First, the overall concept

The whole is unified and complete. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the human body is an organic whole, and the components of the human body are inseparable in structure, coordinated in function and influenced by pathology. At the same time, people also realize that the human body is closely related to the natural environment, and the physiological and pathological changes of the human body are constantly influenced by nature. This concept of the unity of the internal and external environment and the integrity of the body itself is called the holistic concept. This idea runs through physiology, pathology, dialectics and nursing.

1

The human body is an organic whole.

The human body is composed of several organs, organs and tissues, and each organ, organ and tissue has different functions. For example, the heart controls the blood vessels and the mind, and the lung controls the qi, breathing and descending, which has the function of regulating water channels and treating the pulse.

However, the functions of the five internal organs are all part of the whole activity, which determines the physiological interaction of human organs, organs and tissues to maintain the coordination and balance between their physiological activities and pathology.

The part and the whole of the human body are dialectical unity, and the pathological changes in a certain part of the human body often reflect the ups and downs of the whole body's qi and blood, yin and yang. Therefore, in the process of nursing, we must proceed from the whole, understand the internal diseases of the body by observing the external changes of patients, so as to put forward nursing problems and take nursing measures to make the diseases recover as soon as possible. If we see the local lesions of oral erosion in clinic, the essence is the performance of excessive heart fire. Because the heart begins to understand the tongue, the relationship between the heart and the small intestine is exterior-interior. In addition to the erosion of tongue coating, patients may also have symptoms such as chest pain, short urine and red urine. In nursing care, besides local administration, patients should also be instructed to maintain emotional comfort, and should not eat greasy, fried, spicy and other products that help to clear away heat and promote diuresis, but should eat more light and purging fire products, such as mung bean soup and bitter gourd. In order to clear the heart fire by purging the fire of small intestine, the erosion of tongue coating and oral cavity can be cured.

2

The Unity of Man and Nature

Human beings live in nature, and there are necessary conditions for human survival in nature. At the same time, changes in nature can directly or indirectly affect the human body, and the human body produces physiological reactions accordingly. If it goes beyond the physiological range, it will produce lesions.

(1) Influence of seasonal climate on human body: In the climate change throughout the year, the temperature is high in spring, hot in summer, cool in autumn and cold in winter. Under the influence of this climate change, everything will have corresponding changes such as spring, summer, autumn harvest and winter storage. The human body is no exception, and we must adapt to it to keep healthy.

(2) The influence of day and night dusk on the human body: In the process of the change of Yin and Yang at day and night dusk, although the amplitude is not as obvious as the climate change in the four seasons, the human body must also adapt.

Second, dialectical nursing

Nursing based on syndrome differentiation is another basic feature of TCM nursing, and it is a special research and nursing method of TCM for diseases.

The so-called syndrome differentiation is to analyze and synthesize the data, symptoms and characteristics collected by the four diagnostic methods (looking, smelling, asking and feeling) to determine the cause, nature, location and the relationship between evil and positive, and to judge it as a syndrome of a certain nature. Nursing is to determine the corresponding nursing methods according to the results of syndrome differentiation. Differentiation of symptoms and signs is the premise and basis of determining nursing, and it is also the means and method of nursing diseases. The correctness of dialectics can be tested by the effect of nursing.

Dialectics and nursing,

In the nursing process, they are two inseparable aspects, and they are also the concrete embodiment of integrating theory with practice.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that syndrome and syndrome are different concepts.

Symptoms are symptoms, such as cough, headache and insomnia. "Syndrome" is a pathological summary of a certain stage in the process of disease development. Such as wind-cold syndrome and wind-heat syndrome. Because it includes the location, etiology, nature and the relationship between pathogenic factors and positive factors, it is more comprehensive and profound than symptoms, thus revealing the essence of the disease more correctly. But the "certificate"

It is also different from the concept of "disease". For example, Treatise on Febrile Diseases is divided into six meridians, including Taiyang disease, Yangming disease, Shaoyang disease, Taiyin disease, Shaoyin disease and Jueyin disease. Treatise on Febrile Diseases is divided into Wei syndrome, Qi syndrome, Ying syndrome and blood syndrome. However, Chinese medicine's understanding and concern for patients is dialectical. Syndrome differentiation focuses on syndrome differentiation. If you first see a patient with fever, aversion to cold, headache and pulse, your first impression is a cold. However, due to the different pathogenic factors and body reactivity, there are often different syndromes of wind-cold cold and wind-heat cold. Only by clearly distinguishing whether the "syndrome" of cold disease is wind-cold syndrome or wind-heat syndrome can we determine the nursing method. In the case of cold and cold, according to the nursing principle of "cold is hot", it is necessary to avoid cold and keep warm, and the room temperature should be high. Diet, you can give lobster sauce soup, raw concubine brown sugar water and other pungent and warm solutions; With wind-heat cold, according to the protection principle of "heat is cold", the room temperature should be low and the temperature should be high, so that patients can feel cool and comfortable, and the discomfort of upset and dry mouth can be alleviated. Diet should be given mung bean soup, watermelon, lotus root juice, bitter gourd and other products that are hot, spicy and cool.

However, in clinic, we can sometimes see that a disease includes several different syndromes, and different diseases can have the same syndrome in the development process. Under the guidance of the principle of dialectical nursing, we can adopt the methods of "different nursing for the same disease" and "different nursing for different diseases".

The so-called "different care for the same disease" refers to the same disease, because the onset time, region and patient's body responsiveness are different, or at different stages of development, the symptoms are different, and the nursing methods are different. Take a cold as an example. Because of the different onset seasons, the nursing methods are also different. For the summer cold, due to the feeling of summer evil, we should take some methods to get rid of summer heat and dampness. If you catch a cold in winter, you should eat warm Chinese medicine and help with hot drinks such as ginger, brown sugar and chopped green onion soup. After taking the medicine, cover the clothes and quilt to make the whole body sweat slightly, and Dahan will show the effect of relieving symptoms.

The so-called "treating different diseases at the same time" refers to different diseases at the same time. In its development process, because of the same pathogenesis, the same method can also be used for nursing. For example, products such as stewed chicken with Radix Astragali and Radix Codonopsis, glutinous rice porridge, Poria porridge, etc. Pay attention to rest, avoid fatigue, and nourish the middle qi; Acupuncture at Baihui, Guanyuan and Changqiang points is used to tonify middle energizer. Keep the perineum clean and fumigate with gallnut alum soup to promote reflux.

The essence of the so-called "syndrome with different protection" is that the concept of "syndrome" includes pathogenesis. It is the spiritual essence of dialectical nursing to solve different contradictions in the process of disease development in different ways.