, and the contraction of muscle fibers in the back of the two muscles makes the pelvis lean backward.

The external obturator muscle is in front of the quadratus femoris, and the internal obturator muscle is in the medial wall of pelvis.

The external obturator muscle originates from the lateral obturator fascia and its surrounding bone surface.

The obturator internus originates from the inner surface of obturator fascia and its surrounding bone surface.

Both muscles stop at the femoral trochanteric fossa.

When approaching fixation, make the thigh rotate outward at the hip joint.

Ilipsoas muscle consists of iliopsoas muscle and psoas major muscle. He is a "famous figure" in the field of fitness and is often named in the field of posture correction. The sit-ups we did wrong in those years were also mentioned.

Iliac muscle starts from iliac fossa, psoas major starts from the lateral surface and transverse process of thoracic vertebra 12 and lumbar vertebra 1 ~ 5, and both muscles stop at femoral trochanter.

① Proximal fixation

Flexion and external rotation of thigh at hip joint.

② distal fixation

Contraction on one side causes the trunk to bend sideways, contraction on both sides causes the trunk to bend forward and the pelvis to tilt forward.

As for the topic of hip muscles, what does iliopsoas muscle do? We will use it in later articles, so stay tuned ~

The piriformis muscle is located in the posterior wall of the small pelvis, starting from the outside of the presacral foramen in front of the sacrum and ending in the greater trochanter of the femur. When near fixation, the thigh can rotate and abduct at the hip joint, and when far fixation, both sides can contract at the same time, which can make the pelvis lean backwards.

Piriformis syndrome is a common disease, which can cause acute and chronic sciatica.

It is generally believed that the high branch of common peroneal nerve passes through piriformis muscle bundle or sciatic nerve passes through piriformis muscle abdomen. When piriformis muscle is injured, congestion, edema, spasm, adhesion and contracture occur, and the muscle space or the upper and lower holes of muscle become narrower, squeezing the nerves and blood vessels passing through it, so a series of clinical symptoms and somatic symptoms are called piriformis muscle injury syndrome.

Many nerves and blood vessels in the human body pass through the piriformis muscle, and some even pass through the abdomen of the piriformis muscle.

For an inappropriate example, piriformis is like a security guard at the gate of a community. If you say hello to him every time you pass by the door and nod and smile at each other, it will be smooth to get in and out of the community.

However, if the piriformis becomes tense, the security guard will stop you every time you enter and leave the community, check your documents, and your attitude is not good, so it is inconvenient to enter and leave the community.

Healthy muscles are soft and elastic, blood circulation and nerve conduction are smooth, and there is no problem. But the muscles that often don't exercise or stretch are very stiff and unhealthy, just like my code words staying up late, or code words all day on weekends, and my shoulders and neck are very stiff and uncomfortable, which is caused by muscle tension.

The living habits of modern people and the health status of piriformis muscle of sedentary people are even more worrying. ...

Hmm ... Please help yourself with this part, especially women, especially postpartum women. At the same time, pelvic floor muscles have a greater relationship with "sexual happiness" for both men and women. It is suggested to focus on "PC muscle"

When sprinters are preparing for the start, they will bend their hips and fall to the ground. When the gunfire rings, they will fly away like an arrow that leaves the string. When basketball players grab rebounds and prepare to take off, they must first squat down and be in a state of hip flexion, so that they can jump higher.

Because when the body is in a state of bending the hips and knees, it is the most powerful to stretch the hips and knees.

When the buttocks bend, the gluteus maximus is elongated, providing enough torque for the buttocks to stretch. If the gluteus maximus is in the hip extension state, then the gluteus maximus that has been shortened in advance can no longer fully contract, which is what we often call "initiative deficiency"

Starting from the function of gluteus maximus, when we stand, gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles work together to pull the pelvis backward and prevent the pelvis and body from leaning forward.

Unilateral contraction of gluteus maximus has the function of hip external rotation. Hip external rotation is an almost fixed movement. If it is changed to far fixation, unilateral gluteus maximus contraction can make the pelvis rotate to the opposite side and tilt to the same side.

The protective effect of gluteus maximus on human body in life is not only to stabilize pelvis, but also to reflect its centrifugal contraction ability. The "heart" here refers to the center of the muscle. For example, when the gluteus maximus is stretched in the process of squatting, it is the centrifugal movement of the gluteus maximus.

Even for a person who seldom exercises, there are many squats and sittings in daily life. One of the joint activities of squatting is hip flexion. In the process of squatting or sitting down, the gluteus maximus exerts its centrifugal contraction function, so that our body can fall slowly in a controlled way without falling down.

Strengthening the centrifugal contraction ability of gluteus maximus is of clinical significance for the middle-aged and elderly people to prevent falls and some patients to restore their normal squat ability.

Gluteus maximus and pelvic floor muscles are directly connected, and their functions are also closely related.

You can stand up and do an experiment: straighten your legs, do hip external rotation and pelvic backward movement, and then contract the anus and urethra. Next, the legs do hip pronation, the pelvis leans forward, and then the anus and urethra are contracted. You will obviously find that the contraction force in the two cases is completely different! It can be seen how gluteus maximus directly affects people's urogenital function.

Some people's problems in andrology and gynecology can also be improved by strengthening gluteus maximus. In addition, many training movements need to clamp the buttocks, and the movements will be more stable after clamping the buttocks. The reason is "nepotism" between gluteus maximus and pelvic floor muscles.

Some post-traumatic patients or patients with lumbar disc herniation will have different degrees of gluteal muscle contracture, and their gluteal maximus muscles are tense and weak.

For this special group, it is recommended to do more stretching training of gluteus maximus. Although their gluteal muscle contracture is caused by nerve, blood supply and other factors, we can improve the circulation and proprioception of pelvis and its surroundings while dealing with gluteus maximus. Exercising gluteus maximus can also strengthen the stability of patients' pelvis and lower limbs, reduce the stress and compensation of lumbar vertebrae, help patients to accelerate their rehabilitation, restore their basic functions and return to normal as soon as possible.

Disclaimer: All articles published on WeChat official account are only shared as popular science knowledge and cannot replace professional medical advice. If you are sick, please see a doctor in time.