(1) The word "You Zhu" first appeared in Chinese. "In ancient times, the imperial doctor took the shovel as the seat and the straw as the dog. People seek medical treatment when they are sick, and they curse in the north, and they are cured in ten words. This is also the reason why the ancients are willing to follow the branch. " In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Dao's Secrets of Outer Taiwan included "You Zhu Branch". At the latest in the Tang Dynasty, You Zhu became an independent branch of Chinese medicine system. In the Ming Dynasty, Taiji Hospital set up thirteen medical branches, and You Zhu branch was the last branch. According to Ma Su's Su Wen Zhu Zheng Fa Wei, "I wish the patient the source of his illness to tell God." That is, curse the disease, please bless god. You Zhu is an ancient method to treat diseases by praying spells. Later generations called people who used magic to cure diseases "Zhuyouke" [1]. However, after the excavation of "Fifty-two Diseases Prescriptions" in Mawangdui Han Tomb, some scholars studied the wishing part and got a controversial view. Wei Yuan, a scholar, thinks that wishing is a curse and the reason to drive away diseases [2], while Zhang Lijun, a scholar, thinks that wishing refers to the way to pray to God when grinding warts, which later became a special word for witchcraft, and "wishing" is an inseparable interpretation of Lian Mian's writing [3]. (2) According to the assertion that "You Zhu is the Southern God" since the Yuan Dynasty and the records in Volume III of Li Cheng by Xu Fengen, it is said that You Zhu was a native of Chenzhou (now Yuanling, Hunan Province) in western Hunan, and his magical power was handed down from generation to generation, that is, the later art of Chenzhou.

Second, a brief history of the development of tourists.

There are as many as 30 prescriptions for witchcraft and prayer in 52 diseases, accounting for about110 of the total prescriptions [4]. Among them, Zhuyouke still belongs to the method of witchcraft and prayer, which is mysterious, but in Suwen, You Zhu has become one of the TCM theories with "transforming essence into qi" as the core. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a seat for You Zhu in thirteen subjects, and "Records of Officials Attached to Books" recorded that there were "two doctors who wanted to ban" in the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Although You Zhu has always been on the edge of the traditional Chinese medicine system, its existence is beyond doubt, and there is no need to deify it. In the Qing Dynasty, "You Zhu" prevailed among the people, especially in Chenzhou, and was gradually attached by local wizards, making it full of regional colors and strong superstitious colors.

Third, the treatment methods and principles

Zhu Youke's tools and methods for treating diseases are very convenient. While chanting, breathing, walking, drawing the ground, etc. They are all added, and roof grass, silkworms, coin mud, clods, sunflower seeds, peach branches and so on are all ready-made [5]. On the surface, this seems to be a form of superstition. In fact, it is the most primitive psychotherapy, which has certain scientific truth. It has the medical connotation of psychotherapy, and its medical function is usually submerged in the atmosphere of Taoist religious activities chanting incantations, which is not observed by the world. The ancients knew for a long time that there were unknown reasons besides worldly desires, which were attributed to "ghosts and gods causing diseases", but in modern times it was actually psychological factors causing diseases. For more than 400 years BC, Hippocrates believed that language is also one of the tools for doctors to save lives, and wishing Yuko a cure should also be this kind of psychological suggestion therapy based on language.

Fourth, the curative effect case

Cai Anna in Fujian treated an unmarried young woman. Young women suffer from insomnia, sluggishness and emaciation, but the physical and chemical examination is "disease-free". She has taken Chinese and western medicines many times and has been anxious about her lifelong events. Cai wished the patient the cause with words, which made the patient feel comfortable and the symptoms disappeared [6].

V. Opinions of the author

The author grew up in the mountainous area in the north of western Hunan, and has personally seen the magic similar to Zhu Youke since he was a child. For example, if a child is frightened, he needs to ask "Grandpa" to burn incense and recite a spell and prick his finger with a needle, so that the fishbone stuck in his throat can be easily taken out with water. Many villagers paint symbols to cure diseases and sell all kinds of strange herbs. I don't know if it's mysterious or really effective. I should be exposed to the later Chenzhou art, which contains many superstitious things. As a medical skill, I believe it exists, but now it has developed into a regional feature with witches. However, it is undeniable that the early development of Zhuyouke has always been an important part of the "emotional therapy" of traditional Chinese medicine, and it still has certain reference significance for the development of modern psychological medicine.

References:

[1] Luo, Chinese Dictionary (Simplified Edition) [M]. Shanghai: Chinese Dictionary Publishing House, 1997:4445.

[2] Wei Yuan's "Fifty-two Diseases Prescriptions" wished by the law [J]. journal of traditional chinese medicine, Hunan, 1998, (1)

[3] Zhang Lijun, Study on 52 Prescriptions of Diseases [J]. China Journal of Medical History, 1997, (3)

[4] Silk Book Arrangement Group of Mawangdui Han Tomb, 52 pieces [M] Beijing: Cultural Relics Publishing House, 1979:56-78.

[5] Zhang Lijun, Prescription Study on Fifty-two Diseases [J] Chinese Journal of Medicine,1997 (7):144-147.

[6] Wang, Liu Hui, Psychotherapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine [M]. Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House, 1986:46-47.