In the fifth century BC, pulse diagnosis appeared in our country, and it has been used ever since, which fully proved its strong vitality and scientific nature. Modern pulse research has confirmed that the formation of pulse condition mainly depends on the function of heart, the function of blood vessels and the quality and quantity of blood. These three aspects determine that the pulse condition has some morphological changes, that is, the image that the pulse condition should refer to, that is, the pulse condition. The pulse condition can first show the pathological changes of these three factors, and then infer other pathological changes from them. Obviously, the pulse condition has its objective factors.
The heart is the dynamic organ that forms the pulse condition, so the pulse condition can first reflect the pathological changes of the heart. Such as coronary heart disease, insufficient blood supply to the heart, low cardiac function, etc., can be reflected by pulse conditions. For example, when coronary heart disease is formed, the heart can stop beating, and then the pulse can be found through the pulse condition.
The vasomotor movement of blood vessels reflects the quality, quantity and speed of blood flow. Vascular diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, can also be reflected in the pulse condition.
The pulse characteristics of knot pulse are slow pulse, intermittent pulse and irregular pulse. And coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, hyperthyroidism heart disease and other diseases can appear pulse arrest.
The pulse condition of string pulse is characterized by increased vascular tension and straight and long pulse body end. String pulse reflects hypertension, increased blood flow resistance and hardening of blood vessel wall.
The pulse characteristics of pulse condition are thin, shallow and weak, that is, floating and weak. When the human body has a gastrointestinal cold (loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. And insufficient intake), acute gastroenteritis, vomiting, decreased body fluid and deficiency of qi and blood, all of which can be reflected in the pulse condition.
Many influencing factors are difficult to accurately grasp.
There are roughly 28 kinds of pulse conditions in human body, and each pulse condition is a reflection of human function, and it has a corresponding disease range. Pulse condition is a phenomenon of biological information transmission, which is a signal about circulatory system measured from the outside. Its disadvantages are inaccuracy and lack of quantification. For example, high blood pressure can be found by pulse, but blood pressure can't be measured. It is unscientific to say that hypertension is 180mmhg. Any organism transmits not only endogenous information, but also exogenous information. The endogenous factors that determine the pulse condition are mainly the three factors mentioned above. The external factors that determine the pulse condition are geography, climate and so on.
When it is cold, the blood vessels contract and become thinner, and the blood flow will slow down; When the weather is hot, the blood vessels dilate and widen, the blood flow accelerates, and the pulse condition will change accordingly. Even if the external environment is insignificant, the pulse condition may change obviously. If it is within the physiological adjustment range, it belongs to normal pulse condition; Beyond the physiological range is a pathological pulse condition. In the case of interference, the pulse condition is sometimes inaccurate and reliable. At this time, experience is particularly important. A Chinese doctor with superb medical skills and rich experience in pulse diagnosis can find lesions more accurately, while an ordinary Chinese doctor may make unclear diagnosis or even make mistakes.
The subtle method of inch-mouth diagnosis needs four diagnoses and joint reference
Pulse-taking includes three methods: acupuncturing, welcoming guests and Zhang Zhongjing. Now it is often used to jog. The pulse diagnosis site is the inside of the wrist, next to the high bone (styloid process of radius) behind the wrist, where the radial artery beats. The pulse position of radial artery corresponding to high bone is off, before off, inch and after off. The name of "Cungui" was first seen in Neijing, and the "Cunkou Diagnosis Method" was developed in the difficult classics. Inch, Guan and Chi correspond to different viscera respectively. Left hand inch corresponds to the heart, Guan corresponds to the liver, and red corresponds to the kidney (kidney water). The inch of the right hand corresponds to the lung, the Guan corresponds to the spleen, and the ruler corresponds to the kidney (life gate).
Holism and syndrome differentiation are two concepts in the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine is a combination of observation, hearing, questioning and palpation, and it is not appropriate to diagnose and treat diseases as a whole with only one diagnostic method. The information of human body is not only reflected in pulse condition, but also in skin surface, sound, smell and so on. It's just that the pulse condition is single and incomplete, which is easy to produce errors. Each of the four diagnostic methods has its own characteristics and unique functions. Pulse diagnosis can not replace other diagnostic methods, but should combine the four diagnosis methods to improve the accuracy of diagnosis.
The pulse condition of a healthy person should be four breaths at a time. There are pulses in three parts of the inch gauge, not floating or sinking, gentle and powerful, and the pulse of the foot gauge should be strong. Common pulse diseases include floating pulse, sinking pulse, late pulse, multiple pulse, deficiency pulse, solid pulse, slippery pulse, extensive pulse, thin pulse and chord pulse.
Floating pulse: press lightly to get it, then press again to decrease it. Main symptoms: Exterior syndrome is characterized by exterior pulse position because exogenous pathogenic factors stay in exterior, and defensive qi does not invade pathogenic factors, so that pulse qi is excited externally. Strong floating is the real thing; Floating without strength is superficial. Long-term internal injuries are caused by deficiency of yin and blood, deficiency of yang, yang deficiency floating outward and weak pulse.
Sinking pulse: you can't press it lightly, just press it again. Main symptoms: interior syndrome. Strength is the inner reality, and weakness is the inner weakness. Pathogenic qi is depressed inside, qi and blood block yang, and the pulse is heavy and powerful. Visceral weakness, yang deficiency and qi stagnation, rapid pulse weak gas, weak pulse.
Late pulse: slow pulse, (less than 60 pulses per minute). Main symptoms: cold syndrome. Strong is cold, weak is cold. Cold is depressed, qi and blood move slowly, and the pulse is slow and strong, which is the syndrome of excess cold. Deficiency of Yang Qi, inability of qi and blood to move, and slow and weak pulse are the syndromes of deficiency and cold.
Pulse count: rapid pulse, (pulse is more than 90 times per minute). Main symptoms: heat syndrome. Strong is excess heat, weak is deficiency heat. Exogenous fever starts at the beginning, viscera is full of heat, pathogenic heat is stimulated, blood circulation is accelerated, and strong pulse is excess heat. Blood deficiency, body fluid deficiency, blood deficiency, endogenous deficiency heat, pulse number and weakness are deficiency heat.
Deficiency pulse: all three pulses are weak. Press empty again. Main symptoms: deficiency syndrome: mostly due to deficiency of both qi and blood, the pulse condition is difficult to stimulate, so it is deficiency.
True pulse: All three pulses are powerful. Main diseases: Empirical evidence: evil is rampant, healthy qi is sufficient, good and evil are contending, qi and blood are full, and the pulse is strong.
Slippery pulse: press it smoothly, as smooth as pressing a ball. It is more common in young people with abundant qi and blood. The slippery pulse of pregnant women is a phenomenon of vigorous qi and blood to raise the fetus. They are all physiological phenomena.
Hong pulse: The pulse is large and powerful, like a rough wave, one after another. Main symptoms: excess heat. The internal heat is strong, the pulse channels are dilated and the pulse shape is wide. Due to excessive heat, pathogenic factors are blazing, qi and blood are full, and pulse conditions are fluctuating.
Pulse: the pulse is as thin as a line, with obvious fluctuation. Main symptoms: deficiency syndrome, mostly seen in yin deficiency and blood deficiency syndrome. It also controls wet diseases. Yin deficiency and blood deficiency can't fill the pulse, or wet evil can't fill the pulse, and the pulse is small.
Chord pulse: the end is straight and long, pointing down quite suddenly, such as pressing a chord. Treat hepatobiliary diseases, pain syndrome and phlegm. The qi is unfavorable, the liver loses the function of dispersing qi, and the pulse is tense and shows a string pulse. When the patient is sick, qi disorder or phlegm stops, which will lead to poor conduction of qi and string pulse.